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Alchorne MMDA, Conceição KDC, Barraza LL, Milanez Morgado de Abreu MA. Dermatology in black skin. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:327-341. [PMID: 38310012 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of publications in dermatology refer to lightly pigmented skin, with few addressing the peculiarities of black skin. In addition there is no consensus on what it means to be black in different regions of the world. The lack of knowledge on the subject makes it difficult to recognize and manage dermatoses in this type of skin. This article aims to review the literature on intrinsic characteristics, as well as epidemiological and clinical aspects of the cutaneous manifestations of different dermatoses in black skin. It was found that there are sometimes striking differences, in the structural, biological, and functional aspects when comparing lightly pigmented and black skin. There are also physiological changes that need to be recognized to avoid unnecessary interventions. Some dermatoses have a higher incidence in black skin, such as acne, eczema, dyschromia and dermatophytosis. On the other hand, several dermatoses are more specific to black skin, such as pseudofolliculitis barbae, keloid, dermatosis papulosa nigra, ulcers caused by sickle-cell anemia, dactylolysis spontanea, confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud, and some diseases of the hair and scalp (including fragile and brittle hair, traction alopecia, folliculitis keloidalis nuchae, folliculitis dissecans and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia). A spectrum of peculiar aspects of specific dermatoses, including sarcoidosis, lichen planus (with emphasis on the pigmentosus variant), psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, vitiligo, syphilis, pityriasis versicolor, and neoplasms are highlighted. In the latter, characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma are compared, in addition to highlighting unusual aspects of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, endemic Kaposi sarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Lora Barraza
- Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Fajuyigbe D, Sewraj P, Connétable S, Molamodi K, Clavaud C, Dufour O, Matthews N, Dlova NC. Weekly hair washing: The recommended solution for women with afro-textured hair to alleviate dandruff and scalp discomfort. J Dermatol 2024; 51:518-525. [PMID: 38217001 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Dandruff and scalp discomfort are common concerns for women and men in Africa. Moreover, women with afro-textured hair are prone to scalp discomfort owing to irregular hair washing, frequent use of oil-based products on their scalp, and harsh chemical treatments. Current literature does not, however, provide data on the pathophysiological mechanisms of these conditions in this population. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms behind scalp discomfort and dandruff in women of African descent before and after hair washing. We conducted the in Durban, South Africa, over a 3-week period with 60 women of African descent aged 20-40 years. The respondents were equally divided into a "dandruff" and a "no dandruff" group, based on clinical grading of adherent dandruff by a dermatologist. Malassezia spp. and bacterial loads were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Evaluations of scalp condition and sample collection were performed at five time points during the 3 weeks. Data on discomfort symptoms were collected via a self-assessment questionnaire. We observed that the dandruff severity peaked at the end of the first week after hair washing and plateaued from thereon in both groups. Dandruff was associated with higher Malassezia and bacterial load counts and there was a direct correlation between the Malassezia spp. load and dandruff score. Via self-assessment questionnaire responses submitted by participants, we observed that itching was the most pronounced scalp discomfort, compared with the sensation of tingling and burning at baseline, while an improvement of the scalp symptoms of dandruff and itch was observed in both groups after one hair wash. The study also showed that higher colonization with Malassezia spp. and bacteria is associated with dandruff independently of the time point, confirming a scalp microbiome contribution to the dandruff pathophysiology in the study population. The benefits of washing were, however, not sustained after 1 week and we thus recommend weekly hair washing for long-term management of dandruff and scalp itchiness in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Sewraj
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Olivia Dufour
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-bois, France
| | | | - Ncoza Cordelia Dlova
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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3
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Ufomadu P. Complementary and alternative supplements: a review of dermatologic effectiveness for androgenetic alopecia. Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 37:111-117. [PMID: 38174012 PMCID: PMC10761108 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2263829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a dermatologic condition with no current cure. Treatments such as minoxidil have been proven to be effective; however, the side effects can be unpleasant. As a result, the utilization of natural remedies for treatment has increased over the years. There is limited scientific evidence that addresses the efficacy of these supplements in combating AGA. Methods A review was conducted of the effectiveness of popular complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) in adult patients experiencing AGA. A literature search was performed for the period of 1993 to 2023 using PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Results Natural ingredients like pumpkin seed oil, saw palmetto, melatonin extract, caffeine extract, and rosemary oil were effective in treating AGA either when compared to baseline or a definite AGA Western medication, such as minoxidil. These natural agents also presented minimal side effects. Conclusion Certain CAMs can be promising for hair loss treatment. There is a need for more scientific research to better explore the efficacy of currently identified CAMs in treating AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promise Ufomadu
