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Yunle K, Tong W, Jiyang L, Guojun W. Advances in Helicobacter pylori vaccine research: From candidate antigens to adjuvants-A review. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13034. [PMID: 37971157 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population and has been strongly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The elimination of H. pylori is currently considered one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of gastric-related diseases, so antibiotic therapy is the most commonly used regimen for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Although this therapy has some positive effects, antibiotic resistance has become another clinically prominent problem. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient vaccine has become an important measure to prevent H. pylori infection. METHODS PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from January 1980 to March 2023 with search terms-H. pylori vaccine, adjuvants, immunization, pathogenesis, and H. pylori eradication in the title and/or abstract of literature. A total of 5182 documents were obtained. Based on the principles of academic reliability, authority, nearly publicated, and excluded the similar documents, finally, 75 documents were selected, organized, and analyzed. RESULTS Most of the candidate antigens used as H. pylori vaccines in these literatures are whole-cell antigens and virulence antigens such as UreB, VacA, CagA, and HspA, and the main types of vaccines for H. pylori are whole bacteria vaccines, vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, epitope vaccines, etc. Some vaccines have shown good immune protection in animal trials; however, few vaccines show good in clinical trials. The only H. pylori vaccine passed phase 3 clinical trial is a recombinant subunit vaccine using Urease subunit B (UreB) as the vaccine antigen, and it shows good prophylactic effects. Meanwhile, the adjuvant system for vaccines against this bacterium has been developed considerably. In addition to the traditional mucosal adjuvants such as cholera toxin (CT) and E. coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT), there are also promising safer and more effective mucosal adjuvants. All these advances made safe and effective H. pylori vaccines come into service as early as possible. CONCLUSIONS This review briefly summarized the advances of H. pylori vaccines from two aspects, candidates of antigens and adjuvants, to provide references for the development of vaccine against this bacterium. We also present our prospects of exosomal vaccines in H. pylori vaccine research, in the hope of inspiring future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Yunle
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Jiyang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Guojun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li S, Zhao W, Xia L, Kong L, Yang L. How Long Will It Take to Launch an Effective Helicobacter pylori Vaccine for Humans? Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3787-3805. [PMID: 37342435 PMCID: PMC10278649 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s412361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection often occurs in early childhood, and can last a lifetime if not treated with medication. H. pylori infection can also cause a variety of stomach diseases, which can only be treated with a combination of antibiotics. Combinations of antibiotics can cure H. pylori infection, but it is easy to relapse and develop drug resistance. Therefore, a vaccine is a promising strategy for prevention and therapy for the infection of H. pylori. After decades of research and development, there has been no appearance of any H. pylori vaccine reaching the market, unfortunately. This review summarizes the aspects of candidate antigens, immunoadjuvants, and delivery systems in the long journey of H. pylori vaccine research, and also introduces some clinical trials that have displayed encouraging or depressing results. Possible reasons for the inability of an H. pylori vaccine to be available over the counter are cautiously discussed and some propositions for the future of H. pylori vaccines are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xia
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
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Conti BJ, Santiago KB, Cardoso EO, Conte FL, Golim MA, Cruz MT, Sforcin JM. Effect of propolis on Th2 and Th17 cells: interplay with EtxB- and LPS-treated dendritic cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12659. [PMID: 37075347 PMCID: PMC10125804 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that drive the differentiation of T CD4+ cells into different profiles according to the nature of the antigen or immunomodulator. Propolis is a resinous product made by bees that has numerous pharmacological properties, including an immunomodulatory action. To assess whether propolis can modulate the activation of CD4+ T cells by stimulating DCs with heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (EtxB) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms affected by propolis in the differential activation of T lymphocytes. Cell viability, lymphocyte proliferation, gene expression (GATA-3 and RORc), and cytokine production (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A) were analyzed. Propolis, EtxB, and LPS induced a higher lymphoproliferation compared with the control. Propolis induced GATA-3 expression and, in combination with EtxB, maintained the baseline levels. Propolis alone or in combination with LPS inhibited RORc expression. EtxB alone and in combination with propolis increased IL-4 production. Propolis in combination with LPS prevented LPS-induced IL-17A production. These results opened perspectives for the study of biological events that may be favored by propolis by promoting Th2 activation or helping in the treatment of inflammatory conditions mediated by Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Conti
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - K B Santiago
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - E O Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - F L Conte
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - M A Golim
- Hemocentro de Botucatu, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - M T Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Neurosciences and Cellular Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J M Sforcin
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Ma X, Guo Z, Li Y, Yang K, Li X, Liu Y, Shen Z, Zhao L, Zhang Z. Phytochemical Constituents of Propolis Flavonoid, Immunological Enhancement, and Anti-porcine Parvovirus Activities Isolated From Propolis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:857183. [PMID: 35464376 PMCID: PMC9024060 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.857183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is widely used in health preservation and disease healing; it contains many ingredients. The previous study had revealed that the ethanolic or water extracts of propolis have a wide range of efficacy, such as antiviral, immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory, and so on, but its antiviral components and underlying mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, anti-porcine parvovirus (PPV) effectiveness, and immunological enhancement of propolis flavone ethanolic extracts. The chemical composition of propolis flavone was distinguished by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis. In this study, the presence and characterization of 26 major components were distinguished in negative ionization modes to evaluate the effects of propolis flavonoid used as an adjuvant on the immune response of Landrace–Yorkshire hybrid