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Donato MV, Dos Reis-Prado AH, Abreu LG, de Arantes LC, Goto J, Chaves HGDS, Cintra LTA, Briso ALF, Peixoto IFDC, Benetti F. Influence of dental bleaching on the pulp tissue: A systematic review of in vivo studies. Int Endod J 2024; 57:630-654. [PMID: 38470103 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies indicate the harmful effects of bleaching on pulp tissue, the demand for this procedure using high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) is high. OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of bleaching on the pulp tissue. METHODS Electronic searches were conducted (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library and grey literature) until February 2021. Only in vivo studies that evaluated the effects of HP and/or carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gels on the inflammatory response in the pulp tissue compared with a non-bleached group were included. Risk of bias was performed according to a modified Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale for human studies and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's RoB tool for animal studies. Meta-analysis was unfeasible. RESULTS Of the 1311 studies, 30 were eligible. Of these, 18 studies evaluated the inflammatory response in animal models. All these studies reported a moderate-to-strong inflammatory response in the superficial regions of pulp, characterized by cell disorganization and necrotic areas, particularly during the initial periods following exposure to 35%-38% HP, for 30-40 min. In the evaluation of human teeth across 11 studies, seven investigated inflammatory responses, with five observing significant inflammation in the pulp of bleached teeth. In terms of tertiary dentine deposition, 11 out of 12 studies noted its occurrence after bleaching with 35%-38% HP in long-term assessments. Additionally, three studies reported significant levels of osteocalcin/osteopontin at 2 or 10 days post-treatment. Other studies indicated an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines ranging from immediately up to 10 days after bleaching. Studies using humans' teeth had a low risk of bias, whereas animal studies had a high risk of bias. DISCUSSION Despite the heterogeneity in bleaching protocols among studies, High-concentrations of HP shows the potential to induce significant pulp damage. CONCLUSIONS High-concentrations of bleaching gel increases inflammatory response and necrosis in the pulp tissue at short periods after bleaching, mainly in rat molars and in human incisors, in addition to greater hard tissue deposition over time. However, further well-described histological studies with long-term follow-up are encouraged due to the methodological limitations of these studies. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021230937).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Viana Donato
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lara Cancella de Arantes
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Goto
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Benetti
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Barbosa LMM, Carneiro TS, Favoreto MW, Borges CPF, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Meireles SS. Effect of whitening toothpastes with different hydrogen peroxide concentrations: Penetration into the pulp chamber and color change. J Dent 2024; 144:104951. [PMID: 38508441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the efficacy of simulated brushing with toothpastes containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in pulp chamber penetration and color change. Also, physical-chemical properties (concentration, pH and viscosity) were evaluated. METHODS Forty-nine premolars were divided into seven groups (n = 7): untreated (control); whitening gel (White Class 6 %, 6 %BG) with one 90 min application (6 %BG 90 min) and 14 applications of 90 min (6 %BG 14×90 min); toothpastes (Colgate Luminous White Glow 3 %, 3 %TP; Crest 3D White Brilliance 4 %, 4 %TP; Colgate Optic White Pro-Series 5 %, 5 %TP) and 6 %BG toothbrushing for 14 applications of 90 s. HP penetration into the pulp chamber was measured through UV-Vis spectrophotometry and color change with a spectrophotometer (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID). Initial concentration, pH, and viscosity were measured through Titration, Digital pH-meter, and Rheometer, respectively. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS 6 %BG (14×90 min) and 4 %TP groups showed acidic pH and higher concentrations of HP in the pulp chamber compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). On the other side, 3 %TP and 5 %TP groups showed alkaline pH, higher viscosity between the toothpastes and lower HP penetration (p < 0.05). The 6 %BG AH (14×90 min) group exhibited the most significant color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Brushing with whitening toothpaste with an acidic pH leads to greater HP penetration into pulp chamber; but, even when a high concentrated HP whitening toothpaste was used, a lower whitening effect was observed when compared to a two-week at-home bleaching. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Whitening toothpastes containing up to 5 % HP produced lower whitening effect than two-week at-home bleaching. Additionally, HP was detected within the pulp chamber which can potentially impact in tooth sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa M M Barbosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Taynara S Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michael W Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Christiane P F Borges
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sônia S Meireles
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Carlos ACAM, Lemos JVM, Borges MMF, Albuquerque MCP, Sousa FB, Alves APNN, Dantas TS, Silva PGDB. Interleukin-17 plays a role in dental pulp inflammation mediated by zoledronic acid: a mechanism unrelated to the Th17 immune response? J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230230. [PMID: 37820184 PMCID: PMC10567106 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of RORγT inhibition by digoxin on inflammatory changes related to interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the pulp of rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). METHODOLOGY Forty male Wistar rats were divided into a negative control group (NCG) treated with saline solution, a positive control group (PCG) treated with ZOL (0.20 mg/kg), and three groups treated with ZOL and co-treated with digoxin 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg (DG1, 2, and 4). After four intravenous administrations of ZOL or saline solution in a 70-day protocol, the right molars were evaluated by histomorphometry (number of blood vessels, blood vessels/µm2, cells/µm2, total blood vessel area, and average blood vessel area) and immunohistochemistry (IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β). The Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS PCG showed an increase in total blood vessel area (p=0.008) and average blood vessel area (p=0.014), and digoxin treatment reversed these changes. DG4 showed a reduction in blood vessels/µm2 (p<0.001). In PCG odontoblasts, there was an increase in IL-17 (p=0.002) and TNF-α (p=0.002) immunostaining, and in DG4, these changes were reversed. Odontoblasts in the digoxin-treated groups also showed an increase in IL-6 immunostaining (p<0.001) and a reduction in TGF-β immunostaining (p=0.002), and all ZOL-treated groups showed an increase in IL-17 (p=0.011) and TNF-α (p=0.017) in non-odontoblasts cells. CONCLUSION ZOL induces TNF-α- and IL-17-dependent vasodilation and ectasia, and the classical Th17 response activation pathway does not seem to participate in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Vitor Mota Lemos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departmento de Patologia Oral, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | | | - Fabrício Bitu Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departmento de Patologia Oral, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Christus, Departamento de Patologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | - Thinali Sousa Dantas
- Centro Universitário Christus, Departamento de Patologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departmento de Patologia Oral, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Christus, Departamento de Patologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
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Roderjan DA, Stanislawczuk R, Soares DG, de Souza Costa CA, Favoreto MW, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Effect of medium or high concentrations of in-office dental bleaching gel on the human pulp response in the mandibular incisors. Restor Dent Endod 2023. [DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Augusto Roderjan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Stanislawczuk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Campos Gerais Higher Education Center - CESCAGE, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Willian Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D. Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Effect of an experimental desensitizing gel on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching—a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1567-1576. [PMID: 36418502 PMCID: PMC9685084 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS), and the efficacy of in-office bleaching after applying an experimental desensitizing gel composed of 10% calcium gluconate, 0.1% dexamethasone acetate, 10% potassium nitrate, and 5% glutaraldehyde. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a split-mouth, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 50 participants had their upper hemiarches randomized into experimental and placebo groups. Desensitizing and placebo gels were applied for 10 min before in-office bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide, 1 × 50 min; two bleaching sessions; 1-week interval). TS was recorded immediately after bleaching, 1, 24, and 48 h after each session, with a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and a five-point numerical rating scale (NRS). The color was recorded in all groups at baseline, 1 week after each session, and 1 month after the end of bleaching using shade guide units (ΔSGUs) and a spectrophotometer (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID). RESULTS Most participants (96%) felt some discomfort during treatment regardless of the study group. The odds ratio for pain was 0.65 (95% CI 0.1 to 4.1; p = 1.0). The intensity of TS did not differ between groups (p > 0.31), and it was only 0.34 VAS units lower in the experimental group. A significant color change occurred in both groups regardless of the group. CONCLUSIONS The desensitizing experimental gel applied before in-office bleaching did not reduce the risk and the intensity of TS and did not affect color change. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the experimental desensitizing agent with varying mechanisms of action did not jeopardize the color change, it did not reduce the risk or intensity of in-office bleaching. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-7T7D4D.