- Department of Dermatology and School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Nzeng LFM, Nguefack-Tsague G, Tounouga DN, Soumah MM, Mbang FAA, Sigha OB, Nkoro GA, Kotto R, Kouotou EA. Factors associated with traction alopecia in women living in Yaoundé (Cameroon). BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:577. [PMID: 37940913 PMCID: PMC10631135 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traction alopecia (TA) is very common in Africa but few studies on African population are available. We sought to determine factors associated with TA and measure the association between these factors and TA. METHODS We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study in 29 hairdressing saloons in the city of Yaoundé. A questionnaire was administered and scalp exams were performed in order to look for TA and determine Marginal TA severity score if present. Participants were separated in two groups: TA group and a group without TA. RESULTS We finally included 223 women (77 having TA and 146 without TA). The median age was 26 years for women with TA and 24 years for women without TA. The factors associated with traction alopecia we found included: age ≥ 35 years (adjusted OR = 4; p = 0.016). Hairdressing undertaken by hairdressers only (adjusted OR = 0.2; p = 0.008), the avoidance of the regular use of nets, caps and head ties (OR = 0.2; p = 0.006) and relaxing hairs once a year or less (adjusted OR = 0.2; p = 0.005) could be protective factors. As well, we found a positive correlation between age and TA severity (r = 0.235; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Age and some haircare practices are associated to TA occurrence in our context. Women therefore need to be educated on these various factors that could be able to cause, worsen or prevent TA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Maciré Soumah
- University Teaching Hospital of Conakry, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | - Grace Anita Nkoro
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rose Kotto
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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5
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Beyond the Hot Comb: Updates in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia from 2011 to 2021. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24:81-88. [PMID: 36399228 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a form of scarring alopecia that predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent. Recent data suggest a multifactorial etiology of CCCA that is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Emerging evidence regarding the genetic basis of the condition may elucidate new therapies. While topical and intralesional steroids and tetracycline antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, refractory cases may be considered for hair transplantation. Emerging therapies using platelet-rich plasma, botanical formulas, and cosmetic procedures have shown promising results for the future management of CCA. As recent notable advances in CCCA have been achieved, this review provides an update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of CCCA.
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Mbussuh Nzeng LF, Nguefack‐Tsague G, Kotto R, Tounouga DN, Sigha OB, Nkoro GA, Nida M, Kouotou EA. Hair care and epidemiological-clinical profile of traction alopecia among women in hair salons in Yaoundé, Cameroon. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 3:e158. [PMID: 36751322 PMCID: PMC9892458 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Hair is valued by all individuals especially women. The perception of beauty is specific to everyone. In order to fulfil their ideal beauty, women use various methods to modify their hair's appearance. Afro hair is particularly fragile, so using these methods can be particularly deleterious for black women's hair. Objectives Describe hair care practices of women living in Yaoundé, determine the prevalence of traction alopecia (TA) and describe its clinical profile. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in hairdressing saloon in Yaoundé. A questionnaire was administered and scalp exams were performed to determine Marginal TA severity score. Results We included 223 women with a mean age of 24.9 ± 7 years. The prevalence of TA was 34.5%. Mild and moderate stages were most represented. As far as haircare is concerned, extensions were regularly used by 95.1% of participants. Wigs were regularly worn by 58.7% of participants. Chemical hair straightening was done by 87.9% of women and was performed twice to thrice a year by 43.9%. Almost 76% of women used hair straightener and hair dryer. Hair washing was done monthly by 43.8% of participants and the main cosmetic used was shampoo (75.3%). Conclusion Traction alopecia is a very common disease in women living in Yaoundé. Extensions, wigs and shampooing are their main hair care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rose Kotto
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic SciencesUniversité of DoualaDoualaCameroon
| | | | | | - Grace Anita Nkoro
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversité of Yaoundé 1YaoundeCameroon
| | - Martine Nida
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic SciencesUniversité of DoualaDoualaCameroon
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7
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Abstract
Hairstyling trends among Black women fluctuate with social, cultural, and environmental pressures. Dermatologists should be aware of current trends and their associated risks in order to provide the best care to this population. In order to summarize the updated trends and associated health risks for the most common hairstyles worn by Black women, a literature review was performed. PubMed and EMBASE were used to identify articles related to hair styling practices, studies on the effects or risks of various styling practices, and magazine articles citing current styling trends among women of African descent. All hairstyles were found to have associated health risks; however, natural styles had the fewest adverse associations of all styles reviewed. Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA) is the most cited hair disorder in this population, possibly linked to both chemical relaxants and traction styles. Additional studies are needed to further establish causality between these styles and CCCA. Additionally, while acceptance of natural hairstyles is on the rise, there is more work to be done throughout society to help protect and encourage women who choose to wear Afrocentric styles. Dermatologists should be well versed in these hairstyles and ready to lend appropriate advice to patients when it is requested.
