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Bueno TV, Fontes PP, Abe VY, Utiyama AS, Senra RL, Oliveira LS, Brombini Dos Santos A, Ferreira EGC, Darben LM, de Oliveira AB, Abdelnoor RV, Whitham SA, Fietto LG, Marcelino-Guimarães FC. A Phakopsora pachyrhizi Effector Suppresses PAMP-Triggered Immunity and Interacts with a Soybean Glucan Endo-1,3-β-Glucosidase to Promote Virulence. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:779-790. [PMID: 35617509 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-21-0301-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important diseases affecting soybean production in tropical areas. During infection, P. pachyrhizi secretes proteins from haustoria that are transferred into plant cells to promote virulence. To date, only one candidate P. pachyrhizi effector protein has been characterized in detail to understand the mechanism by which it suppresses plant defenses to enhance infection. Here, we aimed to extend understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of P. pachyrhizi based on the discovery of host proteins that interact with the effector candidate Phapa-7431740. We demonstrated that Phapa-7431740 suppresses pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and that it interacts with a soybean glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase (GmβGLU), a pathogenesis-related (PR) protein belonging to the PR-2 family. Structural and phylogenetic characterization of the PR-2 protein family predicted in the soybean genome and comparison to PR-2 family members in Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton, demonstrated that GmβGLU is a type IV β-1,3-glucanase. Transcriptional profiling during an infection time course showed that the GmβGLU mRNA is highly induced during the initial hours after infection, coinciding with peak of expression of Phapa-7431740. The effector was able to interfere with the activity of GmβGLU in vitro, with a dose-dependent inhibition. Our results suggest that Phapa-7431740 may suppress PTI by interfering with glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase activity. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays V Bueno
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P Fontes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Valeria Y Abe
- Embrapa soja, Plant Biotechnology, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Alice Satiko Utiyama
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Renato L Senra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Liliane S Oliveira
- Embrapa soja, Plant Biotechnology, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 70770-901, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Cornélio Procópio, Paraná 86300-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven A Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Luciano G Fietto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, CEP 36570-900, Brazil
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Choi IS, Wojciechowski MF, Ruhlman TA, Jansen RK. In and out: Evolution of viral sequences in the mitochondrial genomes of legumes (Fabaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107236. [PMID: 34147655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant specific mitoviruses in the 'genus' Mitovirus (Narnaviridae) and their integrated sequences (non-retroviral endogenous RNA viral elements or NERVEs) have been recently identified in various plant lineages. However, the sparse phylogenetic coverage of complete plant mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences and the non-conserved nature of mitochondrial intergenic regions have hindered comparative studies on mitovirus NERVEs in plants. In this study, 10 new mitogenomes were sequenced from legumes (Fabaceae). Based on comparative genomic analysis of 27 total mitogenomes, we identified mitovirus NERVEs and transposable elements across the family. All legume mitogenomes included NERVEs and total NERVE length varied from ca. 2 kb in the papilionoid Trifolium to 35 kb in the mimosoid Acacia. Most of the NERVE integration sites were in highly variable intergenic regions, however, some were positioned in six cis-spliced mitochondrial introns. In the Acacia mitogenome, there were L1-like transposon sequences including an almost full-length copy with target site duplications (TSDs). The integration sites of NERVEs in four introns showed evidence of L1-like retrotransposition events. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there were multiple instances of precise deletion of NERVEs between TSDs. This study provides clear evidence that a L1-like retrotransposition mechanism has a long history of contributing to the integration of viral RNA into plant mitogenomes while microhomology-mediated deletion can restore the integration site.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Choi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | | | - Tracey A Ruhlman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Robert K Jansen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Fang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huang K, Yang W, Li X, Zhang Z, Wu K, Xu X, Ruan R, Yuan X, Zhang Z, Yi Z. De novo transcriptome assembly and identification of genes related to seed size in common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum M.). BREEDING SCIENCE 2019; 69:487-497. [PMID: 31598082 PMCID: PMC6776140 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) belongs to the eudicot family Polygonaceae, Fagopyrum Mill, and its seeds have high nutritional value. The mechanism of seed development of common buckwheat remains unclear at the molecular level and no genes related to seed size have been identified. In this study, we performed genome-wide transcriptome sequencing and analysis using common buckwheat seeds at 5 days post anthesis (DPA) and 10 DPA from two cultivars (large-seeded and small-seeded). A total of 259,895 transcripts were assembled, resulting in 187,034 unigenes with average length of 1097 bp and N50 of 1538 bp. Based on gene expression profiles, 9127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed in GO enrichment and KEGG analysis. In addition, genes related to seed size in the IKU pathway, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TFs and phytohormones were identified and analyzed. AP2 and bZIP transcription factors, BR-signal and ABA were considered to be important regulators of seed size. This study provides a valuable genetic resource for future identification and functional analysis of candidate genes regulating seed size in common buckwheat and will be useful for improving seed yield in common buckwheat through molecular breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kehui Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Kanghong Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Renwu Ruan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengsheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Yi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University,
Chongqing, 400716,
People’s Republic of China
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