1
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Santos RP, Moreira SSJ, Bezerra LGP, Cavalcante YCS, Pereira AG, Matos TM, Oliveira MF, Silva AR. Comparison between commercial media and TRIS-egg yolk extender in the refrigerated storage of collared peccary semen at 17°C. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 265:107478. [PMID: 38663148 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
To assist in the conservation of collared peccary, it is important to strengthen semen processing protocols. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different commercial extenders (BTS; NUTRIXcell+ and PRIMXcell Ultra) and TRIS + egg yolk on the functional and morphological aspects of collared peccary semen stored at 17 °C for 48 hours. Ten ejaculates obtained by electroejaculation were divided into 4 aliquots and diluted in the respective extenders, then stored in a biological incubator at 17 °C for 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. The samples were evaluated for kinetic parameters, membrane functionality, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, morphology, and sperm-binding capacity. At the end of storage (48 h), promising results were found for motility parameters, with TRIS + egg yolk (71.0 ± 4.6%) being more efficient than NUTRIXcell+ (38.9 ± 10.9%) (P < 0.05) and similar to BTS (42.9 ± 11.9%) and PRIMXcell Ultra (46.8 ± 10.8%). The results for membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were around ∼30-50%, with TRIS being the only extender to preserve both parameters (58.9 ± 5.3 and 59.2 ± 5.6%) for up to 48 hours, respectively (P < 0.05). Finally, the extenders could guarantee 60% membrane functionality and ∼ 60-70% normal sperm morphology, as well as similar binding capacity among the groups. In conclusion, TRIS + egg yolk is effective in preserving the sperm parameters of collared peccary semen at 17 °C for 48 hours, while PRIMXcell Ultra and BTS are viable alternatives for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romário P Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Samara S J Moreira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luana G P Bezerra
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Yasmim C S Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana G Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Tayná M Matos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Moacir F Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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2
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Hu B, Zhang H, Li Y, Xue Q, Yang M, Cao C, Gao L, Chu G, Cai R, Zheng Y, Pang W. Kojic acid inhibits pig sperm apoptosis and improves capacitated sperm state during liquid preservation at 17°C. Mol Reprod Dev 2024; 91:e23738. [PMID: 38462735 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The parameters of sperm apoptosis and capacitation during liquid storage at 17°C can indicate the quality of pig sperm and the potential development of early embryos. However, the effect of kojic acid (KA) on semen preservation and its mechanism has not been fully understood. In this study, we discovered that adding KA to the diluent improved the antioxidant capacity of sperm mitochondria, maintained the normal structure of sperm mitochondria, and reduced sperm apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that KA prevented the release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, reduced the expression of pro-apoptosis proteins cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase-9, and increased the expression of the antiapoptosis protein Bcl-XL. Furthermore, KA also enhanced the motility parameters, oxidative phosphorylation level, adenosine triphosphate level, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation of capacitated sperm, while preserving the acrosome integrity and plasma membrane integrity of capacitated sperm. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into the molecular mechanism of how KA inhibits porcine sperm apoptosis and improves capacitated sperm parameters. Additionally, it suggests that KA can serve as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haize Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menghao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoyue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Morrell JM, Cojkic A, Malaluang P, Ntallaris T, Lindahl J, Hansson I. Antibiotics in semen extenders - a multiplicity of paradoxes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2024; 36:RD23218. [PMID: 38447204 DOI: 10.1071/rd23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Addition of antibiotics to semen extenders was taken for granted for many years, from the time that commercial artificial insemination in livestock first began many decades ago. However, there is now a growing realisation that this non-therapeutic utilisation of antibacterial agents is contrary to current recommendations for prudent use that medical and veterinary professionals are advised to follow. Furthermore, antibiotics are not benign, having negative effects on sperm samples, the inseminated female, personnel and potentially the environment. The purpose of this review is three-fold: to highlight the fact that antibiotics are used in semen extenders, with the result that considerable amounts are used globally in animal breeding, to review recent studies on the negative aspects of using antibiotics for this purpose, and to look at possible alternatives. Recent changes in the legislation regarding semen extenders occurred in some, but not all, countries, leaving question marks for semen producers as to whether antibiotics should be added to semen extenders or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Morrell
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Aleksandar Cojkic
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Pongpreecha Malaluang
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Ntallaris
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansson
- Animal Biosciences, SLU, Box 7054, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