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Stephens TJ, Berkowitz S, Marshall T, Kogan S, Raymond I. A Prospective Six-month Single-blind Study Evaluating Changes in Hair Growth and Quality Using a Nutraceutical Supplement in Men and Women of Diverse Ethnicities. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:21-26. [PMID: 35309272 PMCID: PMC8903234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the perceived efficacy of a standardized nutraceutical to improve hair growth and quality in men and women of various ethnicities with self-perceived hair thinning. METHODS This prospective, single-blind study enrolled healthy men aged 20 to 55 years (n=47) and premenopausal women aged 20 to 45 years (n=51) with self-perceived, mild-to-moderate hair thinning and included African American, Asian, Hispanic Caucasian and Non-Hispanic Caucasian participants. The nutraceutical supplement (Nutrafol® Men or Women Capsules, Nutraceutical Wellness Inc., New York, New York) was taken daily for six months. Subjects were evaluated in the clinic at baseline and Weeks 12 and 24 with two self-assessments at Weeks 4 and 8. Study endpoints were standardized digital imaging and investigator rated assessments. Self-assessment questionnaires rated hair growth, hair satisfaction, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Investigator ratings for baseline hair growth, coverage, density, and volume were significant at Weeks 12 and 24 for all subjects (for each, p<0.001). These significant improvements were seen in 83.7 percent of men and 79.5 percent of women at Week 24. Results were similar across ethnic subgroups with significant benefit at Weeks 12 and 24 (for each, p<0.05). All subjects reported significant improvements in baseline hair appearance/quality, volume/fullness, scalp coverage, thickness, and shedding at Weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24 (for each, p<0.01). CONCLUSION A standardized nutraceutical supplement improved visible hair growth with less notable shedding based on subjects' and investigators' overall perception of treatment benefit for men and women of various ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Stephens
- Dr. Stephens is with SGS Stephens, Inc., in Richardson, Texas. Ms. Berkowitz and Drs. Marshall, Kogan, and Raymond are with Nutraceutical Wellness LLC in New York, New York
| | - Sheryl Berkowitz
- Dr. Stephens is with SGS Stephens, Inc., in Richardson, Texas. Ms. Berkowitz and Drs. Marshall, Kogan, and Raymond are with Nutraceutical Wellness LLC in New York, New York
| | - Tess Marshall
- Dr. Stephens is with SGS Stephens, Inc., in Richardson, Texas. Ms. Berkowitz and Drs. Marshall, Kogan, and Raymond are with Nutraceutical Wellness LLC in New York, New York
| | - Sophia Kogan
- Dr. Stephens is with SGS Stephens, Inc., in Richardson, Texas. Ms. Berkowitz and Drs. Marshall, Kogan, and Raymond are with Nutraceutical Wellness LLC in New York, New York
| | - Isabelle Raymond
- Dr. Stephens is with SGS Stephens, Inc., in Richardson, Texas. Ms. Berkowitz and Drs. Marshall, Kogan, and Raymond are with Nutraceutical Wellness LLC in New York, New York
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9
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Saqib NU, Bhat YJ, Shah IH, Haq I, Devi R, Shah AA, Shah FY. Assessment, reliability, and validity of trichoscopy in the evaluation of alopecia in women. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:458-465. [PMID: 34621959 PMCID: PMC8484948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alopecia in women is generally difficult to diagnose clinically. Trichoscopy may help make the correct diagnosis in doubtful cases. Objective The aims of the study were to assess the trichoscopic features of different types of alopecia in women, the reliability of trichoscopy vis-à-vis clinical findings, and the validity of trichoscopy in cases with a doubtful clinical diagnosis. Methods A hospital-based observational, cross-sectional study was carried out on female patients with alopecia. A trichoscopic diagnosis was made and correlated with a clinical diagnosis. The validity of trichoscopy in doubtful cases was evaluated by reporting the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic value. Results On trichoscopy, increased hair diameter diversity > 20%, single-hair follicular unit, vellus hair, peripilar sign, and focal atrichia were commonly seen in female pattern hair loss. In telogen effluvium, there was a scarceness of specific findings. In cicatricial alopecias, loss of follicular ostia, erythema, white macules, blue-gray dots, white dots, tufted hair, and keratotic follicular plugging were observed. A good agreement between trichoscopy and clinical diagnosis was found (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.824; 95% confidence interval, 0.756–0.892). The validity of trichoscopy in doubtful cases was evaluated using the validity parameters, which were high in all alopecias. Limitations Histopathology testing was not done in all patients. Conclusion Trichoscopy helped reach a definitive diagnosis in patients in whom the clinical diagnosis was doubtful. Thus, trichoscopy is a sensitive and specific investigation that can be valuable in women with alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam U Saqib
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yasmeen Jabeen Bhat
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iffat Hassan Shah
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Inaam Haq
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reeta Devi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aaqib Aslam Shah
