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Padrón L, Bayod J, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias M, López-López D, Casado-Hernández I. Influence of the center of pressure on baropodometric gait pattern variations in the adult population with flatfoot: A case-control study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1147616. [PMID: 36970626 PMCID: PMC10035659 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1147616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adult flatfoot is considered an alteration in the foot bone structure characterized by a decrease or collapse of the medial arch during static or dynamic balance in the gait pattern. The aim of our research was to analyze the center of pressure differences between the population with adult flatfoot and the population with normal feet.Methods: A case-control study involving 62 subjects was carried out on 31 adults with bilateral flatfoot and 31 healthy controls. The gait pattern analysis data were collected employing a complete portable baropodometric platform with piezoresistive sensors.Results: Gait pattern analysis showed statistically significant differences in the cases group, revealing lower levels in the left foot loading response of the stance phase in foot contact time (p = 0.016) and contact foot percentage (p = 0.019).Conclusion: The adult population with bilateral flatfoot evidenced higher contact time data in the total stance phase compared to the control group, which seems to be linked to the presence of foot deformity in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Padrón
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering Group (AMB), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Bayod
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering Group (AMB), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel López-López
- Research Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
- *Correspondence: Daniel López-López,
| | - Israel Casado-Hernández
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Khan F, Chevidikunnan MF, Alsobhi MG, Ahmed IAI, Al-Lehidan NS, Rehan M, Alalawi HA, Abduljabbar AH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Various Radiological Measurements in the Evaluation and Differentiation of Flatfoot: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102288. [PMID: 36291977 PMCID: PMC9600622 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arch angle is used to indicate flatfoot, but in some cases, it is not easily defined. The presence of flatfoot deformity remains difficult to diagnose due to a lack of reliable radiographic assessment tools. Although various assessment methods for flatfoot have been proposed, there is insufficient evidence to prove the diagnostic accuracy of the various tools. The main purpose of the study was to determine the best radiographic measures for flatfoot concerning the arch angle. Fifty-two feet radiographs from thirty-two healthy young females were obtained. Five angles and one index were measured using weight-bearing lateral radiographs; including arch angle, calcaneal pitch (CP), talar-first metatarsal angle (TFM), lateral talar angle (LTA), talar inclination angle (TIA) and navicular index (NI). Receiver-operating characteristics were generated to evaluate the flatfoot diagnostic accuracy for all radiographic indicators and Matthews correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the cutoff value for each measure. The strongest correlation was between arch angle and CP angle [r = −0.91, p ≤ 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) (from −0.94 to −0.84)]. Also, significant correlations were found between arch angle and NI [r = 0.62, p ≤ 0.0001, 95% CI (0.42 to 0.76)], and TFM [r = 0.50, p ≤ 0.0001, 95% CI (from 0.266 to 0.68)]. Furthermore, CP (cutoff, 12.40) had the highest accuracy level with value of 100% sensitivity and specificity followed by NI, having 82% sensitivity and 89% specificity for the cutoff value of 9.90. In conclusion, CP angle is inversely correlated with arch angle and considered a significant indicator of flatfoot. Also, the NI is easy to define radiographically and could be used to differentiate flat from normal arched foot among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Ghazi Alsobhi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa Anees Ibrahim Ahmed
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Saleh Al-Lehidan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashim Abdullah Alalawi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Abduljabbar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
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Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Mikulakova W, Lizis S, Koziol K, Omorczyk J. Relationships between the Perception of Footwear Comfort and the Fear of Falls in People at the Early Period of Old Age. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35627804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the relationships between the perceptions of footwear comfort with fear of falls in younger-old women and men. Participants: the population sample involved 100 free-living community dwellers aged 65−74. Design: the Falls Efficacy Scale-International and a visual analogue scale to assess perception of footwear comfort were used as research tools. Results: there were statistically significant differences in the FES-I results in people who suffered a fall in the last year compared to those who did not experience a fall (p < 0.001), as well as in the subjective assessment of mediolateral control in people who have suffered and have not suffered a fall in the last year (p = 0.033). In women, statistically significant relationships were found in the subjective assessment of shoe comfort in terms of arch height (p = 0.025) and material properties of the footwear (p = 0.036) with the results of FES-I. Conclusions: People who have fallen show a higher level of fear of falling. The assessment of footwear comfort in terms of mediolateral control was lower in the younger-old who had experienced a fall in the last year. In women, a worse assessment of arch height and material properties of the footwear is accompanied by greater fear of falling.
