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Dai W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wei X, Osman AMY, Pompili C, Koller M, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ge J, Xie T, Li Q. Translation and adaptation of the EORTC QLQ-LC 29 for use in Chinese patients with lung cancer. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2021; 5:122. [PMID: 34757501 PMCID: PMC8581083 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-021-00397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The latest European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer 29 (QLQ-LC29) has been translated and validated in several languages but not yet in simplified Chinese. This study aimed to translate this questionnaire into simplified Chinese and adapt it for use in Chinese patients with lung cancer. Methods The translation and adaptation process followed the EORTC translation procedure, and consisted of eight steps, namely, translation preparation, forward translations, reconciled translation, back translations, a back translation report, proofreading, pilot testing, and finalisation. The pilot testing included 10 patients with lung cancer. Results We obtained the permission to perform the EORTC QLQ-LC29 translation work on November 17, 2020. Thereafter, it took 3 weeks to complete the forward translations, reconciled translation, and back translations. After several rounds of discussion with the EORTC Translation Unit, 19 items used the existing translations from the EORTC Item Library (a database of EORTC questionnaire items and their translations), and 10 items were translated from scratch. The 10 patients included in the pilot testing phase had a median age of 64 years (range 31–69 years); five were male, five had an educational level of high school or above, and six had undergone surgery. Eight items received comments from patients (six items by one patient alone and the other two items by three patients). No patients commented on the instructions or the format used for responses. After discussion with the EORTC Translation Unit, we modified the Chinese wording in item 50 to ensure that the meaning of “lifeless” was clear. No changes were made to the remaining items. Conclusions The simplified Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ-LC29 is now available on the EORTC website. This translation may contribute to the application of the EORTC QLQ-LC29 scale in both research and clinical practice in the Chinese population with lung cancer. Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the translated EORTC QLQ-LC29 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangjun Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ahmed M Y Osman
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Center for Social Science Survey and Data, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cecilia Pompili
- Section of Patient Centred Outcomes Research, Leeds Institute for Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianpeng Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Shrestha S, Shrestha S, Kc B, Sapkota B, Khadka A, Khanal S, Koller M. Translation and cultural adaptation of EORTC QLQ-LC 29 into Nepalese language for lung cancer patients in Nepal. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2020; 4:46. [PMID: 32556701 PMCID: PMC7300167 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-020-00205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The quality of life (QoL) of patients with lung cancer (LC) may be affected by disease-related limitations such as patients’ functioning, the severity of symptoms, financial problems resulting along with the side effects of the treatment. The objective of this study was to translate LC-specific QoL questionnaire EORTC QLQ-LC29 into Nepalese language for Nepalese LC patients. Methods In the process of translation, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) translations guidelines were followed. The translated questionnaire was pilot-tested in a sample of 15 patients with LC. Descriptive statistics were calculated with SPSS version 21.0. Results All steps of the EORTC translation guideline were followed successfully. Fifteen lung cancer patients were included in the pilot study. Sixty percent were male and the mean age was 49.87 (range 21–76 years). For all items not related to thoracic surgery, patients used the entire range of the response options from 1 to 4 and no missing responses were observed. The highest mean (indicating a high symptom burden) was observed for the item number. 35 (shortness of breath; Mean = 3.33, SD = 1.11) and the lowest mean for an item number. 45 (dizzy; Mean = 1.73, SD = 0.96). Conclusion The Nepalese version of EORTC QLQ-LC29 is a result of a successfully conducted rigorous translation procedure, and is highly comprehensible as well as acceptable to Nepalese LC patients. Thus, the Nepalese version of EORTC QLQ-LC29 is ready to be used in international clinical studies as well as in Nepalese clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Harisiddhi, Nepal.
| | - Sudip Shrestha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Harisiddhi, Nepal
| | - Bhuvan Kc
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Binaya Sapkota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nobel College, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anil Khadka
- Department of Public Health, Ohm College of Health Science, Affiliated to Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Chabahil, Nepal
| | - Saval Khanal
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Behavioural Science Group, Warwick Business School, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
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