Programas de intervenção para crianças, adolescentes e pais a vivenciar o cancro parental: scoping review

Adolescents and parents experiencing parental cancer: construction of a nursing intervention model

OBJECTIVE

To develop a nursing intervention model for adolescents and parents experiencing parental cancer.

METHOD

Multimethod research, which integrated five studies: a scoping review and four qualitative studies. Considering the results of these studies, a nursing intervention model was constructed based on two theoretical frameworks, such as the A Model of Children's Adjustment to Parental Cancer, for adolescents, and Neuman Systems Model, for parents, and on a semantic framework, such as Nursing Ontology.

RESULTS

The model is aimed at three target audiences: individual - parental figure with cancer; individual - adolescent; and family - parental figure with cancer, second parental figure and adolescent. The model is based on health literacy and includes four topics that address central topics in the experience of parental cancer: "The elephant in the room"; "Everything changes in us"; "Life goes on"; and "With the present, we plan the future".

CONCLUSION

The proposed model is assumed as a health promotion strategy that empowers nurses for a family-centered intervention, in order to minimize the impact of parental cancer.

A case study of an adolescent according to A Model of Children's Adjustment to Parental Cancer

OBJECTIVE

To describe and analyze the experience of an adolescent experiencing parental cancer, based on A Model of Children's Adjustment to Parental Cancer, and to prescribe nursing interventions in classified language.

METHOD

This is a single case study, qualitative, of a 16-year-old adolescent experiencing maternal cancer. We analyzed a semi-structured interview, based on a script conceptualized by the selected theoretical model. Data processing took place through content analysis. Authorization was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee TI 25/2020.

RESULTS

The analysis of the adolescent's interview allowed identifying categories in agreement with the model variables. Psychosocial adjustment dimensions and stress response symptoms, such as academic performance and somatic symptoms, were recognized in the adolescent's adjustment process. Nursing interventions will focus on education and support.

CONCLUSION

The theoretical model contributed to assess the needs of adolescents experiencing parental cancer, allowing nursing interventions to be prescribed in classified language that consider moderating and mediating variables, promoting adjustment. The model proved to be suitable for future interventions for adolescents experiencing similar situations.

Estudo de caso de um adolescente segundo o Modelo Teórico do Ajuste ao Cancro Parental

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever e analisar experiência de um adolescente a vivenciar cancro parental, fundamentado no Modelo Teórico do Ajuste dos Adolescentes ao Cancro Parental, e prescrever intervenções de enfermagem em linguagem classificada. Método: estudo de caso único, tipo qualitativo, de adolescente de 16 anos de idade a vivenciar cancro da mãe. Analisou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, baseada em um roteiro concetualizado pelo modelo teórico selecionado. Tratamento de dados ocorreu através de análise de conteúdo. Obteve-se autorização da Comissão de Ética TI 25/2020. Resultados: a análise da entrevista do adolescente permitiu identificar categorias concordantes com as variáveis do modelo. As dimensões de ajuste psicossocial e sintomas de resposta ao estress, como performance acadêmica e sintomas somáticos, foram reconhecidas no processo de ajuste do adolescente. As intervenções de enfermagem serão focadas na educação e apoio. Conclusão o modelo teórico contribuiu para avaliar as necessidades do adolescente a vivenciar cancro parental, permitindo prescrever intervenções de enfermagem em linguagem classificada que considerem variáveis moderadoras e mediadoras, promovendo-se o ajuste. O modelo demonstrou ser adequado para futuras intervenções a adolescentes a experienciar situações semelhantes.