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faizan Younis Shah
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Dias MFRG, Loures AF, Ekelem C. Hair Cosmetics for the Hair Loss Patient. Indian J Plast Surg 2021; 54:507-513. [PMID: 34984093 PMCID: PMC8719955 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical professionals that treat patients with alopecia usually lack knowledge about hair cosmetics. Trichologists focus on hair cycling and growth problems and not on the hair shaft integrity. This may lead to abandon of the use of the prescribed treatment, such as topical minoxidil or to inadequate traumatic grooming habits that may jeopardize hair follicle health. Shampoos, hair dyes, and hair-straightening products may alter hair fiber structure, remove lipids, and elude protein. Hair procedures such as hair dying and straightening have side effects and health concerns, especially for pregnant women or sensitive hair and scalp patients. Hair breakage, follicle traction, frizz, contact dermatitis, and mutagenicity are possible side effects of hair cosmetics misuse. The proper use of hair care products may help to increase patients' adherence to alopecia treatments and avoid health problems related to inadequate application of hair cosmetics and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chloe Ekelem
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Agor A, Ward KHM. Camouflaging techniques for patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:180-183. [PMID: 33937487 PMCID: PMC8072492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akachi Agor
- William Carey University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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12
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Barreto T, Weffort F, Frattini S, Pinto G, Damasco P, Melo D. Straight to the Point: What Do We Know So Far on Hair Straightening? Skin Appendage Disord 2021; 7:265-271. [PMID: 34307473 DOI: 10.1159/000514367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hair represents a valued aspect of human individuality. The possibility of having an easy to handle hairstyle and changing it from time to time promoted an increasing search for chemical hair transformations, including hair straightening. Hair straightening is the process used to convert curly into straight hair. Aims This review aims to discuss hair straightening, addressing techniques, products, methods of application, consequences to hair shafts, recommendations on this topic, and the risks involving the safety of both the user and the performing professional. Methods and Results The terms "straightening" AND "hair," "straightening" AND "alopecia," and "straightening" AND "human hair" were used to perform a literature search in MEDLINE through PubMed until July 15, 2020. We limited the search to articles available in English, considering those mentioning alternatives to straighten the hair. We had a total of 33 relevant articles. Conclusions This article will help dermatologists to advise their patients, providing a more suitable orientation on how to get the best outcome without risking one's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara Barreto
- Dermatology Department, Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Weffort
- Dermatology Department, University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Frattini
- Family Medicine and Public Health, Private Practice, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Giselle Pinto
- Dermatology Department, Santa Casa Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Department, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patricia Damasco
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniel Melo
- Dermatology Department, University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Molamodi K, Fajuyigbe D, Sewraj P, Gichuri J, Sijako B, Galliano A, Laurent A. Quantifying the impact of braiding and combing on the integrity of natural African hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:321-331. [PMID: 33605448 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afro hair breakage is most commonly attributed to grooming practices such as braiding, hair extensions and weaves, both for chemically treated hair and natural Afro hair. These grooming practices are also frequently associated with traction alopecia in clinical studies. However, there is little to no quantitative scientific data on the surface and internal hair fibre damage caused by grooming, including combing, on Afro hair. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, cuticle cohesion and tensile testing were used to determine the effects of frequent braiding on the integrity of female Afro hair in 15 frequent braiders and 15 occasional braiders (control group) in Johannesburg, South Africa. Frequent braiders were women who braided more than 8 times per year, while occasional braiders typically limit braiding to only twice 2 per year. The severity of traction alopecia was quantified in both groups using the standard Marginal Traction Alopecia Scoring system. Surface damage on naturally curly Afro hair, that was combed but not braided, was assessed as another hairstyle option. RESULTS All measurements showed a relationship between surface and internal hair fibre damage and braiding frequency. Frequent braiders had thinner hair, with more cuticle damage as shown by SEM and cuticle cohesion assessments. Their hair fibres were also significantly weaker (p < 0.05), as shown by the tensile testing. In addition, they also had higher traction alopecia severity scores. In the combing impact assessment, a linear trend was observed between surface hair fibre damage and the number of combing strokes. Cuticle damage from 480 combing strokes was more severe than that from frequent braiding. CONCLUSION Frequent braiding and combing damage natural Afro hair. Quantification of damage caused by different grooming practices identifies a need to develop products that could help mitigate specific hair damage associated with grooming practices. The degree of damage and subsequent hair loss could also be minimized by education on best braiding practices to protect the hair fibre and avoid hair follicle miniaturization caused by high traction hairstyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Poonam Sewraj
