GROUNDED THEORY: USE IN SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN BRAZILIAN NURSING JOURNALS WITH QUALIS A CLASSIFICATION

Palliative care management by caregivers in home care: theoretical validation in a conversation circle

OBJECTIVES

to present the validation process of a Grounded Theory on the management of palliative care at home by a caregiver of a family member who experiences a death/dying process.

METHODS

a qualitative, explanatory research, which validated a theoretical matrix through a conversation circle containing 15 family caregivers and nine healthcare professionals, in December 2018.

RESULTS

forty-six propositions were validated regarding family caregivers' contextual, causal, intervening conditions, consequences and action strategies to deal with the dying and death process of a family member. Conversation circles encouraged dialogue and (re)signification of the senses and knowledge of those involved, proving to be a way of educating and promoting the exercise of citizenship by participants.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

the conversation circle made it possible for participants to interact and share information and experiences regarding home care for palliative patients and their families.

Gestão de cuidados paliativos por cuidadores na atenção domiciliar: validação teórica em roda de conversa

RESUMO Objetivos: apresentar o processo de validação de uma Teoria Fundamenta nos Dados sobre a gestão do cuidado paliativo domiciliar pelo cuidador de um familiar que vivencia processo de morte/morrer. Métodos: pesquisa do tipo explicativa, qualitativa, que validou uma matriz teórica por meio de uma roda de conversa contendo 15 cuidadores familiares e nove profissionais de saúde, em dezembro de 2018. Resultados: foram validadas 46 proposições relativas a condições contextuais, causais, intervenientes, consequências e estratégias de ação de cuidadores familiares para lidar com o processo de morrer e morte do familiar. A roda de conversa impulsionou o diálogo e a (re)significação dos sentidos e dos saberes dos envolvidos, demonstrando ser uma forma de educar e propiciar o exercício da cidadania dos participantes. Considerações Finais: a roda de conversa possibilitou a interação dos participantes e o compartilhamento de informações e experiências diante do cuidado domiciliar de pacientes paliativos e seus familiares.

Methodological path to reach the degree of saturation in qualitative research: grounded theory

OBJECTIVES

to achieve the degree of saturation in study that applied the grounded theory.

METHODS

qualitative research, carried out in four Family Health Units, between June 2018 and May 2019. The data from the interviews with 30 health professionals and non-participant observation were coded in the stages: open, axial and integration.

RESULTS

the degree of saturation was achieved by two conceptual models - theoretical saturation and inductive thematic. Theoretical saturation was considered: the development of conceptual codes and observation, in the collection and analysis of data, when they generated new categories/subcategories or only indicated increasing instances. For thematic inductive saturation, the use of new codes based on each interview stood out.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

the visual layout for the number of codes, the theoretical scope of the concepts and the delimitation of the sample groups guided the identification of the degree of saturation for the development of the conceptual body that supported the substantive theory.

Theoretical sampling process in a Straussian Grounded Theory study

OBJETIVE

Describing the theoretical sampling process in the development of a Grounded Theory based on the Straussian strand. The objective of the field research, used as an example, was to develop a substantive theory, based on the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism, about the perceptions and experiences of patients, family members, and health professionals regarding the presence of the family during emergency care.

METHOD

In the theoretical sampling, 42 participants were recruited, divided into nine sample groups, constituted based on the constant comparative method.

RESULTS

The description of this example allowed to identify how theoretical sampling guided data collection, which occurred through the in-depth study of concepts and the search for answers to questions arising from the data.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

It is expected that the readers find subsidies to understand how theoretical sampling is conducted in a Grounded Theory study, based on the Straussian strand, and thus be able to apply it.

Constructivist Grounded Theory: characteristics and operational aspects for nursing research

This is a theoretical analysis of Constructivist Grounded Theory and its application in nursing research. It is organized in three topics: Characteristics of Grounded Theory; Philosophical basis of the constructivist strand; and Constructivist Grounded Theory data analysis particularities. The unique characteristics of Grounded Theory that set it apart from other approaches are simultaneous data collection and analyses, theoretical sampling, constant comparison at each stage of analysis, development of memos for reflexive and comparative analysis, and a coding system with an initial and a focused stage that is flexible and guides the analytical process of building a theory. Before embarking on a Constructivist Grounded Theory study, the literature is reviewed to hone the research question. The philosophical assumptions of symbolic interactionism and social constructivism influence the entire process. Constructivist Grounded Theory emphasizes the construction and interpretation of data recognizing social contexts, interaction, the point of view of participants, and their understandings according to the investigation time, place and situation.

Forty days of regulatory emergency use authorisation of COVID-19 vaccines: Interfacing efficacy, hesitancy and SDG target 3.8

The year 2020 will be synonymous with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for many global citizens. Millions have died from and tens of millions more have been infected globally by the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to an urgent search for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments by the scientific and political communities and civil society. Through elements of events study and document and critical discourse analysis, this paper investigates the COVID-19 vaccines' regulatory emergency use authorisation and/or conditional marketing authorisation (regulatory authorisation) regimes and the contestations thereof. The key finding is that there was a regulatory authorisation rush, with at least 62, mostly high-income countries, doing so in 40 days from 2 December 2020-10 January 2021. This has led to one senior USA official describing the United Kingdom pioneer regulatory authorisation of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine as 'too quick'. Regulatory authorisation regimes took place amid severe civil society contestations and appropriate political pressure. The paper recommends that as the COVID-19 vaccines' regulatory authorisation continue in 2021, national vaccines and treatments regulatory bodies must be informed by science, with governments, civil society, politicians and other key stakeholders taking responsibility to educate the masses and continue taking the necessary precautions.