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Bernardi LG, Favoreto MW, Carneiro TS, Mena-Serrano A, Borges CPF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Use of an applicator brush with high concentration bleaching gels. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6387-6395. [PMID: 35776203 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro two high concentration self-mix bleaching gels (35% or 37.5%) with different application tips (with or without an applicator brush) during in-office bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy premolars were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8): no treatment; 35% HP without applicator brush, 35% HP with applicator brush, 37.5% HP without applicator brush, and 37.5% HP with applicator brush. After the procedures, the concentration of HP transferred into the pulp chamber was evaluated using UV-Vis. The amount of gel used in each group was measured on a precision analytical balance. Color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer. Initial concentration was measured by titration with potassium permanganate. The pH was evaluated using a digital pH meter. The data from each test were submitted to nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Using a tip with an applicator brush expended less gel and left a lower amount of HP inside the pulp chamber compared to the tip without a brush for both bleaching gels (p < 0.0003), although no significant difference in color change was observed (p < 0.05). The 37.5% HP showed a more stable and less acidic pH and a lower amount of HP in the pulp chamber than the 35% HP (p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION The HP penetration into the pulp chamber was lower when using an applicator with a brush tip than when using one with a conventional tip. As for the color, both tips were considered to lighten teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For the application of a self-mixing high concentration in-office bleaching gel, a brush tip should be recommended because its use diminishes the penetration of HP into the pulp chamber and wastes less bleaching gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís G Bernardi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Michael W Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Taynara S Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil.
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Ribeiro R, de Oliveira Duque CC, Ortecho-Zuta U, Leite ML, Hebling J, Soares DG, de Souza Costa CA. Influence of Manganese Oxide on the Esthetic Efficacy and Toxicity Caused by Conventional In-office Tooth Bleaching Therapy. Oper Dent 2022; 47:425-436. [PMID: 35917237 DOI: 10.2341/20-257-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the esthetic efficacy, cytotoxicity, and kinetics of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) present in a commercial bleaching gel with 35% H2O2 (BG35%) chemically activated with manganese oxide (MnO2). METHODS AND MATERIALS After incorporating 2 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL of MnO2 into BG35%, the stability of pH and temperature of the products were analyzed. To assess the esthetic efficacy (ΔE and ΔWI), the BG35%s with MnO2 were applied for 45 minutes on enamel/dentin discs (DiE/D). BG35% or no treatment were used as positive (PC) and negative (NC) controls, respectively. To analyze the cell viability (CV) and oxidative stress (OXS), the same bleaching protocols were performed on DiE/D adapted to artificial pulp chambers. The extracts (culture medium + gel components that diffused through the discs) were applied to pulp cells and submitted to H2O2 quantification. BG35% with MnO2 that showed the best results was evaluated relative to kinetic decomposition of H2O2, with consequent generation of free radicals (FR) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•). The data were submitted to the one-way analysis of variance complemented by Tukey post-test (α=0.05). Data on kinetics of H2O2 decomposition were submitted to the Student's-t test (α=0.05). RESULTS All the BG35%s with MnO2 showed stability of pH and temperature, and the gel with 10 mg/mL of this activator had an esthetic efficacy 31% higher than that of the PC (p<0.05). Reduction in OXS and trans-amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2 occurred when all the BG35%s with MnO2 were used. The addition of 6 and 10 mg/mL of MnO2 to BG35% increased the CV in comparison with PC, confirmed by the cell morphology analysis. An increase in FR and OH• formation was observed when 10 mg/mL of MnO2 was added to BG35%. CONCLUSION Catalysis of BG35% with MnO2 minimized the trans-amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2 and toxicity of the product to pulp cells. BG35% containing 10 mg/mL of MnO2 potentiated the decomposition of H2O2, enhancing the generation of FR and OH•, as well as the efficacy of the in-office tooth therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Ribeiro
- Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro, PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0001-8100-3294
| | - C C de Oliveira Duque
- Carla Caroline de Oliveira Duque, PhD, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Univ Estadual Paulista -UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. ORCID 0000-0002-5898-4132
| | - U Ortecho-Zuta
- Uxua Ortecho Zuta, PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Univ Estadual Paulista -UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. ORCID 0000-0002-2922-3609
| | - M L Leite
- Maria Luísa Leite, PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Univ Estadual Paulista -UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. ORCID 0000-0001-6650-3637
| | - J Hebling
- Josimeri Hebling, professor, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. ORCID 0000-0002-2846-2325
| | - D G Soares
- Diana Gabriela Soares, professor, Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Univ de São Paulo - USP, Bauru, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil. ORCID 0000-0002-1485-6104
| | - C A de Souza Costa
- *Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa, professor, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. ORCID 0000-0002-7455-6867
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Kim DH, Bae J, Heo JH, Park CH, Kim EB, Lee JH. Nanoparticles as Next-Generation Tooth-Whitening Agents: Progress and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10042-10065. [PMID: 35704786 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whitening agents, such as hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, are currently used in clinical applications for dental esthetic and dental care. However, the free radicals generated by whitening agents cause pathological damage; therefore, their safety issues remain controversial. Furthermore, whitening agents are known to be unstable and short-lived. Since 2001, nanoparticles (NPs) have been researched for use in tooth whitening. Importantly, nanoparticles not only function as abrasives but also release reactive oxygen species and help remineralization. This review outlines the historical development of several NPs based on their whitening effects and side effects. NPs can be categorized into metals or metal oxides, ceramic particles, graphene oxide, and piezoelectric particles. Moreover, the status quo and future prospects are discussed, and recent progress in the development of NPs and their applications in various fields requiring tooth whitening is examined. This review promotes the research and development of next-generation NPs for use in tooth whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Hwan Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Bae
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Heo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials Technology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hyun Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials Technology Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Cua J, Crespo E, Phelps S, Ramirez R, Roque-Torres G, Oyoyo U, Kwon SR. Tooth Color Change and Erosion: Hydrogen Peroxide Versus Non-peroxide Whitening Strips. Oper Dent 2022; 47:301-308. [PMID: 35584321 DOI: 10.2341/20-302-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study evaluated the efficacy and potential erosion of non-peroxide strips compared to hydrogen peroxide (HP) whitening strips (WSs). METHODS Color evaluation samples (N=64) were distributed into four groups and treated according to manufacturer's directions. NC: Negative control treated with water; BT: Non-peroxide Brilliant Dissolving Strips; FM: Non-peroxide Fancymay Teeth WSs; WS: Crest 3D Brilliance HP White Strips. A contact-type spectrophotometer was used to measure color at baseline (T1), 1-day posttreatment (T2), and 1-week posttreatment (T3). Teeth were cut to a rectangular block for micro-CT erosion assessment. The samples (N=30) were divided into five groups. In addition to the four groups for color assessment, a positive control (PC) treated with 0.25% citric acid was added. The samples were scanned, reconstructed, and measured for erosion depth using a micro-CT analysis program software. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine differences in color change and erosion depth among the groups. Tests of hypotheses were two-sided with an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS The mean ΔE*ab at 1-day/1-week posttreatment were 2.4/2.5, 2.8/2.9, 2.8/3.2, and 8.6/11.0 for NC, BT, FM, and WS, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference for ΔE*ab at 1-day and 1-week posttreatment (p<0.001). Group WS had the highest color change, while the other three groups did not differ from each other (p>0.05). Mean erosion depths in microns were 0.52, 0.58, 0.42, 0.49, and 29.55 for NC, BT, FM, WS, and PC, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among the groups (p=0.004). Group PC had the greatest erosion, while the other groups had negligible erosion that did not differ from each other (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Peroxide WSs had superior whitening efficacy compared to non-peroxide strips. None of the tested products compromised tooth structure integrity through enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cua
- John Cua, RDH, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - E Crespo
- Elisabeth Crespo, RDH, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - S Phelps