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Lyngdoh ME, Chettri J, Kharchandy VF, Sheel R, Choudhury AR, Sarkar B, Pattanayak A, Deori S, Abedin SN, Kadirvel G. Synthesis of green zinc-oxide nanoparticles and its dose-dependent beneficial effect on spermatozoa during preservation: sperm functional integrity, fertility and antimicrobial activity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1326143. [PMID: 38464542 PMCID: PMC10920225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1326143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The development of an effective extender is important for semen preservation and the artificial insemination (AI) industry. This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as an additive to semen extenders to improve semen quality, fertility, and antibacterial activity during liquid preservation in a boar model. Methods: Initially, to find out the safe concentration of ZnO-NPs in sperm cells, a wide range of ZnO-NP concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 μM) were co-incubated with sperm at 37°C for a cytotoxic study. These NP concentrations were compared to their salt control zinc acetate (ZA) at the same concentrations and to a control group. The effect of the different concentrations of ZnO-NPs on sperm motility, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis was assessed. Accordingly, the non-toxic dose was selected and supplemented in MODENA extender to determine its beneficial effect on the boar semen parameters mentioned and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels during liquid preservation at 16°C for 6 days. The non-cytotoxic dosage was subsequently chosen for AI, fertility investigations, and the evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO-NPs during preservation hours. An antibacterial study of ZnO-NPs and its salt control at doses of 10 μM and 50 μM was carried out by the colony forming unit (CFU) method. Results and discussion: The cytotoxic study revealed that 5, 10, and 50 μM of ZnO-NPs are safe. Consequently, semen preserved in the MODENA extender, incorporating the non-toxic dose, exhibited 10 and 50 μM ZnO-NPs as the optimal concentrations for beneficial outcomes during liquid preservation at 16°C. ZnO-NPs of 10 μM concentration resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) improved conception rate of 86.95% compared to the control of 73.13%. ZnO-NPs of 10 and 50 μM concentrations exhibit potent antimicrobial action by reducing the number of colonies formed with days of preservation in comparison to the negative control. The investigation concluded that the incorporation of 10 μM ZnO-NPs led to enhancements in sperm motility, membrane integrity, and MMP, attributed to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. This improvement was accompanied by a concurrent increase in fertility rates, including farrowing rate and litter size, during the liquid preservation process. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs exhibited an antimicrobial effect, resulting in decreased bacterial growth while preserving boar semen at 16°C for 6 days. These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs could serve as a viable alternative to antibiotics, potentially mitigating antibiotic resistance concerns within the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Chettri
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - Vivian F. Kharchandy
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - Rishav Sheel
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Biplab Sarkar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Sourabh Deori
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - Sayed Nabil Abedin
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - G. Kadirvel
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
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Ďuračka M, Benko F, Chňapek M, Tvrdá E. Strategies for Bacterial Eradication from Human and Animal Semen Samples: Current Options and Future Alternatives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6978. [PMID: 37571761 PMCID: PMC10422635 DOI: 10.3390/s23156978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The primary role of semen processing and preservation is to maintain a high proportion of structurally and functionally competent and mature spermatozoa, that may be used for the purposes of artificial reproduction when needed, whilst minimizing any potential causes of sperm deterioration during ex vivo semen handling. Out of a multitude of variables determining the success of sperm preservation, bacterial contamination has been acknowledged with an increased interest because of its often unpredictable and complex effects on semen quality. Whilst antibiotics are usually the most straight-forward option to prevent the bacterial contamination of semen, antimicrobial resistance has become a serious threat requiring widespread attention. As such, besides discussing the consequences of bacteriospermia on the sperm vitality and the risks of antibiotic overuse in andrology, this paper summarizes the currently available evidence on alternative strategies to prevent bacterial contamination of semen prior to, during, and following sperm processing, selection, and preservation. Alternative antibacterial supplements are reviewed, and emphasis is given to modern methods of sperm selection that may be combined by the physical removal of bacteria prior to sperm preservation or by use in assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ďuračka
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Filip Benko
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Milan Chňapek
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eva Tvrdá
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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6
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Dos Santos RP, Silva AR. Sperm Cooling as an Assisted Reproduction Tool for Wildlife: An Underrated Technology. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:388-396. [PMID: 35856795 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for assisted reproduction techniques applied to the conservation and even the genetic improvement of wild species is becoming increasingly common. Regarding conservation of male gametes from wild animals, although current advances are focused on cryopreservation, the development of protocols for sperm refrigeration seems to be underrated, despite its various advantages and applications. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the importance of short-term conservation of sperm from wild mammals, report the development of state-of-the-art refrigeration protocols for both ejaculated and epididymal sperm, and evaluate the challenges and prospects of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romário Parente Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of the Semiarid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory for Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of the Semiarid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