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julia Gichuri
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa Sijako
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Alice Laurent
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa
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14
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Dlova NC, Ferguson NN, Rorex JN, Todd G. Synthetic hair extensions causing irritant contact dermatitis in patients with a history of atopy: A report of 10 cases. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:141-145. [PMID: 33641162 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present a case series of 10, atopic, African women who developed irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) from synthetic hair extensions. METHODS Ten consecutive African female patients who presented with a pruritic cutaneous eruption on the neck over a period of 2 years are described. Patients underwent skin patch testing using both standard and hair commercial patch test panels and samples of their own hair extensions. Hair care products were not tested. RESULTS All 10 patients used synthetic hair extensions. A strong history of atopy was documented for all the patients and examination was significant for eczematous, lichenified plaques at the location of contact with the free end of the hair extension. Patch test results yielded no relevant reactivity and a diagnosis of ICD was made for all patients. The lesions resolved completely on removal of the hair extensions and the use of topical steroids and emollients, dependent on eczema severity. CONCLUSIONS Artificial hair extensions should be considered as a potential irritant, resulting in ICD. Patients with a history of atopy are at risk of developing ICD from synthetic hair extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ncoza C Dlova
- Department of Dermatology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Jennifer N Rorex
- Department of Dermatology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Gail Todd
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dégboé B, Koudoukpo C, Habib A, Kouassi A, Djodjo M, Akpadjan F, Adégbidi H, Atadokpèdé F. [Scalp disorders in black Africans treated in a dermatology department in Cotonou (Benin): age-sex-specific epidemiological and clinical features]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:303. [PMID: 33654522 PMCID: PMC7896519 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.303.20997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction les pathologies du cuir chevelu sont fonction de plusieurs facteurs dont l´ethnie, le sexe ou l´âge. Chez le sujet noir, elles peuvent être induites par des facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques. Très peu d´études ont été réalisées dans ce groupe ethnique résidant en Afrique noire d´où l´objectif de notre enquête qui était de documenter les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des pathologies du cuir cheveu en fonction du sexe et de l´âge dans un service de dermatologie à Cotonou (Bénin). Méthodes l´étude était rétrospective et descriptive sur 7 ans et a concerné tous les dossiers des nouveaux patients reçus en consultation dans le service de dermatologie-vénérologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire (CNHU) de Cotonou dont le motif de consultation était une pathologie exclusive du cuir chevelu. Les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques ont été saisies et analysées avec le logiciel EPI-Info 7. Résultats la prévalence des pathologies du cuir chevelu était de 2,4% (181/7554). Les enfants (0-18 ans) représentaient 38,7%, soit 70 patients et les adultes 61,3%, soit 111 patients. Les enfants de 0-10 ans (54; 29,8%) et les adultes de 25-40 ans (51; 28,2%) étaient les plus touchées. Le sex-ratio était de 1,8. Les dermatoses diagnostiquées étaient non alopéciantes (10; 5,5%) ou alopéciantes (171; 94,5%) dont 82,9% (151/171) de non cicatricielles et 11,7% (20/171) de cicatricielles. Les pathologies les plus fréquentes étaient la teigne (41; 22,6%) prédominant chez les garçons de 0-10 ans, les folliculites chroniques non cicatricielles (39; 21,5%) en majorité chez les garçons de 0-5 ans et les hommes de 19-40 ans, la pelade (38; 21%) dans les deux sexes surtout entre 6-10 ans et 25-40 ans, l´alopécie de traction (17; 9,4%) exclusivement chez les femmes et surtout dans la tranche de 25-40 ans, la folliculite fibrosante de la nuque (12; 6,6%) exclusivement chez les hommes à partir de 19 ans jusqu´à 50 ans, la trichotillomanie (9; 5%) dans les deux sexes, surtout chez les enfants de 6-10 ans et chez les adultes de 25-40 ans, la folliculite épilante de Quinquaud (6; 3,3%) uniformément dans les deux sexes et surtout entre 25-40 ans. Conclusion les pathologies du cuir chevelu atteignaient avec prédilection les patients de sexe masculin avant la puberté et les adultes jeunes. Elles étaient réparties par ordre décroissant en dermatoses alopéciantes non cicatricielles, dermatoses alopéciantes cicatricielles et dermatoses non alopéciantes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Dégboé