- Sarah Phelps, RDH, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - R Ramirez
- Rachel Ramirez, RDH, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - G Roque-Torres
- Gina Roque-Torres, DDS, MS, PhD, assistant professor, Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - U Oyoyo
- Udochukwu Oyoyo, MPH, assistant professor, Dental Education Services, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - S R Kwon
- *So Ran Kwon, DDS, MS, PhD, MS, professor & director of Student Research Program, Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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de Barros Silva PG, Filho ELC, Nigri FMN, Dantas TS, de Miranda Candeiro GT, Neri JR. Photobiomodulation Reduces Pain-Related Symptoms Without Interfering in the Efficacy of In-Office Tooth Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:163-177. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Department of Dentistry, University Center Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate School of Dentistry, University Center Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Cetira Filho
- Department of Dentistry, University Center Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - George Táccio de Miranda Candeiro
- Department of Dentistry, University Center Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate School of Dentistry, University Center Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jiovanne Rabelo Neri
- Department of Dentistry, University Center Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate School of Dentistry, University Center Christus, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate School of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
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11
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Bernardi LG, Favoreto MW, de Souza Carneiro T, Borges CPF, Pulido C, Loguercio AD. Effects of microabrasion association to at-home bleaching on hydrogen peroxide penetration and color change. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:335-341. [PMID: 34723443 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) inside the pulp cavity and color change with two different concentrations of HP to at-home bleaching associated or not with enamel microabrasion (MA). METHODS Forty healthy premolars were randomly divided in four groups (n = 10): only HP4%, MA + HP4%, only HP10%, MA + HP10%. The concentration (μg/ml) of HP was assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The color change (ΔEab , ΔE00 and WID ) was evaluated before and one-week after bleaching. Data were evaluated for a two-way ANOVA and the Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The application of MA increased the amounts of HP inside the pulp chamber when compared to without MA, as well as PH10% when compared to PH4% (p < 0.0001). PH10% showed higher WID when compared to PH4%. No significant difference was observed when ΔEab , and ΔE00 were used. CONCLUSIONS The enamel MA before at-home bleaching promotes greater penetration of HP, although this procedure did not significantly affect the color change. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Since greater penetration of HP into the pulp chamber was detected when home bleaching was applied immediately after MA, the clinician should not apply home bleaching gels in the same session when MA was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Giacomini Bernardi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Michael Willian Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Taynara de Souza Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Camilo Pulido
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, San Francisco de Quito University (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
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12
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Tran C, Choi E, Watu B, Oyoyo U, Perry C, Kwon SR. Laboratory model to evaluate efficacy of an experimental titanium oxide nanofibers bleaching agent. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e47. [PMID: 34909411 PMCID: PMC8636076 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to use a laboratory model to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental bleaching agent. Materials and Methods The model used human extracted molars that were treated and measured for bleaching efficacy. Teeth (n = 50) were distributed into 5 groups: Negative control (NC): immersion in water for 8 hours; Nanofibers (NFs): Experimental titanium dioxide nanofibers with stirring and light activation for 8 hours; Whitestrips (WS): Crest 3D White Glamorous White Whitestrips, 2 applications daily for 30 minutes, 14 days; 1% hydrogen peroxide (HP) standard: 1% hydrogen peroxide for 8 hours; and 30% HP standard: 30% hydrogen peroxide for 8 hours. Instrumental measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer. Results were recorded at baseline, 1-day post-bleaching, and 1-week post-bleaching. Kruskal-Wallis procedure was used to determine differences in color change. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between visual and instrumental measurements. Tests of hypotheses were 2-sided with alpha = 0.05. Results There was no significant difference in color parameters (L1, a1, b1, and shade guide units [SGU]) at baseline (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference among the groups for overall color change (ΔE*ab) and change in shade guide units (ΔSGU) at 1-day and 1-week post-bleaching (p < 0.05). The higher the HP concentration, the higher the color change as expressed in ΔSGU and ΔE*ab. The negative control exceeded the perceptibility threshold of ΔE* = 1.2 regardless of time point. NFs showed a decrease in chroma, but were not statistically different compared to the negative control. Conclusions The laboratory model was successful in screening an experimental bleaching agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Tran
- Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Ellin Choi
- Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Brittany Watu
- Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Udochukwu Oyoyo
- Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Christopher Perry
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - So Ran Kwon
- Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA
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13
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Chen C, Huang X, Zhu W, Ding C, Huang P, Li R. H2O2 gel bleaching induces cytotoxicity and pain conduction in dental pulp stem cells via intracellular reactive oxygen species on enamel/dentin disc. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257221. [PMID: 34506603 PMCID: PMC8432789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bleaching is widely accepted for improving the appearance of discolored teeth; however, patient compliance is affected by bleaching-related complications, especially bleaching sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytotoxicity and pain conduction activated by experimental tooth bleaching. Methods Dental pulp stem cells with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger, were cultured on the dentin side of the enamel/dentin disc. Subsequently, 15% (90 min) and 40% (30 min) bleaching gels were painted on the enamel surface. Cell viability, intracellular ROS, Ca2+, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and extracellular ATP levels were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, CellROX, fura-3AM fluorescence assay, and ATP measurement kit. The rat incisor model was used to evaluate in vivo effects after 0, 1, 3, 7, and 30 days of bleaching. Changes in gene and protein expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and Pannexin1 (PANX1) in dental pulp stem cells and pulp tissue were detected through RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results The bleaching gel suppressed dental pulp stem cell viability and extracellular ATP levels and increased intracellular ROS, Ca2+, and intracellular ATP levels. The mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, TNFα, TRPA1, and PANX1 were up-regulated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the 40% gel had a stronger effect than the 15% gel, and NAC ameliorated the gel effects. Conclusions Our findings suggest that bleaching gels induce cytotoxicity and pain conduction in dental pulp stem cells via intracellular ROS, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for alleviating tooth bleaching nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Piaopiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Efficacy and tooth sensitivity of at-home bleaching in patients with esthetic restorations: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:565-573. [PMID: 34383143 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the color change and tooth sensitivity (TS) caused by at-home bleaching in patients with sound and with restored teeth. METHODS Forty patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups: So (patients with six caries-free maxillary anterior teeth) and Re (patients with at least one restoration in the six maxillary anterior teeth). Both groups were bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) at-home bleaching. The color change (CIELab [ΔE*ab], CIEDE00 [ΔE00], and whiteness index [∆WID]) were assessed using a spectrophotometer at baseline, 2 weeks, and 1 and 3 months after bleaching. Patients recorded their TS using a numeric rating scale (0-4). Data of color change were submitted to Student's T-test. The absolute risk and intensity of TS were compared using Fisher's and the Mann-Whitney tests, respectively (α = 0.05). RESULTS Higher ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ∆WID values were observed for So in relation to Re after all recall rate (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed regarding of bleaching-induced TS (p > 0.9). CONCLUSIONS At-home dental bleaching with 10% CP generated the same pattern of TS in patients with or without restorations. However, in patients with restored teeth, it produced a lower color change after 2 weeks of bleaching. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE After 2 weeks of at-home bleaching, a lower whitening effect was observed in patients with anterior restorations when compared with patients with sound teeth. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier RBR-52j6gmg.
