Antimicrobial activity of Rhus Coriaria L. and Salvia Urmiensis bunge against some food-borne pathogens and identification of active components using molecular networking and docking analyses

Plant antibacterials: The challenges and opportunities

Nature possesses an inexhaustible reservoir of agents that could serve as alternatives to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While some of the most effective drugs for treating bacterial infections originate from natural sources, they have predominantly been derived from fungal and bacterial species. However, a substantial body of literature is available on the promising antibacterial properties of plant-derived compounds. In this comprehensive review, we address the major challenges associated with the discovery and development of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds, which have acted as obstacles preventing their clinical use. These challenges encompass limited sourcing, the risk of agent rediscovery, suboptimal drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties, as well as a lack of knowledge regarding molecular targets and mechanisms of action, among other pertinent issues. Our review underscores the significance of these challenges and their implications in the quest for the discovery and development of effective plant-derived antimicrobial agents. Through a critical examination of the current state of research, we give valuable insights that will advance our understanding of these classes of compounds, offering potential solutions to the global crisis of AMR. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In-vitro Evaluation of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Extracts against Periodontopathic Bacteria (Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis) using Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Molecular Docking Analysis

Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria (Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis) for the first time to the best of our knowledge based on the presence of different phytochemical compounds. Momordica charantia solvent extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the standard well diffusion method. Anti-inflammatory studies on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation were performed. Molecular docking was investigated between the bioactive compound (Charantadiol A) of plant extract and biofilm-expressing genes in each test organism. Phytochemicals from ethanol extract showed promising results; alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins were found present at considerable levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 400 μg/mL for Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antibacterial activity expressed in terms of zone of inhibition showed 14 mm to 18 mm zones against the test organisms. The molecular docking report revealed the maximum binding energy of about -6.54 Kcal/Mol of binding energy between Charantadiol A and fimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Anti-biofilm study showed that the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of Momordica charantia expressed significantly good results against the test organisms. The PDL cell viability values expressed in percentage indicated the anti-inflammatory properties of Momordica charantia extracts at three different known concentrations. The findings concluded that Momordica charantia extracts have promising prospects as an anti-periodontopathic and anti-inflammatory agent.