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Christiane Koudoukpo
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou-Alibori, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Bénin
| | - Akimath Habib
- Centre de Dépistage et de Traitement de la Lèpre et de l´Ulcère de Buruli de Pobè, Fondation Raoul Follereau, Pobè, Bénin
| | - Alida Kouassi
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Masudi Djodjo
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Fabrice Akpadjan
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Hugues Adégbidi
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Félix Atadokpèdé
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
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Auguste D, Miller SL. Volatile Organic Compound Emissions From Heated Synthetic Hair: A Pilot Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630219890876. [PMID: 32063708 PMCID: PMC6990612 DOI: 10.1177/1178630219890876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from a variety of household and personal care products. Many VOCs are known to be potentially toxic or carcinogenic. Synthetic hair is used in hair-styling practices, including practices in African American communities that involve singeing or heating the synthetic hair. The research questions that we sought to answer were as follows: Are VOCs emitted from singed or heated synthetic hair? If so, what are the VOC species and relative masses identified in singed or heated synthetic hair? We tested samples from 2 sources of singed and heated synthetic hair in a microchamber; one source was flame-retardant synthetic hair and the other source was non-flame-retardant synthetic hair. Our findings confirmed that VOCs are emitted from singed or heated synthetic hair for both types of sources. For flame-retardant synthetic hair, we identified and measured mass for species that included acetone, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, benzene, chloromethane, chloroethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane. For non-flame-retardant synthetic hair, we identified and measured mass for species that included acetone, acetonitrile, chloromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, and 2-propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Auguste
- ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Shelly L Miller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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17
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Essel EA, Ahenkorah J, Blay RM, Adjenti SK, Adutwum-Ofosu KK, Hottor BA, Addai FK. Microscopic Characteristics Of Scalp Hair Subjected To Cultural Styling Methods In Ghanaian African Females. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:843-850. [PMID: 31819581 PMCID: PMC6873963 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s225627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To provide data for forensic use and provoke ideas to preserve shaft integrity, we studied microstructural alterations of female scalp hair subjected to Ghanaian cultural styling methods. Hence, topographical features of female hairs styled by braiding/weaving, and chemical relaxation sampled from five different scalp regions were assessed and compared with natural (Afro) hair. Subjects and methods Ninety-six indigenous Ghanaian females volunteered 480 hairs, which were analyzed by light microscopy. Hairs were plucked using a pair of cosmetologist’s tweezers from frontal, left temporal, right temporal, vertex, and occipital regions of the scalp. Hairs were categorized by their grooming styles as Afro (natural-unstyled), natural-styled (weaved/braided), and chemically relaxed. These were studied according to shaft/medulla dimensions and conventional cuticular scale features, and comparisons were made between styling procedures and scalp regions. Results Chemically styled hair had the widest shaft diameter, but the lowest incidence of continuous medullation. Medullary diameter and index increased from chemically relaxed, natural-styled, to Afro hair. A positive but modest correlation between shaft and medullary diameters existed for Afro (r = 0.320, p = 0.011) and natural-styled hairs (r = 0.235, p = 0.022) but not chemically relaxed hair (r = 0.122, p = 0.2). Scale margins were predominantly smooth in Afro hair, crenate in natural-styled hair, and rippled in chemically relaxed hair. With respect to scalp regions, hair shaft diameter was widest in vertex hair and smallest in right temporal hair in all styling methods. Conclusion Medulla was thickest in Afro hair, which also exhibited a correlation with shaft diameter in conformity with the published data. Chemically relaxed hairs did not exhibit these characteristics, which affirm altered morphology. Research on how chemicals affect these changes should help find antidote. The dimensional variations of hairs from different scalp regions are instructive for both cosmetic and forensic examination of hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Adjoa Essel
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical & Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - John Ahenkorah
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical & Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Michael Blay
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical & Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Saviour Kweku Adjenti