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15
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Daood U, Malik AA, Ilyas MS, Ahmed A, Qasim SSB, Banavar SR, Khan AS, Kuan EKS, Bilal S, Matinlinna J, Seow LL. Antimicrobial and self-crosslinking potential of experimentally developed dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide and riboflavin dentin adhesive. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2392-2406. [PMID: 34018311 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate a new formulation, based on dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide (QA) and riboflavin (RF), combining antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities in a rabbit model. Quaternary ammonium riboflavin (QARF) experimental adhesives modified with dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide and riboflavin were bonded (0.5/1.0/2.0%) to rabbit dentin to investigate for pulpal-histology, interfacial-morphology, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical properties, collagen crosslinking, micro-Raman analysis, antimicrobial, and anti-protease activities. Collagen type-I molecules were generated using molecular-docking. Odontoblasts appeared with normal histology, were seen in controls with no inflammatory cells detected in 0.5% specimens at day 7 and mild inflammatory response at day 30. In QARF 2.0%, inflammatory cells were not detected at day 7 and 30 (p < .05). Dentinal tubules are seen with intact collagen surface in 1% specimens. Resin penetrated inside 1% adhesive specimens with few irregularly funnel-shaped tags. Transmission electron microscopy showed thinner collagen in all specimens except 1% QARF specimens. Biofilms were influenced by QARF adhesives. Elastic moduli were significantly higher in 1.0% and 2.0% QARF adhesive specimens with a significant increase in total crosslinks. Stable amide groups with anti-protease activity was observed in QARF groups. Charged residues were seen in the triple helix hCOL3A1, Gly489-Gly510 after stabilisation with formulation. The 1% QARF modified adhesives improved biochemical and biomechanical properties of rabbit dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Asrar Ahmed
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Saad B Qasim
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esther Kok Sook Kuan
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sobia Bilal
- Department of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Barboza ACS, Dos Santos PH, do Vale LR, de Oliveira Gallinari M, Assmann A, Vidal CMP, Fagundes TC, Briso ALF. Dental bleaching with violet LED: Effects on dentin color change, resin-dentin bond strength, hybrid layer nanohardness and dentinal collagen biostability. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102141. [PMID: 33307228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a novel dental bleaching technique with Violet LED on enamel color change, bond strength and hybrid layer nanomechanical properties in resin-dentin restoration, and dentin biostability. METHODS A total of 125 bovine incisors were distributed into a control group, violet LED group (LED), and 35 % peroxide hydrogen bleaching gel (BLG) groups (n = 15). Three 45-minute sessions were performed for both bleaching procedures every week. Enamel color change (ΔE, ΔL, and Δb) was determined after every bleaching session. After color analysis, dentin was exposed for the resin-dentin bond strength analysis using microtensile test and evaluation of the nanomechanical properties at the hybrid layer (nanohardness). While half of the specimens were tested immediately, the remaining were evaluated after 10,000 thermal cycles (TC). Thirty additional teeth were used to investigate dentin ultimate tensile strength (UTS) after the bleaching treatments. UTS was evaluated before and after an enzymatic challenge. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post-test were used for the statistical analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS Enamel bleaching effect was observed in the LED and BLG groups with significant alterations in the ΔE, ΔL, and Δb in the BLG group. No difference was observed in the resin-dentin bond strength among the groups (p > 0.05), however, TC negatively affected the bond strength values for all the groups. Nanomechanical properties remained unchanged when comparing immediate and after TC results (p > 0.05). Bleaching with BLG reduced significantly the dentin UTS, while all groups showed major decrease in UTS after the enzymatic challenge. CONCLUSIONS Although violet LED was able to promote a bleaching effect, less color changes was observed when compared to BLG. None of the bleaching techniques effected the resin-bond strength or the nanomechanics of the hybrid layer. Violet LED did negatively effect dentin biostability as observed for BLG and it may promote less changes to the organic content of dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Souza Barboza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Postal code 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Postal code 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Ribeiro do Vale
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Postal code 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Postal code 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Assmann
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Rua Pioneiro 2153, Postal code 85950-00, Palotina, Brazil
| | - Cristina Mattos Pimenta Vidal
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Postal code 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Postal code 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Favoreto MW, Madureira MP, Hass V, Maran BM, Parreiras SO, Borges CPF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. A novel carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticle bleaching gel: Color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration inside the pulp cavity. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:277-283. [PMID: 32949453 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration inside the pulp cavity and the color change of teeth submitted to the 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) nanoparticle bleaching gel at several application times. MATERIALS AND METHODS Premolars were divided into nine groups (n = 6) according to 15% CP bleaching agents (nanoparticle and commercial) and to application times (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). A negative control was exposed to ultra-purified water. After a whitening procedure, the HP concentration (μg/mL) inside the pulp cavity was assessed via spectrophotometry. The color change (ΔE* and ΔE00*) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed via two-way ANOVA and Tukey (α = 0.05). RESULTS A lower concentration of HP was detected for CP nanoparticle gel after 30 and 45 minutes of whitening procedure (P = .001). The bleaching groups promoted a higher color change (ΔE* and ΔE00*) regardless of the application time (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS The CP nanoparticle gel reduced HP inside the pulp cavity, and showed effective bleaching compared with CP commercial gel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using 15% carbamide peroxide nanoparticle bleaching gel decreased the HP penetration inside the pulp cavity and may decrease bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity in at-home bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariniella P Madureira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Viviane Hass
- School of Dentistry, University of Northern Paraná-UNOPAR, Paraná, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bianca M Maran
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Western Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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18
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Parreiras SO, Favoreto MW, Lenz RE, Serra ME, Borges CPF, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Effect of Prior Application of Desensitizing Agent on the Teeth Submitted to In-Office Bleaching. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:236-243. [PMID: 32667516 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the penetration of hydrogen peroxide, color change evaluation, surface morphology, and composition after application of desensitizing agents before in-office bleaching. Fifty premolars were sectioned, an acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber and divided into five groups (n=10). In the positive control group, only the in-office bleaching gel was used, and in the negative control group, no treatment was used. Three different desensitizing agents were applied: Desensibilize KF2%® group; Mi Paste® group, and Desensibilize Nano-P® group. The bleaching procedure was carried out with 35% HP. The absorbance of the resulting solution was determined in a spectrophotometer. Color change was assessed by using a digital spectrophotometer. Four additional premolars were assigned to the same groups above for analysis under scanning electron microscope, as well as to evaluate the elemental composition with X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). All products reduced the penetration of HP in the pulp chamber. Mi Paste and Nano P were the products that yielded the lowest HP penetration, which was similar to the negative control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected in color change (p<0.001). Concerning enamel morphology, the groups that were analyzed after bleaching were observed a greater deposition of desensitizing agents on the surface. The use of desensitizing agents before tooth bleaching seems to be an alternative to reduce adverse effects of the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubia Elisa Lenz
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Serra
- School of Chemistry, UniversidadeEstadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Reis
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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19
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C. de Silva C, de M. Alencar C, de Paula BLF, de A. Jassé FF, Araújo JLN, Silva CM. Photobiomodulation vs. Placebo on Post-Bleaching Sensitivity and Color Change: A Split-Mouth Clinical Study. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of Photobiomodulation (PBM) with low-level LASER therapy compared to placebo in post-bleaching sensitivity and color change during a three-week office bleaching treatment.