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Santos MVO, Silva AM, Aquino LVC, Oliveira LRM, Moreira SSJ, Oliveira MF, Silva AR, Pereira AF. Different Methods for Seminal Plasma Removal and Sperm Selection on the Quality and Fertility of Collared Peccary Sperm. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1955. [PMID: 37370465 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods for seminal plasma (SP) removal and the selection of collared peccary sperm for fertilization were compared. The experiments evaluated the following: the (I) impact of centrifugation for SP removal before swim-up for sperm selection and (II) a comparison of different Percoll® gradient densities (PG 45-90% and PG 35-70%). Non-selected sperm served as the control. Sperm quality was assessed based on motility patterns, morphology, membrane functional integrity, viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and DNA integrity. Subsequently, the most successful group in the previous experiment and washing by centrifugation (WC) were compared for motility patterns and fertilization using pig oocytes. Swim-up decreased motility and enhanced ROS compared to the control. Centrifugation before swim-up harmed integrity and viability compared to the control. PG 45-90% (96.8 vs. 69.7 vs. 40.7 µm/s) allowed for a better velocity average pathway (VAP), a better velocity straight line, and better linearity (LIN) than those of the control and PG 35-70% (88.4 vs. 56.0 vs. 27.3 µm/s). Thus, PG 45-90% was used for fertilization. PG 45-90% obtained a higher VAP, a higher amplitude of the lateral head, straightness, and higher LIN than those of the control and WC. Cleavage (25.2-26.3%) and morula (8.1-10.5%) rates did not differ between the groups. Therefore, PG 45-90% and WC were efficient in isolating collared peccary sperm capable of fertilizing pig oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V O Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Leonardo V C Aquino
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Lhara R M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Samara S J Moreira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Moacir F Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Morphophysiology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
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8
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Win Maung EE, Sushadi PS, Asano A. Polymyxin B neutralizes endotoxin and improves the quality of chicken semen during liquid storage. Theriogenology 2023; 198:107-113. [PMID: 36577162 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite its importance in gamete utilization for livestock production, poultry semen cryopreservation in a liquid state, is limited in the poultry industry due to a significant decline in sperm viability and functionality during liquid storage. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is released from gram-negative bacteria and impairs sperm function in mammals. Using exogeneous LPS, we show this endotoxin compromises sperm viability and function, including motility and penetrability to the inner peri-vitelline layer (IPVL) during liquid storage at 4 °C. This outcome was supported by LPS quantification showing an extreme increase in the first 24 h of storage. Polymyxin B (PMB) is an LPS neutralizer previously shown to improve fertility in boar semen, thus we explored the effect of PMB on chicken semen quality during liquid storage. Sperm viability and penetrability tests showed that PMB completely abolishes the deleterious effect by LPS. However, co-addition of PMB with penicillin G (PenG), an antibiotic against gram positive bacteria, reduces IPVL-penetrability while improving sperm viability post-storage. Furthermore, artificial insemination trials showed that PMB addition improves semen fertility at the post liquid storage. Our results show that chicken semen quality during liquid storage is impaired by bacterial LPS, but improved by PMB addition due to cancelled endotoxic effects, which offers a new approach for prolonged fertility of poultry semen storage in a liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Ei Win Maung
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Pangda Sopha Sushadi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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9
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Moreira SSJ, Santos CS, Castelo TS, Bezerra LGP, Praxedes ÉCG, Matos TM, Souza-Junior JBF, Feijó FMC, Comizzoli P, Silva AR. Investigating the need for antibiotic supplementation to the extender used for semen cryopreservation in collared peccaries. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:954921. [PMID: 36118351 PMCID: PMC9478795 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.954921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of semen freezing extender supplementation with antibiotics on bacterial load of semen samples, sperm functional and morphological metrics in the collared peccary. Fresh ejaculates from 10 males were extended in Tris-egg yolk-glycerol supplemented or not (control) with gentamicin (70 μg/mL) streptomycin-penicillin (SP; 1 mg/mL−1000 IU/mL) or and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Bacterial load, sperm motility patterns, morphology, membrane functionality and integrity, mitochondrial activity, chromatin integrity and sperm-binding ability were evaluated in fresh and frozen-thawed samples. Regardless of the use of antibiotics, the sole cryopreservation provoked a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in bacterial load compared to fresh samples (from average values > 1 x 106 CFU/mL to <0.4 × 106 CFU/mL). Post-thawing sperm kinetic parameters were not affected by the absence or presence of different antibiotics, except for beat cross frequency that was significantly (P < 0.05) impaired by SP supplementation compared to the group without antibiotics. After thawing, sperm morphology, membrane functionality and integrity, and mitochondrial activity were also not affected by the presence or absence of antibiotics; however, a significant decrease was observed in the group without antibiotics (P < 0.05) in comparison to fresh samples. Regarding sperm-binding ability, there were no differences among the different groups. While collared peccary semen could be efficiently cryopreserved in the absence of antibiotics in the extender, the use of both gentamicin or the streptomycin-penicillin combination is recommended as effective antibiotic supplementation for a further control of bacterial loads without affecting sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara S. J. Moreira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Caio S. Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Thibério S. Castelo
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Luana G. P. Bezerra
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Érica C. G. Praxedes
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Tayná M. Matos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - João B. F. Souza-Junior
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexandre R. Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandre R. Silva
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