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Cordeiro-Massironi K, Soares Freitas RAM, Vieira da Silva Martins IC, de Camargo AC, Torres EAFDS. Bioactive compounds of peanut skin in prevention and adjunctive treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38812411 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00647j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of cancer continues to increase, so does its mortality. Strategies that can prevent/treat this condition are therefore required, especially low-cost and low-toxicity strategies. Bioactive compounds of plant origin have been presented as a good alternative. In this scenario, due to its abundant polyphenolic content (around 60 to 120 times greater than that of the grain), peanut skin by-products stand out as a sustainable source of food bioactives beneficial to human health. Investigated studies highlighted the importance of peanut skin for human health, its phytochemical composition, bioactivity and the potential for prevention and/or adjuvant therapy in cancer, through the advanced search for articles in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Science direct and the Mourisco platform of the FioCruz Institute, from 2012 to 2022. Using the keywords, "peanut skin" AND "cancer" AND NOT "allergy", the words "peanut testa" and "peanut peel" were included replacing "peanut skin". 18 articles were selected from Plataforma Mourisco, 26 from Science Direct and 26 from VHL. Of these, 7 articles evaluated aspects of cancer prevention and/or treatment. Promising benefits were found in the prevention/treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases in the use of peanut and peanut skin extracts, such as cholesterolemia and glucose control, attenuation of oxidative stress and suppressive action on the proliferation and metabolism of cancer cells.
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Zhang K, Qin Y, Sun W, Shi H, Zhao S, He L, Li C, Zhao J, Pan J, Wang G, Han Z, Zhao C, Yang X. Phylogenomic Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Gene Superfamily and Their Association with Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1944. [PMID: 37895293 PMCID: PMC10606413 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) constitute extensive enzyme superfamilies in the plants, playing pivotal roles in a multitude of biosynthetic and detoxification pathways essential for growth and development, such as the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, CYPs have not yet been systematically studied in the cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), a globally significant cash crop. This study addresses this knowledge deficit through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, leading to the identification of 589 AhCYP genes in peanuts. Through phylogenetic analysis, all AhCYPs were systematically classified into 9 clans, 43 gene families. The variability in the number of gene family members suggests specialization in biological functions. Intriguingly, both tandem duplication and fragment duplication events have emerged as pivotal drivers in the evolutionary expansion of the AhCYP superfamily. Ka/Ks analysis underscored the substantial influence of strong purifying selection on the evolution of AhCYPs. Furthermore, we selected 21 genes encoding 8 enzymes associated with the flavonoid pathway. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments unveiled stage-specific expression patterns during the development of peanut testa, with discernible variations between pink and red testa. Importantly, we identified a direct correlation between gene expression levels and the accumulation of metabolites. These findings offer valuable insights into elucidating the comprehensive functions of AhCYPs and the underlying mechanisms governing the divergent accumulation of flavonoids in testa of different colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yongmei Qin
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi 276003, China;
| | - Hourui Shi
- Shandong Seed Management Station, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Liangqiong He
- Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.)
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Guanghao Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zhuqiang Han
- Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.P.); (G.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiangli Yang
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.)
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Cordeiro-Massironi K, Soares-Freitas RAM, Sampaio GR, Pinaffi-Langley ACDC, Bridi R, de Camargo AC, Torres EAFS. In Vitro Digestion of Peanut Skin Releases Bioactive Compounds and Increases Cancer Cell Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1356. [PMID: 37507896 PMCID: PMC10376574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut skin is a rich source of bioactive compounds which may be able to reduce the risk factors associated with metabolic syndromes. This study aimed to characterize bio-compounds from peanut skin (Arachis hypogaea) and their bioactivity (antioxidant activity, inhibition of lipase, and carbohydrase enzymes) and to evaluate their anti-proliferative properties in colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) upon in vitro digestion. Peanut skin was digested in two sequential phases, and the final content, named phase-1 (P1) and phase-2 (P2) extracts, was evaluated. Several bioactive compounds were positively identified and quantified by liquid chromatography, including quinic acid, released especially after in vitro digestion. The total phenolic content and, regardless of the method, the antioxidant activity of P1 was higher than P2. P1 also showed a lower enzyme inhibitory concentration IC50 than P2, lipase, and α-glucosidase. For cell viability in HCT116 cells, lower concentrations of P1 were found for IC50 compared to P2. In conclusion, bioactive compounds were released mainly during the first phase of the in vitro digestion. The digested samples presented antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory activity, and cancer cell cytotoxicity, especially those from the P1 extract. The potential applications of such a by-product in human health are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cordeiro-Massironi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | | | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara da C Pinaffi-Langley
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Raquel Bridi
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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Zhang K, Ma J, Gangurde SS, Hou L, Xia H, Li N, Pan J, Tian R, Huang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao C. Targeted metabolome analysis reveals accumulation of metabolites in testa of four peanut germplasms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992124. [PMID: 36186006 PMCID: PMC9523574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of edible oil and protein. Peanut testa (seed coat) provides protection for seeds and serves as a carrier for diversity metabolites necessary for human health. There is significant diversity available for testa color in peanut germplasms. However, the kinds and type of metabolites in peanut testa has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we performed metabolite profiling using UPLC-MS/MS for four peanut germplasm lines with different testa colors, including pink, purple, red, and white. A total of 85 metabolites were identified in four peanuts. Comparative metabolomics analysis identified 78 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Some metabolites showed significant correlation with other metabolites. For instance, proanthocyanidins were positively correlated with cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside and malvin, and negatively correlated with pelargonidin-3-glucoside. We observed that the total proanthocyanidins are most abundant in pink peanut variety WH10. The red testa accumulated more isoflavones, flavonols and anthocyanidins compared with that in pink testa. These results provided valuable information about differential accumulation of metabolites in testa with different color, which are helpful for further investigation of the molecular mechanism underlying biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Xia
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Huailing Huang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yindong Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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