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Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Koziol K, Omorczyk J. Perception of footwear comfort and its relationship with the foot structure among youngest-old women and men. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12385. [PMID: 34722004 PMCID: PMC8532988 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate footwear comfort and functionality are important regardless of age, but they become particularly important in the youngest-old women and men, mainly due to the fact that this age range is the initial period of old age with changes in shoe preferences. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of footwear comfort and its relationship with the feet structure in youngest-old women and men. Methods The cross-sectional study covered community dwellers living on their own aged 65–74 years (50 women; 50 men). The feet characteristics were measured using the CQ-ST podoscope (Electronic System, Ltd, EU), and the perception of footwear comfort was assessed with a visual analogue scale. The assessment took into account gender-specific footwear of a certain brand (Befado Dr orto). Results Statistically significant intergender differences were observed in the perception of footwear comfort with respect to the shoe heel width (p = 0.022), the arch height (p = 0.013), the overall comfort (p = 0.049) and the material properties of the footwear (p = 0.017). In women, there were statistically significant positive relationships among the heel angle (γ) and the perception of footwear comfort in terms of heel cushioning (p = 0.021), forefoot cushioning (p = 0.015), arch height (p = 0.029). In men, there was a statistically significant negative relationship of the left foot Clarke’s angle with the heel height (p = 0.043), and a positive relationship between the right foot width and the arch height (p = 0.044). Conclusions Youngest-old women, compared to men of the same age range, have a higher perception of shoe comfort in terms of the shoe heel width, the arch height, the overall comfort of the footwear and the material properties of the footwear. The appropriate profile and construction of the shoe allows for an increase in the contact surface of the foot with the shoe, hence the improvement in the perception of footwear comfort in people with lowered arch or widened forefoot.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaroslaw Omorczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Institute of Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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López-López D, Pérez-Ríos M, Ruano-Ravina A, Losa-Iglesias ME, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Romero-Morales C, Calvo-Lobo C, Navarro-Flores E. Impact of quality of life related to foot problems: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14515. [PMID: 34267276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot problems are highly prevalent conditions, being a frequent reason for medical and podiatric consultation. The aim of this study was to compare the differences of quality of life (QoL) related to foot health in people with and without the presence of foot problems. A case–control study was carried out in an outpatient centre, where a clinician recorded data related to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, self-reported data on foot health-related quality of life were recorded using the Spanish version of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 498 participants (249 cases and 249 controls), with a median age of 30 years and an interquartile range of 23 years. The differences between the groups were statistically significant for gender, age, footwear, general health, foot health, and physical activity. Cases showed lower scores for the domain of footwear, physical activity and vitality compared to controls. Foot pathologies have a negative impact on quality of life related to foot health, and the domains of footwear, general health and physical activity seem to be the factors that are associated with the presence of alterations and foot deformities.