Methods:
A split-mouth model was used to evaluate 21 subjects. The right and left hemi-archs were randomized to one of two groups: GP (placebo): simulated LASER application followed by tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide; and GL: treated with PBM followed by tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. A four-degree modified Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess tooth sensitivity after the application of an evaporative stimulus (stimulated pain). In addition, a daily questionnaire was used to measure unstimulated pain. The color change was measured using a spectrophotometer. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze data sensitivity. Color results were statistically analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post-hoc test.
Results:
There was no significant difference between GP and GL for stimulated pain evaluation (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the groups for unstimulated pain evaluation (p≤ 0.05). In addition, ΔE data did not reveal any significant difference in tooth color between groups at any time (p> 0.05).
Conclusion:
PBM prevented post-bleaching sensitivity compared to placebo, based on the daily pain assessment questionnaires. PBM did not compromise the quality of bleaching treatments.
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20
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de Oliveira Duque CC, Soares DG, Briso ALF, Ortecho-Zuta U, de Oliveira Ribeiro RA, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Influence of Tooth Pigmentation on H2O2 Diffusion and Its Cytotoxicity After In-office Tooth Bleaching. Oper Dent 2020; 45:632-642. [DOI: 10.2341/19-013-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Pigments in tooth structures affect the diffusion of H2O2 through enamel and dentin. The bleaching methodology can be impacted.
SUMMARY
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the presence of pigments in tooth structures on the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its cytotoxicity after carrying out an in-office bleaching therapy.
Methods and Materials: A bleaching gel with 35% H2O2 was applied for 45 minutes (three times for 15 minutes) on enamel and dentin discs (n=6), either previously submitted to the intrinsic pigmentation protocol with a concentrated solution of black tea, or not, defining the following groups: G1, unbleached untreated discs (control 1); G2, unbleached pigmented discs (control 2); G3, bleached untreated discs; G4, bleached pigmented discs. The discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers, which were placed in wells of 24-well plates containing 1 mL culture medium (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium [DMEM]). After applying the bleaching gel on enamel, the extracts (DMEM + components of bleaching gel that diffused through the discs) were collected and then applied on the cultured MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. Cell viability (methyl tetrazolium assay and Live & Dead, Calcein AM, and ethidium homodimer-1 [EthD-1] probes), the amount of H2O2 that diffused through enamel and dentin (leuco-crystal violet product), and the H2O2-mediated oxidative cell stress (SOx) and components of degradation were assessed (analysis of variance/Tukey; α=0.05).
Results: There was no significant difference between the groups G1 and G2 for all the parameters tested (p>0.05). Reduction in the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of H2O2 occurred for G4 in comparison with G3. Significantly lower cell viability associated with greater oxidative stress was observed for G3 (p<0.05). Therefore, in-office tooth bleaching therapy performed in pigmented samples caused lower cytotoxic effects compared with untreated samples submitted to the same esthetic procedure (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the methodology used in this investigation, the authors concluded that the presence of pigments in hard tooth structures decreases the trans-enamel and trans-dentin diffusion of H2O2 and the toxicity to pulp cells of an in-office bleaching gel with 35% H2O2.
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21
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Franco MC, Uehara JLS, Meroni BM, Zuttion GS, Cenci MS. The Effect of a Charcoal-based Powder for Enamel Dental Bleaching. Oper Dent 2020; 45:618-623. [DOI: 10.2341/19-122-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Charcoal based-powders are not effective for dental bleaching.
SUMMARY
Charcoal-based dentifrices for dental whitening are a novelty in the market. Manufacturers claim that such charcoal-based products have whitening, remineralization, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties of charcoal in such products. However, there is no substantial scientific evidence for these claims. This laboratory randomized study was designed to evaluate the whitening properties of a charcoal-based toothpowder. A total of 45 bovine dental enamel discs were randomly distributed into three groups (n=15): group 1, mechanical brushing with a 1450-ppm F toothpaste (control group); group 2, mechanical brushing with an activated charcoal-based powder; group 3, bleaching per the standard protocol using 10% carbamide peroxide. The surface roughness and color of each specimen were analyzed at baseline and after 14 days of experiment. The surface of one randomly selected specimen from each group was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare groups at a significance level of 5%. Only group 3 promoted a statistically significant effect on ΔE compared with groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between groups for surface roughness (p>0.05). SEM revealed a more irregular surface in group 1 specimens compared with group 2 and 3 specimens. The charcoal-based powder did not seem to have any bleaching effect.
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22
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Branco AC, Ribeiro N, Figueiredo-Pina CG, Colaço R, Serro AP. Characterization of the Nanostructure of Collagen Fibers Following the Application of Dilute Hydrogen Peroxide used in Dental Whitening Treatments. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1668946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Branco
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - N. Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C. G. Figueiredo-Pina
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R. Colaço
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (IDMEC) and Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A. P. Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
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Gallinari MO, Fagundes TC, da Silva LM, de Almeida Souza MB, Barboza ACS, Briso ALF. A New Approach for Dental Bleaching Using Violet Light With or Without the Use of Whitening Gel: Study of Bleaching Effectiveness. Oper Dent 2019; 44:521-529. [DOI: 10.2341/17-257-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in dental bleaching treatment when used in conjunction with bleaching gels containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Here, 90 bovine teeth (n=15) were randomly assigned to the following groups: GI, placebo without light; GII, 35% HP without light; GIII, 17.5% HP without light; GIV, placebo with violet LED; GV, 35% HP with violet LED; and GVI, 17.5% HP with violet LEDs. Three bleaching sessions of 45 minutes were conducted; 21 cycles involving one minute of irradiation by violet LEDs with 30-second intervals were performed during each session of bleaching (GIV, GV, and GVI). Color changes (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) were analyzed using a visible ultraviolet light spectrophotometer 7 days after each bleaching session. The mean ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb values were compared between groups by analysis of variance and Tukey tests, with a significance level of 5%. The groups treated with 35% HP had higher ΔE and ΔL and lower Δb values, regardless of whether violet light was used. The group that received only violet LED differed from the control group in terms of ΔE, and the group treated with 17.5% HP and violet LED presented higher ΔE values than the group treated with 17.5% HP only. Thus, violet light did not influence bleaching efficacy when using 35% HP, but when used in conjunction with 17.5% HP, it increased the bleaching efficacy. Moreover, use of the violet LED only also prompted a bleaching effect, although it was less marked.
