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Schwabe I, Jović M, Rimfeld K, Allegrini AG, van den Berg SM. Genotype-Environment Interaction in ADHD: Genetic Predisposition Determines the Extent to Which Environmental Influences Explain Variability in the Symptom Dimensions Hyperactivity and Inattention. Behav Genet 2024; 54:169-180. [PMID: 38270759 PMCID: PMC10861382 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Although earlier research has shown that individual differences on the spectrum of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly heritable, emerging evidence suggests that symptoms are associated with complex interactions between genes and environmental influences. This study investigated whether a genetic predisposition [Note that the term 'genetic predisposition' was used in this manuscript to refer to an estimate based on twin modeling (an individual's score on the latent trait that resembles additive genetic influences) in the particular population being examined.] for the symptom dimensions hyperactivity and inattention determines the extent to which unique-environmental influences explain variability in these symptoms. To this purpose, we analysed a sample drawn from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) that consisted of item-level scores of 2168 16-year-old twin pairs who completed both the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:581-586, 1997) and the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN; Swanson, in Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, 1981) questionnaire. To maximize the psychometric information to measure ADHD symptoms, psychometric analyses were performed to investigate whether the items from the two questionnaires could be combined to form two longer subscales. In the estimation of genotype-environment interaction, we corrected for error variance heterogeneity in the measurement of ADHD symptoms through the application of item response theory (IRT) measurement models. A positive interaction was found for both hyperactivity (e.g., [Formula: see text] = 2.20 with 95% highest posterior density interval equal to [1.79;2.65] and effect size equal to 3.00) and inattention (e.g., [Formula: see text] = 2.16 with 95% highest posterior density interval equal to [1.56;2.79] and effect size equal to 3.07). These results indicate that unique-environmental influences were more important in creating individual differences in both hyperactivity and inattention for twins with a genetic predisposition for these symptoms than for twins without such a predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Schwabe
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Miljan Jović
- Department of Cognition, Data and Education (CODE), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Andrea G Allegrini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stéphanie M van den Berg
- Department of Cognition, Data and Education (CODE), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Harmonized Phenotypes for Anxiety, Depression, and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn multi-cohort consortia, the problem often arises that a phenotype is measured using different questionnaires. This study aimed to harmonize scores based on the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for anxiety/depression and ADHD. To link the scales, we used parent reports on 1330 children aged 10–11.5 years from the Raine study on both SDQ and CBCL. Harmonization was done based on Item Response Theory. We started from existing CBCL and SDQ scales related to anxiety/depression and ADHD (theoretical approach). Next, we conducted a data-driven approach using factor analysis to validate the theoretical approach. Both approaches yielded similar scales, validating the combination of existing scales. In addition, we studied the impact of harmonized (IRT-based) scores on the statistical power of the results in meta-analytic gene-finding studies. The results showed that the IRT-based harmonized scores increased the statistical power of the results compared to sum scores, even with an equal sample size. These findings can help future researchers to harmonize data from different samples and/or different questionnaires that measure anxiety, depression, and ADHD, in order to obtain the larger sample sizes, to compare research results across subpopulations or to increase generalizability, the validity or statistical power of research results. We recommend using our item parameters to estimate harmonized scores that represent commensurate phenotypes across cohorts, and we explained in detail how other researchers can use our results to harmonize data in their studies.
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Trevisan BT, Dias NM, Berberian ADA, Seabra AG. Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory: Adaptação e Propriedades Psicométricas da Versão Brasileira. PSICO-USF 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712017220106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e investigar propriedades psicométricas da Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) em uma amostra de crianças brasileiras. Após tradução, adaptação transcultural, retrotradução e equivalência semântica, realizada por juízes da área, a versão brasileira da CHEXI foi respondida por pais e professores de 408 crianças, idades entre 4 e 7 anos, também avaliadas com a Escala de Maturidade Mental Colúmbia e SNAP-IV. Elevados índices de consistência interna foram encontrados. A análise fatorial exploratória gerou dois fatores para a versão brasileira: um fator mais geral de funções executivas e um específico de inibição. As pontuações nas subescalas de planejamento, regulação e, marginalmente, memória de trabalho da CHEXI explicaram de modo significativo o indicador de desatenção da SNAP-IV, enquanto a pontuação na subescala de inibição explicou o indicador de hiperatividade/impulsividade. Os resultados fornecem bons parâmetros psicométricos para a CHEXI, além de contribuir para a realização de estudos com funções executivas e indicadores de TDAH no país.