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Maden T, Bayramlar K, Maden C, Yakut Y. Investigating the effects of appropriate fitting footwear on functional performance level, balance and fear of falling in older adults: A comparative-observational study. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:331-335. [PMID: 33561615 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the characteristics of footwear altogether and to compare the effect of appropriate-fitting and ill-fitting footwear on functional performance, balance, and fear of falling (FoF) in older adults. Individuals who wore appropriate-fitting (n = 61) or ill-fitting footwear (n = 92) were enrolled in the study. Footwear was evaluated using the Footwear Assessment Scale (FAS). The participants were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance, the Timed Up and Go test for functional performance and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale for FoF. Tests were conducted twice for each individual with or without footwear. Differences between the groups were analyzed using the MANOVA for scores of balance, performance and fear of falling and Chi-squared test for homogeneity. The Paired t-test was used to compare test scores with or without footwear. It was concluded that appropriate-fitting footwear improves balance, reduces fear of falling and may affect functional performance positively. ClinicalTrials.gov No: NCT04151654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Maden
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Kezban Bayramlar
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Cagtay Maden
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Yavuz Yakut
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Chicharro-Luna E, Ortega-Avila AB, Requena-Martínez A, Gijon-Nogueron G. Fit for purpose? Footwear for patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A cross-sectional study. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:145-149. [PMID: 32863150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper determines whether patients with and without Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy use suitable footwear, taking into account that these persons are subject to a significant loss of sensitivity in the feet. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study was conducted of 108 participants with diabetes mellitus. Inclusion criteria were at least five years' progression of diabetes, the ability to walk unaided and no distal amputation of the foot. The presence of DPN was evaluated according to the criteria of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Foot length was measured using a Brannock® device and internal shoe length was determined using a CEGI® pedometer. RESULTS In relation to adjustment, 21.6% of the shoes examined had no type of closure. The most common form of closure was laces, which were used in 32.4% of the shoes. 92.5% of footwear had internal seams. No significant relationship was found between the presence or otherwise of DPN and the use of appropriate shoe closure (p = 0.304), recommended heel height (p = 0.18), leather material (p = 0.77) and absence of internal seams (p = 0.759). CONCLUSIONS The majority of our participants living with DPN do not wear fitting shoes. Therefore, it is advisable to evaluate their use of footwear, both in primary health care and in podiatry clinics, to forestall potential complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chicharro-Luna
- Department of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Ortega-Avila
- Department of Nursing, University of Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | | | - Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron
- Department of Nursing, University of Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Abstract
The foot changes with age. Foot disorders in older adults are associated with falls, lower limb ulcers, and pain. Physical examination of the feet as part of the routine assessment of older adults is imperative to detect foot problems. Foot pain and pathologies are common in older adults. Regular foot care is important to prevent these issues. However, some older adults may find it difficult to complete foot care, including cutting toenails. Regular foot examination can detect common foot problems, functional decline, and is recommended for preventing falls. We describe a technique for performing a focused examination of the feet for older adults. This review addresses current podiatric issues in older patient populations and describes a method for foot examination to address the needs of older adults that can be incorporated into patient assessments in any clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn James
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Ariela R Orkaby
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine/Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrea Wershof Schwartz
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine/Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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Jalali A, Azadinia F, Jalali M, Saeedi H, Shahabi S, Rajabi Moghadam A. Evaluating shoe fit in older adults using a 3D scanner: a cross-sectional observational study. Footwear Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1790671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azin Jalali
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadinia
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saeedi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rajabi Moghadam
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Domínguez-Muñoz FJ, Garcia-Gordillo MA, Diaz-Torres RA, Hernandez-Mocholi MÁ, Villafaina S, Collado-Mateo D, Jiménez-Fernández C, Igual-Fraile D, Pérez-Escanilla F, Martín-Gómez G, Adsuar JC, Gusi N. Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) in Spanish People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Preliminary Values Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3643. [PMID: 32455874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. T2DM affects millions of people, and has a lot of complications such as impaired sensation in the feet. Moreover, it is important to know the health of the feet of people with T2DM. The aim of this study is to know the preliminary values of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) in people with T2DM. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 patients with T2DM with an average age of 65.56 years, divided in 54 men and 33 women, participated in this cross-sectional study. The main outcome was the health of the foot as measured by the FHSQ questionnaire. This questionnaire collects data on eight dimensions: Foot Pain, Foot Function, Shoe, General Foot Health, General Health, Physical Activity, Social Capacity, and Vigor. Results: Patients with T2DM have lower values in Foot Pain; median values in General Foot Health and high values in Foot Function, Shoe, Physical Activity and Social Capacity. Some of these dimensions are affected by age, diabetes control, Body Mass Index (BMI), and years of diagnosis. Females with T2DM have more problems than males in the Shoe, General Foot Health, Physical Activity and Vigor dimensions. Conclusions: this research gives us preliminary values of the FHSQ in Spanish patients with T2DM and divided by gender, age, diabetes control, BMI, and years of diagnosis in people with T2DM.