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Affiliation(s)
- MO Gallinari
- Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - TC Fagundes
- Ticiane Cestari Fagundes, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - LM da Silva
- Livia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva, DDS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - MB de Almeida Souza
- Morganna Machado Borges de Almeida Souza, DDS, MS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ACS Barboza
- Ana Carolina de Souza Barboza, DDS, MS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ALF Briso
- André Luiz Fraga Briso, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7030079. [PMID: 31374877 PMCID: PMC6784469 DOI: 10.3390/dj7030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides prevention of caries and periodontitis, an increasing number of oral care products focus on teeth whitening. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss frequently used whitening agents and their efficacy from a chemical viewpoint. Therefore, a comprehensive literature survey on teeth whitening agents and products was conducted. The current whitening methods are analyzed and discussed from a chemist’s viewpoint. Frequently used whitening agents are abrasives (mechanical removal of stains), antiredeposition agents (prevention of deposition of chromophores), colorants (intended to lead to a white color), proteases (degradation of proteins), peroxides (oxidation of organic chromophores), and surfactants (removal of hydrophobic compounds from tooth surface). In-office bleaching using peroxides is effective, but side effects like tooth sensitivity or a damage of the natural organic matrix of enamel and dentin may occur. The applicability of abrasives in teeth whitening is limited due to potential tooth wear, especially when toothpastes with high RDA values are used. The effect of other whitening agents in vivo is often unclear because of a shortage of placebo-controlled clinical trials.
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Llena C, Collado-González M, García-Bernal D, Oñate-Sánchez RE, Martínez CM, Moraleda JM, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. Comparison of diffusion, cytotoxicity and tissue inflammatory reactions of four commercial bleaching products against human dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7743. [PMID: 31123303 PMCID: PMC6533274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple side effects related to bleaching were found to occur in the dental pulp tissue, including decreased cell metabolism and viability. In this work we evaluated the in vitro diffusion capacity, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of four commercial bleaching products on stem cells from human dental pulp (hDPSCs). Two commercial bleaching gels hydrogen peroxide-based (HP), Norblanc Office 37.5% (Nor-HP) and Opalescence Boost 40% (Opal-HP) were applied for 30 min to enamel/dentine discs. Another two gels from the same manufacturers, 16% carbamide peroxide-based (CP), Norblanc Home (Nor-CP) and Opalescence CP 16% (Opal-CP), were applied for 90 min. The diffusion of HP was analysed by fluorometry. Cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assays, the determination of apoptosis, immunofluorescence assays and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Tissue inflammatory reactions were evaluated histopathologically in rats. Statistical differences were performed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test (α < 0.05). Normon products showed lower cytotoxicity and diffusion capacity than the Ultradent products. A high intracellular ROS level was measured in hDPSCs after exposure to Opal-HP. Finally, a severe necrosis of both coronal and radicular pulp was observed with Opal-HP. Similar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide in a variety of bleaching products exhibited different responses in cells and dental pulp tissue, suggesting that bleaching products contain unknown agents that could influence their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Collado-González
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - D García-Bernal
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - R E Oñate-Sánchez
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C M Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Moraleda
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Lorena Ferreira L, Ana Helena Gonçalves de A, Decurcio DDA, Silva JA, Favarão IN, Loureiro MAZ, Barletta FB, Estrela C. Effect of dental bleaching on pulp oxygen saturation in maxillary central incisors - a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180442. [PMID: 30994776 PMCID: PMC6459226 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess pulp oxygen saturation levels (SaO2) in maxillary central incisors after dental bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS 80 participants (160 teeth) were randomly allocated to four groups: G1 In-office bleaching with two applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (20 minutes), followed by at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (2 hours/day for 16 days); G2 - Same protocol as G1, plus desensitizing toothpaste; G3 - In-office bleaching with 35% HP and one application of placebo gel (20 minutes), followed by at-home bleaching with 10% CP (2 hours/day for 16 days); and G4 - Same protocol as G3, plus desensitizing toothpaste. Pulp SaO2 levels were measured before (T0) and immediately after (T1) in-office bleaching; on the 5th (T2), 8th (T3), 12th (T4), and 16th days of at-home bleaching (T5); and on the 7th (T6) and 30th (T7) days. Mean (SD) pulp SaO2 levels were compared within groups by generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Student's t-test (P<0.05). RESULTS Mean pulp SaO2 at T0 was 84.29% in G1, 84.38% in G2, 84.79% in G3, and 85.83% in G4. At T1, these values decreased to 81.96%, 82.06%, 82.19%, and 81.15% in G1, G2, G3, and G4 respectively, with significant difference in G4 (P<0.05). During home bleaching, pulp SaO2 levels varied in all groups, with 86.55%, 86.60%, 85.71%, and 87.15% means at T7 for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively; G2 presented significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pulp SaO2 level in maxillary central incisors was similar at baseline, reducing immediately after in-office bleaching, regardless of using desensitizing toothpaste and increasing at 30 days after dental bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lima Lorena Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel de Almeida Decurcio
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Julio Almeida Silva
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabella Negro Favarão
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Zaiden Loureiro
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernando Branco Barletta
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Hydrogen peroxide-based products alter inflammatory and tissue damage-related proteins in the gingival crevicular fluid of healthy volunteers: a randomized trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3457. [PMID: 30837573 PMCID: PMC6400941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based products are effective in tooth whitening; however, their safety is controversial as they may harm patient tissues/cells. These effects are suggested to be concentration-dependent; nonetheless, to date, there are no reports on H2O2-mediated oxidative damage in the gingival tissue, and neither whether this can be detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. We hypothesize that H2O2 whitening products may cause collateral oxidative tissue damage following in office application. Therefore, H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) levels were investigated in GCF samples obtained from patients undergoing dental bleaching with H2O2 at different concentrations, in a randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial. A proteomic analysis of these samples was also performed. H2O2-based whitening products promoted inflammation which was detected in GCF samples and lasted for longer following 35% H2O2 bleaching. This included time-dependent changes in NO levels and in the abundance of proteins associated with NO synthesis, oxidative stress, neutrophil regulation, nucleic acid damage, cell survival and/or tissue regeneration. Overall, H2O2-based products used in office promote inflammation irrespective of their concentration. As the inflammation caused by 35% H2O2 is longer, patients may benefit better from using lower concentrations of this bleaching product, as they may result in less tissue damage.
