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Cesar GA, do Lago BV, Ortiz Tanaka TS, Zanini PB, Bandeira LM, Puga MAM, Pires Fernandes FR, Pinto CS, Castro LS, Bertolacci-Rocha LG, dos Santos Fernandes CE, de Rezende GR, Motta-Castro ARC. Differences in risky sexual behaviors and HIV prevalence between men who have sex with men and transgender women in the Midwest Brazil. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003061. [PMID: 38709753 PMCID: PMC11073717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) are disproportionally affected by HIV infection. This cross-sectional study evaluated the HIV-1/2 prevalence, risk factors and HIV molecular features of MSM and TW from Midwest Brazil. Four hundred and thirty participants (278 MSM and 152 TW) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, were interviewed and tested for HIV-1/2 infection between November 2011 and September 2013. Participants who were assigned male at birth, older than 18 years old and self-declared as MSM or TW were recruited from LGBT+ associations, as well as public (parks, square, streets, etc) and private [nightclubs, saunas, brothels, etc] places. The prevalence of HIV-1 was 14.4% (9.0% among MSM and 24% among TW; p<0.001). The factor independently associated with HIV-1 infection among MSM was being 30 years-old or older. Among TW, having suffered sexual coercion, lifetime syphilis infection and hepatitis C virus exposure were associated with HIV-1 infection. Phylogenetic analyses classified 65% sequences as subtype B and 35% as possible recombinants. All but one recombinant sample were from TW individuals. High HIV-1 prevalences were observed in both groups, highlighting the urgent need to devise specific HIV interventions targeting these key populations. Notably, TWs are more vulnerable to HIV infection, which was associated with sexual violence and co-infection with other STIs. With regard to MSM, being 30 years old or older was significanty associated to HIV, reinforcing the idea that MSM are less exposed [or exposed later] to STIs than TWs, although MSM are clearly more vulnerable than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves Cesar
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Vieira do Lago
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Immunobiological Technology (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tayana Serpa Ortiz Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Brunini Zanini
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Melo Bandeira
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Clarice Souza Pinto
- Secretary of Health of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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HCV-HIV Chronic Coinfection Prevalence in Amazon Region. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247284. [PMID: 36555906 PMCID: PMC9785546 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem, especially in areas with a low human development index such as the Amazon region. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and genotypes of HCV among people living with HIV (PLWH), both neglected chronic diseases in the Amazon region. From March 2016 to June 2017, 433 PWLH were attended to at two sexually transmitted infection referral centers in the city of Belém, in the Brazilian state of Pará in the Amazon region. All individuals were submitted to testing via the rapid immunochromatographic assay (RIA) for the qualitative detection of anti-HCV antibodies. Samples with anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and samples with HCV RNA were subjected to nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three (0.7%) PLWH had anti-HCV antibodies, and only one (0.2%) had HCV RNA (genotype 2); of these, 31 (7.1%) self-declared to have used drugs at least one time, and 12 (2.7%) regularly use injected drugs. One participant was elderly, single, heterosexual, with a history of unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners. This study detected a low prevalence of HCV infection and recorded the presence of HCV genotype 2 for the first time among PLWH in the Brazilian Amazon.
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