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Jellema AH, Huysmans T, Hartholt K, van der Cammen TJM. Shoe design for older adults: Evidence from a systematic review on the elements of optimal footwear. Maturitas 2019; 127:64-81. [PMID: 31351522 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to changes in foot morphology and the occurrence of foot deformities and foot pain with ageing, older people frequently wear ill-fitting shoes. This can lead to discomfort and reduced mobility. A review of the literature was performed in Medline, Scopus and Embase with three aims: (a) to evaluate the effects of shoes or shoe elements on the comfort and mobility of older adults, (b) to summarise the evidence-based elements of a safe and comfortable shoe for older adults, and (c) from that, to compile those elements into design recommendations for a safe and comfortable shoe for older adults. Safe elements of footwear include proper anatomical fit, a well-fitting toe box, limited heel height, a broad enough heel, a firm insole and midsole, an outsole with sufficient tread, bevelled heel, firm heel counter with snug fit, and an easy and effective closing mechanism. We conclude that there is a need for shoe design specifically aimed at the foot morphology and demands of older people. The shoe market should increase the availability of well-fitting shoes designed for the older foot and person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton H Jellema
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Toon Huysmans
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Hartholt
- Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Tischa J M van der Cammen
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Yamashita T, Yamashita K, Rinoie C, Takase Y, Sato M, Yamada K, Sawa Y. Improvements in lower-limb muscle strength and foot pressure distribution with foot care in frail elderly adults: a randomized controlled trial from Japan. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:83. [PMID: 30871498 PMCID: PMC6419511 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities in the feet and toenails are common among the elderly and may increase the risk of falls. This study aimed to investigate the changes in toe-gap force, knee-gap force, foot pressure distribution, the ability to perform activities of daily living, subjects’ feelings and behaviors, and physical function resulting from daily lifestyle modification and foot care. Methods The study participants included 74 elderly adults (mean age 80.3 ± 7.5 years) with foot problems who had been divided into three groups based on Japan’s nursing care insurance system levels: certified ineligible for support, eligible for support, or eligible for long-term care. Additionally, a control group of 106 elderly adults in good health was recruited. The differences between the intervention and control groups was examined using the Student’s t-test, and differences between the three intervention subgroups and the control group were examined using one-way analysis of variance. Results After intervention, abnormalities in the participants’ feet and toenails improved. Significant increases in lower-limb muscle strength were observed, and foot pressure distribution had improved. The foot-care intervention significantly improved lower-limb muscle strength and decreased the risk of falling, even in elderly adults whose physical function had deteriorated. Conclusion In frail elderly adults, care of the feet and toenails can improve lower-limb muscle strength and foot pressure distribution. In addition, the individuals’ social participation increased, and their behavior improved. Trial registration University hospital Medical Information Network- Clinical Trials (UMIN-CTR) with the number: UMIN000034742. Registration date: 11/01/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chugo Rinoie
- Department of Podiatric Surgery, Methodist Hospital of Southern California, 300 W Huntington Drive, Arcadia, California, 91007, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Takase
- Takase Clinic, 1-16-6 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 146-0092, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sato
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, 1865 Tookaichibacho, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Buldt AK, Menz HB. Incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders: a systematic search and narrative review of the literature. J Foot Ankle Res 2018; 11:43. [PMID: 30065787 PMCID: PMC6064070 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-018-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Correct footwear fitting is acknowledged as being vitally important, as incorrectly fitted footwear has been linked to foot pathology. The aim of this narrative review was to determine the prevalence of incorrectly fitted footwear and to examine the association between incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders. Methods A database search of Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL yielded 1,681 citations for title and abstract review. Eighteen articles were included. Findings were summarised under the categories of (i) children, (ii) adults, (ii) older people, (iii) people with diabetes and (iii) occupation- or activity-specific footwear. Differences in footwear fitting between sexes were also explored. Results Between 63 and 72% of participants were wearing shoes that did not accommodate either width or length dimensions of their feet. There was also evidence that incorrect footwear fitting was associated with foot pain and foot disorders such as lesser toe deformity, corns and calluses. Specific participant groups, such as children with Down syndrome and older people and people with diabetes were more likely to wear shoes that were too narrow (between 46 and 81%). Conclusion A large proportion of the population wear incorrectly sized footwear, which is associated with foot pain and foot disorders. Greater emphasis should be placed on both footwear fitting education and the provision of an appropriately large selection of shoes that can accommodate the variation in foot morphology among the population, particularly in relation to foot width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Buldt