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28
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Vaz VTP, Jubilato DP, Oliveira MRMD, Bortolatto JF, Floros MC, Dantas AAR, Oliveira Junior OBD. Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: which one is the most effective? J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180051. [PMID: 30673027 PMCID: PMC6438662 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of whitening toothpastes is questionable and controversial. Clinicians, patients and researchers have expressed concern with whitening toothpastes due to the risk of wearing the dental structure and the potential for disappointment if the advertised cosmetic results are not achieved. Objective: This study compared the whitening performance of toothpastes with different whitening technologies after initial and continued use. Material and Methods: Ninety bovine incisors were stained using a concentrated solution of black tea. They were randomly distributed into 6 groups, according to the toothpaste whitening technology: activated charcoal (B&W), blue covarine (WAD), hydrogen peroxide (LWA), microbeads (Oral B 3D White Perfection – 3DW) and optimized abrasives (XW4D). They were compared to a traditional toothpaste without a whitening agent (TA – control). Specimens underwent a brushing machine with controlled pressure, time and temperature. A calibrated examiner measured the color using a VITA-Classical scale before the first brushing cycle (T0), after the first brushing cycle (TI), and after a brushing cycle that simulates continuous use (TCU). Whitening performance was evaluated by the difference of shades (ΔSGU) between T0–TI and T0–TCU timepoints, using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's non-parametric test. The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the cumulative effect (α=0.05). Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between toothpastes in both TI and TCU (p<0.05). The time of use also had a significant effect (p<0.05). Conclusion: Only WAD and 3DW showed whitening performance after the first use (TI). The greatest whitening performance after continuous use was obtained by WAD, followed by LWA and 3DW. The use of conventional toothpaste (TA) promotes no tooth whitening. Clinical relevance: Microbead abrasives (3DW) and blue covarine (WAD) were the active technology tested that presented the best global tooth whitening performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Torraca Peraro Vaz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Dandara Proba Jubilato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Morgana Regina Mendonça de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Janaina Freitas Bortolatto
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Sciences - Restorative, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Abi Rached Dantas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Osmir Batista de Oliveira Junior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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Karaarslan ES, Özmen ZC, Aytac F, Bicakci AA, Buldur M, Aydogan L, Hologlu F, Özkocak B. Evaluation of biochemical changes in dental tissues after different office bleaching methods. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:389-397. [PMID: 30526070 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118817103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The color of the teeth is an important topic for many people and can be influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic stains. There is an increasing demand for whitening of the teeth year by year. The most popular way of whitening is "bleaching," which is the result of the breakdown of pigments located in the enamel and/or the dentin, caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from bleaching agents. These bleaching agents could increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated collagen degradation in dentin. The aim of this study was to compare biochemical changes and oxidative stress levels of the human premolar dentin-pulp complex after three different bleaching methods containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching agents. Individuals, whose first four premolars were extracted for orthodontic purposes, included into the study. Group 1-Laser: bleaching gel containing 46% H2O2 (LaserWhite20 whitening gel, Biolase Technology Inc., San Clemente, CA, USA) and a diode laser activation (Ezlase 940 nm system). Group 2: 35% H2O2 containing whitening gel (Whiteness HP Maxx, FGM) and halogen light source activation (Optilux 501, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA). Group 3: 35% H2O2 containing whitening gel (Whiteness HP Maxx, FGM). Group 4-Control: No whitening treatment. According to the test results, there were no significant differences among groups in the values of cathepsin B and MMP proteolytic activities ( p > 0.05). The total ROS values released from the dentin tissue were higher than those obtained from the pulp tissue ( p < 0.05). There were significant differences among the bleaching groups in the ROS values released from the dentin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Karaarslan
- 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Z C Özmen
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - F Aytac
- 3 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - A A Bicakci
- 4 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - M Buldur
- 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - L Aydogan
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - F Hologlu
- 4 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Bbc Özkocak
- 3 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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The effects of hybrid light activation and enamel acid etching on the effectiveness, stability and sensitivity after a single session in-office bleaching: A 12-month clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:22-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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de Paula B, Alencar C, Ortiz M, Couto R, Araújo J, Silva C. Effect of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy combined with potassium nitrate on controlling post-bleaching tooth sensitivity: clinical, randomized, controlled, double-blind, and split-mouth study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2723-2732. [PMID: 30361793 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy (PBM-LLLT) combined with 5% potassium nitrate (KNO3) on controlling tooth sensitivity (TS) after in-office tooth bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty volunteers were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly allocated into four groups: G1 (control): placebo gel application, 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching (HP35) and mock PBM-LLLT without light emission; G2: placebo gel application, bleaching with HP35 and PBM-LLLT; G3: application of KNO3, bleaching with HP35 and mock PBM-LLLT; and G4: application of KNO3, bleaching with HP35 and PBM-LLLT. A pain assessment questionnaire was used to evaluate TS during the 21 days of treatment. The Friedman test was used for intragroup analysis, and the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS The intragroup evaluation showed significant differences among the evaluation times in all groups (p ≤ 0.05). The highest pain sensitivity levels were recorded on the 1st, 8th, and 15th days. In G1, TS manifested for up to 3 days after each bleaching session, while G2, G3, and G4 presented TS only on the days of the bleaching sessions. Intergroup analysis showed that TS manifestation differed significantly between G1 and the other groups (p ≤ 0.05) but did not differ significantly among G2, G3, and G4 (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION PBM-LLLT and KNO3 are effective at reducing pain sensitivity after tooth bleaching, but no synergistic effect between these treatments was observed for the different evaluation periods. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The effect of PBM-LLLT combined with KNO3 on post-bleaching tooth sensitivity is similar to their individual use alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennda de Paula
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Alencar
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Mariángela Ortiz
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Roberta Couto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jesuína Araújo
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Cecy Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Correa, no 1, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Alencar CDM, De Paula BLF, Araújo JLN, Alves EB, De Albuquerque Jassé FF, Silva CM. Effect of low-level laser therapy combined with 5000 parts per million fluoride dentifrice on postbleaching sensitivity: A clinical, randomized, and double-blind study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:352-359. [PMID: 30079637 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study was to assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) combined with 5000 ppm fluoride dentifrice on postbleaching sensitivity in teeth exposed to 35% hydrogen peroxide for four weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five volunteers were evaluated using the split-mouth model in which the right and left maxillary/mandibular quadrants were randomized and allocated to one of two groups: GPLACEBO, in which the laser tip was positioned without the emission of light (placebo effect) + 5000 ppm sodium fluoride, or GLASER, which comprised LLLT + 5000 ppm sodium fluoride. For both groups, LLLT and placebo were used before bleaching, whereas fluoride was applied after bleaching. LLLT was applied at two points: on the central cervical and medial regions of the incisors, canines, and premolars in the corresponding hemi-arch. At each point, 60 J/cm2 was applied for 16 seconds with an irradiance of 3.75 W/cm2 using the therapeutic infrared device. To assess tooth sensitivity, a modified visual analogue scale was used after an evaporative stimulus, and a daily pain questionnaire was also applied. RESULTS The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests demonstrated a significant difference in the incidence of sensitivity pain between GPLACEBO and GLASER (P ≤ .05), with different evaluation times. CONCLUSION Teeth treated with laser therapy in combination with the topical use of sodium fluoride at each bleaching session demonstrated less sensitivity compared with the application of sodium fluoride only. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a low-level laser therapy in combination with topical use of sodium fluoride improves symptoms of dentin sensitivity at each bleaching session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane De Melo Alencar
- Department of restorative dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliane Bemerguy Alves
- Department of restorative dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Cecy Martins Silva
- Department of restorative dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Zhang F, Wu C, Zhou Z, Wang J, Bao W, Dong L, Zhang Z, Ye J, Liao L, Wang X. Blue-Light -Activated Nano-TiO 2@PDA for Highly Effective and Nondestructive Tooth Whitening. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3072-3077. [PMID: 33435027 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of polydopamine (PDA)-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2@PDA) as a new blue-light-activated tooth whitening material was discussed for the first time. Compared with the classical clinical whitening agent (peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and carbamide peroxide), nano-TiO2@PDA-based treatment not only had a similar whitening effect but also showed remarkably less damage on the enamel structure. Essentially, a highly effective and nondestructive tooth whitening treatment could thus be realized accordingly. The toxicity and antibacterial properties of this material were also evaluated systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Chongxue Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Weiwei Bao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330088, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330088, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330088, China
| | - Jing Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lan Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330088, China
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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Exhibit Different Biological Behaviours in Response to Commercial Bleaching Products. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071098. [PMID: 29954139 PMCID: PMC6073762 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diffusion capacity and the biological effects of different bleaching products on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The bleaching gel was applied for 90, 30 or 15 min to enamel/dentine discs that adapted in an artificial chamber. The diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (HP) was analysed by fluorometry and the diffusion products were applied to hDPSCs. Cell viability, cell migration and cell morphology assays were performed using the eluates of diffusion products. Finally, cell apoptosis and the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers were analysed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Kruskal⁻Wallis or Mann⁻Whitney tests (α < 0.05). Significant reductions of approximately 95% in cell viability were observed for the 3 × 15 min groups (p < 0.001), while 1 × 30 min of PerfectBleach and 1 × 90 min of PolaNight resulted in reductions of 50% and 60% in cell viability, respectively (p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the migration assay. Moreover, the 3 × 15 min group was associated with cell morphology alterations and reductions of >70% in cell live. Finally, hDPSCs maintained their mesenchymal phenotype in all conditions. Similar concentrations of carbamide peroxide (CP) and HP in different commercial products exhibited different biological effects on hDPSCs.