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical & Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical & Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bismarck Afedo Hottor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical & Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frederick Kwaku Addai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical & Allied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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18
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Ngwanya RM, Adeola HA, Beach RA, Gantsho N, Walker CL, Pillay K, Prokopetz R, Gumedze F, Khumalo NP. Reliability of Histopathology for the Early Recognition of Fibrosis in Traction Alopecia: Correlation with Clinical Severity. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2019; 6:170-181. [PMID: 31700859 PMCID: PMC6827454 DOI: 10.1159/000500509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traction alopecia (TA) is hair loss caused by prolonged pulling or repetitive tension on scalp hair; it belongs to the biphasic group of primary alopecia. It is non-scarring, typically with preservation of follicular stem cells and the potential for regrowth of early lesions especially if traction hairstyles are stopped. However, the alopecia may become permanent (scarring) and fail to respond to treatment if the traction is excessive and prolonged. Hence, the ability to detect fibrosis early in these lesions could predict patients who respond to treatment. Histopathological diagnosis based on scalp biopsies has been used as a gold standard to delineate various forms of non-scarring alopecia and to differentiate them from scarring ones. However, due to potential discrepant reporting as a result of the type of biopsy, method of sectioning, and site of biopsy, histopathology often tends to be unreliable for the early recognition of fibrosis in TA. In this study, 45 patients were assessed using the marginal TA severity scoring system, and their biopsies (both longitudinal and transverse sections) were systematically assessed by three dermatopathologists, the aim being to correlate histopathological findings with clinical staging. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine the level of agreement between the assessors. We found poor agreement of the identification and grading of perifollicular and interfollicular fibrosis (0.55 [0.23–0.75] and 0.01 [2.20–0.41], respectively), and no correlation could be drawn with the clinical severity score. Better methods of diagnosis are needed for grading and for recognition of early fibrosis in TA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Renée A Beach
- Division of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nomphelo Gantsho
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher L Walker
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Komala Pillay
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert Prokopetz
- Division of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Freedom Gumedze
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Coogan PF, Bethea TN, Cozier YC, Bertrand KA, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Lenzy Y. Association of type 2 diabetes with central-scalp hair loss in a large cohort study of African American women. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:261-266. [PMID: 31700983 PMCID: PMC6831789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair loss on the central scalp commonly occurs among African American (AA) women and can pose substantial psychosocial burdens. The causes of hair loss remain obscure, although type 2 diabetes has been hypothesized to increase the risk of hair loss. The objective of the present study was to prospectively estimate the association between type 2 diabetes and severe central hair loss in AA women. METHODS The Black Women's Health Study has collected data on medical and lifestyle factors, including diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, biennially since 1995 from AA women across the United States. The present analysis was based on responses from 5389 women to an online hair loss questionnaire in 2015. Respondents indicated severity of central hair loss on a validated six-item photographic scale; the highest levels, levels 3 to 5, were designated as severe. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate multivariable hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes in relation to severe central hair loss. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 850 cases of severe hair loss occurred. The multivariable hazard ratio for severe hair loss associated with diabetes was 1.68 (95% CI, 1.38-2.06) overall, and 2.05 (95% CI, 1.48-2.85) for diabetes duration of ≥ 10 years. CONCLUSION Type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased risk of severe central scalp hair loss in AA women. Patients with type 2 diabetes should be followed closely for central scalp hair loss so that appropriate treatment can be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Traci N. Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvette C. Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yolanda Lenzy
- Lenzy Dermatology and Hair Loss Center, Chicopee, Massachusetts
- UCONN Health Dermatology, Farmington, Connecticut
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20