- 1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia.,2Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- 1La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia.,2Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
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López-López D, Painceira-Villar R, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias M, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Palomo-López P, Calvo-Lobo C. Impact of the mechanical hyperkeratotic lesions and its association with quality of life: An observational case-control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1549-1553. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. López-López
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry; Research, Health and Podiatry Unit; Universidade da Coruña; Ferrol Spain
| | - R. Painceira-Villar
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry; Research, Health and Podiatry Unit; Universidade da Coruña; Ferrol Spain
| | | | | | - D. Rodríguez-Sanz
- School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Physical Therapy & Health Sciences Research group Department; Faculty of Sports Sciences; European University of Madrid; Villaviciosa de Odón Madrid Spain
| | - P. Palomo-López
- University Center of Plasencia; Universidad de Extremadura; Plasencia Spain
| | - C. Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department; Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED); Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad de León; Ponferrada León Spain
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15
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Pérez-Pico AM, Marcos-Tejedor F, Iglesias-Sánchez MJ, Acevedo RM. Importance of Footwear for Preventing Xerosis and Hyperkeratosis in Older People with Psychiatric Disorders Living in an Institution. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E584. [PMID: 29587357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the relation between the use and characteristics of footwear and the presence of foot lesions in people with psychiatric disorders. This work analyzes the influence of different footwear habits on the presence of deformities and ungueal and dermal pathologies of the foot of institutionalized people with psychiatric disorders compared to people without these disorders. A transversal and observational study was conducted on 107 participants, divided into two groups who have used different types of shoes throughout their lives. The control group comprised 63 autonomous people who mainly use leather footwear and a study group of 44 institutionalized people with intellectual disabilities and psychiatric disorders who mainly use textile footwear. There were significant differences between populations. The group with psychiatric disorders presented more xerosis and hyperkeratosis. Footwear with inappropriate characteristics is a possible causal agent of skin alterations. Wearing footwear with quality textile uppers, e.g., fabric or felt, could influence the appearance of these alterations. Leather footwear is recommended for institutionalized people to reduce symptoms of xerosis and improve their quality of life.
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López-López D, Grela-Fariña M, Losa-Iglesias ME, Calvo-Lobo C, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Palomo-López P, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R. Clinical Aspects of Foot Health in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E286. [PMID: 29414905 PMCID: PMC5858355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows a marked presence of physiologic changes and the start or aggravation of underlying diseases such as physical frailty in diverse anatomical regions. It is believed to have a particularly harmful effect on the health of the foot. We examined the foot health status in older persons with AD, with a specific focus on the extent to which people with AD may be using inadequate footwear in old age. Seventy-three community-dwelling people with probable, mild to moderate AD aged 65-95 years were recruited from a center of excellence for AD. A single trained physician evaluated health status and foot conditions. Current shoe and foot length and width measurements were taken using a calibrated Brannock device. The results indicate that sixty-five participants (89.04%) suffered from feet problems. Also, only twenty-two subjects (30.14%) used the correct shoes in width and size related with the morphology of their feet. Fifty-one participants (69.86%) were using incorrect shoes in length or width. The present study revealed that peoples with AD had a high presence of foot health problems. Also, the use of inappropriate shoes revealed measurable differences of association between shoe size and the morphology of the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Marta Grela-Fariña
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.
| | | | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain.
| | - David Rodríguez-Sanz
- Research Group, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
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