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Silva-Costa RSGD, Ribeiro AEDL, Assunção IVD, Araújo Júnior RFD, Araújo AAD, Guerra GCB, Borges BCD. In-office tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide promotes moderate/severe pulp inflammation and production of ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX, FGF-2 and osteocalcin in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170367. [PMID: 29898175 PMCID: PMC5963911 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and production of interleukin-1β (ll-1β), tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and osteocalcin in response to in-office tooth bleaching in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5) according to the received treatment (tooth bleaching or no treatment - control) and the period of euthanasia after treatment (24 h or 10 days). We performed tooth bleaching using a 38% hydrogen peroxide gel on maxillary and mandibular incisors. After euthanasia, incisors (20 per group) were processed for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry staining of ll-1β, TNF-β, FGF-2 and GPX and osteocalcin by immunofluorescence. We analyzed data using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05). RESULTS The bleached groups presented statistically significant differences regarding the pulp inflammation stage compared with the control groups. Bleached teeth showed moderate/severe inflammatory infiltrate and control groups presented absent inflammatory cells or a negligible number of mononuclear cells (p<0.001) at two times (24 h and 10 days). There was strong staining for ll-1β, TNF-β, and GPX in bleached groups at 24 h and strong staining for ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX and FGF-2 at 10 days. After 10 days of tooth bleaching, the bleached group showed a statistically superior amount of osteocalcin than the other groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide causes severe pulp inflammation, but characteristics of tissue repair after 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Suellen Galvão da Silva-Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Andressa Eveline de Lima Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Isauremi Vieira de Assunção
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Morfologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Funcional e Estrutural, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Boniek Castillo Dutra Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
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Randomized controlled clinical trial on bleaching sensitivity and whitening efficacy of hydrogen peroxide versus combinations of hydrogen peroxide and ozone. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2407. [PMID: 29402954 PMCID: PMC5799293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy regarding bleaching sensitivity and tooth shade lightening using a standard hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel was compared with the additional use of ozone either before or after application of H2O2. Using computer-generated tables, 45 participants were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 15 each) in this investigator-driven, single-centre trial. In Group 1, upper anterior teeth were bleached using ozone (produced via a healOzone X4 device) for 60 seconds, then 38% H2O2 for 20 minutes; in Group 2, 38% H2O2 application (20 min) was followed by ozone (60 s); air produced by the healOzone machine (60 s) followed by 38% H2O2 (20 min) was used in Group 3 (control). Bleaching sensitivity was evaluated via visual analogue scales, and a treatment-blinded reader objectively recorded tooth shades using a colorimeter before and 24 hours after bleaching (at α = 0.05). The H2O2/ozone combination did not result in pain sensations, while both ozone/H2O2 and H2O2 alone increased bleaching sensitivity (p < 0.001). Teeth achieved lighter shades (higher L*/lower b* values) after bleaching in all groups (p < 0.001), while Ozone boosted lighter tooth shades, irrespective of its use before or after H2O2 (p < 0.05). Due to the complimentary effects, applying ozone after H2O2 seems preferable for bleaching.
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Fernandes AMM, Vilela PGF, Valera MC, Bolay C, Hiller KA, Schweikl H, Schmalz G. Effect of bleaching agent extracts on murine macrophages. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1771-1781. [PMID: 29196947 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the influence of bleaching agents on immunologically cell surface antigens of murine macrophages in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to bleaching gel extracts (40% hydrogen peroxide or 20% carbamide peroxide) and different H2O2 concentrations after 1 and 24-h exposure periods and 1-h exposure and 23-h recovery. Tests were performed with and without N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The expression of surface markers CD14, CD40, and CD54 with and without LPS stimulation was detected by flow cytometry, while the production of TNF-α was measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Extracts of bleaching agents were cytotoxic for cells after a 1-h exposure; cells could not recover after 24 h. This effect can be mitigated by the antioxidant NAC and increased by BSO, an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. LPS stimulated expression of all surface markers and TNF-α production. Exposure to bleaching agent extracts and H2O2 leads to a reduction of TNF-α, CD14, and CD40 expression, while the expression of CD54 was upregulated at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Whereas NAC reduced this effect, it was increased in the presence of BSO. CONCLUSIONS Extracts of bleaching agents were irreversibly cytotoxic to macrophages after a 1-h exposure. Only the expression of CD54 was upregulated. The reactions are mediated by the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The addition of an antioxidant can downregulate unfavorable effects of dental bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletéia M M Fernandes
- Department of Health Sciences, Endodontics Division, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Anatomy and Pathology Division, Anhanguera University, Vergueiro, 235/249-Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Polyana G F Vilela
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology Division, São José dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777-Jardim Sao Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São José dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777-Jardim Sao Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Ferreira LL, Gomes-Filho JE, Benetti F, Carminatti M, Ervolino E, Briso ALF, Cintra LTA. The effect of dental bleaching on pulpal tissue response in a diabetic animal model: a study of immunoregulatory cytokines. Int Endod J 2017; 51:347-356. [PMID: 28857196 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of tooth bleaching on immunoregulatory cytokines production (IL-6, Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17) in the pulp tissue of normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight rats were divided into normoglycaemic and diabetic rats (n = 14). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced with a single dose of alloxan diluted in citrate buffer via intramuscular injection. After DM confirmation, all rats were sedated and tooth bleaching was performed using 35% hydrogen peroxide on the right maxillary molars for 30 min. Left molars were used as controls. Bleaching resulted in four hemimaxillae groups: normoglycaemic (N), N-bleached (NBle), diabetic (D) and D-bleached (DBle). After 2 and 30 days, rats were euthanized and hemimaxillae processed for analysis by haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. Results within and between animals were submitted to Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS At 2 days, the NBle group had mild, and the DBle had severe inflammatory infiltration in the pulpal tissue (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines were associated with increased immunolabelling in the bleached groups compared to nonbleached (P < 0.05). However, IL-17 had increased immunolabelling in the NBle compared to the N and DBle group (P < 0.05). At 30 days, reactionary dentine was observed in the coronal pulp of all bleached teeth and no inflammation was present (P > 0.05). TNF-α cytokines had increased immunolabelling in the DBle group compared to the D group (P < 0.05). However, for IL-6 and IL-17, no difference was observed in this period (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tooth bleaching increased IL-6 and TNF-α in the pulp tissue regardless of diabetes mellitus; however, diabetic rats had higher TNF-α levels for longer periods. Tooth bleaching influenced the increase in IL-17 in the early periods in normoglycaemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ferreira
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - J E Gomes-Filho
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - F Benetti
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Carminatti
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - E Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - A L F Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - L T A Cintra
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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