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Palma SMM, Natale ACMP, Calil HM. A four-year follow-up controlled study of stress response and symptom persistence in Brazilian children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity (ADHD). Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:227-32. [PMID: 26365689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Disorder andHyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), reassessing them at a four-year follow-up. Their cortisol response to a stress stimulus was measured twice. ADHD symptom persistence, development of comorbidities, and psychostimulant usage were also reassessed. The initial sample consisted of 38 ADHD patients and 38 healthy controls, age ranging 6-14. At the follow-up, there were 37 ADHD patients and 22 healthy controls, age ranging 10-18. ADHD was classified as persistent if the patients fulfilled all DSM IV criteria for syndromic or subthreshold or had functional impairment. Salivary cortisol samples were collected prior to the application of a cognitive stressor (Continuous Performance Test - CPT), and at three time intervals afterwards at baseline and at the follow-up. Their reassessment showed that 75% had persistent symptoms, psychiatric comorbidities (oppositional defiant and behavioral disorders), functional and academic impairement. Only seven patients were on medication. The ADHD group's cortisol levels were lower than those measured four years earlier, but cortisol concentrations were similar for both ADHD and control groups at the four-year follow-up. The cortisol results suggest that HPA axis reactivity could be a marker differentiating ADHD from ADHD with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Maria Motta Palma
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | - Helena Maria Calil
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
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Palma SMM, Natale ACMP, Calil HM. A 4-Year Follow-Up Study of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms, Comorbidities, and Psychostimulant Use in a Brazilian Sample of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:135. [PMID: 26483704 PMCID: PMC4591510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate symptom persistence in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the development of comorbidities, and psychostimulant usage patterns. Follow-up studies were conducted in 37 patients with ADHD and 22 healthy controls, aged 10 and 18, 4 years after their first assessment. The ADHD was rated as persistent if participants met all DSM-IV criteria for syndromic or sub-threshold persistence, or had functional impairments (functional persistence). Of the 37 ADHD patients we reevaluated, 75% had persistent symptoms, and psychiatric comorbidities with additional functional impairments and academic problems were more common than in controls. These follow-up findings show a high comorbidity associated with ADHD and support the importance of evaluation and treatment for ADHD and comorbidities throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M. M. Palma
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helena M. Calil
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira CTD, Dias ACG. Repercussões do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) na Experiência Universitária. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-370300482013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Buscou-se verificar de que forma o diagnóstico do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH), ou a presença dos sintomas do transtorno, interfere na vida acadêmica de estudantes universitários. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura com os descritores estudantes universitários/college students e TDAH/ADHD nas bases de dados Scielo Brasil, Index Psi, Redalyc, Medline, ePsycARTICLES no período de 2004 a 2014. Foram encontrados 53 artigos e, destes, 15 foram analisados. Os trabalhos visavam apontar as semelhanças e as diferenças entre estudantes universitários com e sem sintomas ou diagnóstico de TDAH quanto a variáveis que podem afetar a experiência universitária, bem como descrever o transtorno nessa população. Os jovens com e sem TDAH tendem a ser semelhantes no que se refere ao autoconceito e ao bem-estar psicológico, mas diferentes quanto à adaptação à universidade e às preocupações com o desempenho acadêmico. Esta revisão oferece um panorama sobre o que já se sabe sobre TDAH em estudantes universitários e sobre a forma como os estudos com esse público têm sido realizados.
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Benedetti IMM, Anache AA. TDA/H – Análise documental sobre a produção do conceito. PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR E EDUCACIONAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-3539/2014/0183783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida para fins de doutoramento pela UFMS, sobre temática do TDA/H. Traz a análise do processo de construção do conceito de TDA/H em suas diversas vertentes teóricas a partir do estudo da produção científica sobre o tema publicada entre os anos de 2003 e 2007 e posteriormente atualizada até 2013, nas principais revistas científicas do ramo. Demonstra a conceituação hegemônica sobre o transtorno e as vertentes críticas desse posicionamento teórico. Conclui que não há consenso nas pesquisas apresentadas e que as nuanças desta temática estão estreitamente ligadas ao processo de construção do conceito, ou seja, a metodologia e as bases epistemológicas utilizadas pelos pesquisadores que estudam o transtorno influenciam e definem posições, opções de terapêuticas, condutas éticas e até mesmo a convicção da existência desse transtorno.
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Costa TLDS, Campos Júnior D, Silva HJD, Cunha DAD. Sintomas e sinais de respiração predominantemente oral em adolescentes com transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e queixa de prejuízo escolar. REVISTA CEFAC 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462009000800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: caracterizar sintomas e sinais da Respiração Predominantemente Oral em adolescentes com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade e queixa de prejuízo escolar e relacionar as características com os Tipos do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, gênero e faixa etária. MÉTODOS: realizada no ADOLESCENTRO, instituição pública do Distrito Federal, com 115 adolescentes de ambos os gêneros, faixa etária 10-18 anos, apresentando queixa de prejuízo escolar e Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade. Histórico dos sintomas diurnos e noturnos dos dois aos doze anos foi analisado e sinais da Respiração Predominantemente Oral. RESULTADOS: alta ocorrência (86,95%) de sintomas e sinais da Respiração Predominantemente Oral. Registrou-se associação entre amigdalite e tipos do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade com maior frequência no Tipo II hiperativo (60%), sialorreia no travesseiro com gênero predominando o masculino (65,5%) e respiração oral diurna (64,7%), respiração oral noturna (82,4%) e sialorreia no travesseiro (64,7%) todas estas com a faixa etária de 10 a 12 anos. Houve associação entre lábios (54,3%) e língua (54,3%) não funcionais e faixa etária de 10 a 12 anos. Encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significante para expulsões (20%), suspensões (70%), advertências (100%) e tipos de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade com maior freqüência no Tipo II hiperativo. CONCLUSÃO: avaliação da respiração em pacientes com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade e queixa de prejuízo escolar é fundamental, pois dificuldades escolares podem estar associadas à história pregressa de respiração oral e Distúrbios Respiratórios do Sono comuns nestes quadros.
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