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Stoehr JR, Choi JN, Colavincenzo M, Vanderweil S. Off-Label Use of Topical Minoxidil in Alopecia: A Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:237-250. [PMID: 30604379 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical minoxidil is a well-known and often-utilized drug in dermatological practice for the treatment of alopecia. It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in 1988. Since its approval, minoxidil has been used off-label for the treatment of many other types of alopecia, with minimal formal evidence of efficacy. Conditions for which the use of topical minoxidil has been reported include telogen effluvium, alopecia areata (AA), scarring alopecia, eyebrow hypotrichosis, monilethrix, and chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). The evidence for the use of minoxidil in each condition is derived from a variety of studies, including clinical trials, case series, and case reports. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that while minoxidil is routinely used in the management of many alopecic conditions, there is mixed evidence for its efficacy. For certain conditions, including AA and most scarring alopecias, the evidence seems to be inconclusive. For others, such as eyebrow hypotrichosis, monilethrix, early traction alopecia, and CIA, there is more support for the efficacy of minoxidil. Although the favorable safety profile of minoxidil is established in adults, its use in the treatment of pediatric alopecia may require heightened monitoring and patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Stoehr
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer N Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maria Colavincenzo
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Stefan Vanderweil
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Martinez-Velasco MA, Perper M, Maddy AJ, Cervantes J, Eber AE, Verne SH, Vazquez-Herrera NE, Nouri K, Tosti A. In vitro determination of Mexican Mestizo hair shaft diameter using optical coherence tomography. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:274-277. [PMID: 29171081 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican mestizo population has a pluriethnic mixture of Amerindian, European and African ancestry, predominant in most Latin American countries. Until now, there are no reports about hair characteristics in this population, necessary to define normal values, for hair diseases evaluation and comparison among other ethnic groups. METHODS The VivoSight® swept-source multibeam optical coherence tomography system was used to evaluate hair diameter and shape in 30 females. Three hair samples from each volunteer were measured transversely along three distances, generating nine cross-sectional images, two measurements per image and 18 measurements per patient for a total of 540 diameter measurements. RESULTS Minimum hair diameter (n = 540) was 0.06 mm while maximum was 0.14 mm. Mean diameter was 0.10 ± 0.01 mm as compared with Asian hair, which ranges from 0.08 mm to 0.12 mm. On morphological analysis, Mexican Mestizo hair tends to have a round shape with homogenous diameters, resembling Caucasian and Asian hair. CONCLUSION Mexican hair is similar to Asian hair in diameter and shape and can be classified as 'thick' hair, which make it more resistant and with more volume. Cosmetic products intended to improve hair care in this population must to consider this characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abril Martinez-Velasco
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Clínica de Oncodermatología, Circuito Escolar S/N, Col. UNAM Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Perper
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Austin J Maddy
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Cervantes
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ariel E Eber
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sebastian H Verne
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Keyvan Nouri
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Alonso Pereira L, Teixeira M, Andrade J, Rochael M, Gavazzoni-Dias MFR. An Overlap of Secondary Cutis Verticis Gyrata, Folliculitis Decalvans, Folliculitis Keloidalis Nuchae and the Use of Dreadlocks: The Role of Inflammation due to Traction. Skin Appendage Disord 2017; 2:130-134. [PMID: 32995344 DOI: 10.1159/000449006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 29-year-old black male with cutis verticis gyrata, folliculitis decalvans and folliculitis keloidalis nuchae confirmed by biopsy. He had been using dreadlocks for 5 years before the appearance of the lesions. An activation of the different fibroblast growth factor members may explain the development of hyperproliferation of collagen, fibrosis and keloid lesions. We suggest a hypothesis of a common pathogenesis for the three conditions in a genetically predisposed patient. Inflammation and traction caused by the dreadlocks can act as a possible trigger factor.
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23
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Haskin A, Kwatra SG, Aguh C. Breaking the cycle of hair breakage: pearls for the management of acquired trichorrhexis nodosa. J DERMATOL TREAT 2016; 28:322-326. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1246704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Crystal Aguh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Haskin A, Aguh C. All hairstyles are not created equal: What the dermatologist needs to know about black hairstyling practices and the risk of traction alopecia (TA). J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:606-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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