sows immunized with an inactivated vaccine of PPV. Thirty Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid sows were randomly assigned to one of three groups, and the sows in the adjuvant groups were intramuscularly injected with PPV vaccine with a 2.0-ml propolis flavonoid adjuvant (PA) and oil emulsion adjuvant. After that, serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG subclasses were measured to evaluate the adjuvant effects of propolis flavonoid on the humoral immune responses, as well as peripheral lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum concentrations of Th1 and Th2 cytokines for cellular immunity. Results indicated an enhancing effect of PA on IgM, interleukins 2 and 4, interferon-γ, and IgG subclass responses. Especially in the effect of improving cellular immune response, the PA was the best. These findings suggested that PA can significantly enhance the immune responses against the PPV vaccine and could be an alternative way to improve PPV vaccination in sows. Furthermore, we screened the PF chemical components to the effectiveness of anti-PPV. Ferulic acid has an excellent anti-PPV effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ma
- Medicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Ma
| | - ZhenHuan Guo
- Medicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yana Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Medicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Medicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonglu Liu
- Medicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy of Shandong Province, Binzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Medicinal Engineering Department, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunopharmacology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Research Center for Inheritance and Innovation Technology of Classical and Prescriptions of Chinese Veterinary, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhiqiang Zhang
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Magnavacca A, Sangiovanni E, Racagni G, Dell'Agli M. The antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of propolis: An update and future perspectives for respiratory diseases. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:897-945. [PMID: 34725836 PMCID: PMC9298305 DOI: 10.1002/med.21866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a complex natural product that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties mainly attributed to the high content in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives. The chemical composition of propolis is multifarious, as it depends on the botanical sources from which honeybees collect resins and exudates. Nevertheless, despite this variability propolis may have a general pharmacological value, and this review systematically compiles, for the first time, the existing preclinical and clinical evidence of propolis activities as an antiviral and immunomodulatory agent, focusing on the possible application in respiratory diseases. In vitro and in vivo assays have demonstrated propolis broad-spectrum effects on viral infectivity and replication, as well as the modulatory actions on cytokine production and immune cell activation as part of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical trials confirmed propolis undeniable potential as an effective therapeutic agent; however, the lack of rigorous randomized clinical trials in the context of respiratory diseases is tangible. Since propolis is available as a dietary supplement, possible use for the prevention of respiratory diseases and their deleterious inflammatory drawbacks on the respiratory tract in humans is considered and discussed. This review opens up new perspectives on the clinical investigation of neglected propolis biological properties which, now more than ever, are particularly relevant with respect to the recent outbreaks of pandemic respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magnavacca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Giorgio Racagni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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Kasote D, Bankova V, Viljoen AM. Propolis: chemical diversity and challenges in quality control. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:1887-1911. [PMID: 35645656 PMCID: PMC9128321 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Propolis is a resinous natural product produced by honeybees using beeswax and plant exudates. The chemical composition of propolis is highly complex, and varies with region and season. This inherent chemical variability presents several challenges to its standardisation and quality control. The present review was aimed at highlighting marker compounds for different types of propolis, produced by the species Apis mellifera, from different geographical origins and that display different biological activities, and to discuss strategies for quality control. Over 800 compounds have been reported in the different propolises such as temperate, tropical, birch, Mediterranean, and Pacific propolis; these mainly include alcohols, acids and their esters, benzofuranes, benzopyranes, chalcones, flavonoids and their esters, glycosides (flavonoid and diterpene), glycerol and its esters, lignans, phenylpropanoids, steroids, terpenes and terpenoids. Among these, flavonoids (> 140), terpenes and terpenoids (> 160) were major components. A broad range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities, have been ascribed to propolis constituents, as well as the potential of these compounds to be biomarkers. Several analytical techniques, including non-separation and separation methods have been described in the literature for the quality control assessment of propolis. Mass spectrometry coupled with separation methods, followed by chemometric analysis of the data, was found to be a valuable tool for the profiling and classification of propolis samples, including (bio)marker identification. Due to the rampant chemotypic variability, a multiple-marker assessment strategy considering geographical and biological activity marker(s) with chemometric analysis may be a promising approach for propolis quality assessment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kasote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
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Soudi H, Falsafi T, Gharavi S, Mahboubi M. The Role of Helicobacter pylori Proinflammatory Outer Membrane Protein and Propolis in Immunomodulation on U937 Macrophage Cell Model. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1687. [PMID: 34466568 PMCID: PMC8343919 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regarding the important role of proinflammatory outer membrane protein (OipA) in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection and immunomodulatory activity of propolis, we aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity effect of a purified recombinant OipA protein and propolis in the induction of two cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), in a macrophage cell model. Materials and Methods The recombinant protein used in the present study corresponding to the oipA expressing a 34-35 kDa protein. OipA protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified OipA protein (2.5- 40 μg /mL) and the propolis ethanolic extract (5-40 μg/mL) were incubated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human myelomonocytic cell line U937 cells. IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were measured after 48 hours of incubation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The amounts of IL-4 and IFN-γ were significantly increased. The optimum concentration of OipA for the secretion of IL-4 was 5 μg/ml (P<0.0001). At higher concentrations, the amount of IL-4 diminished until suppression at 40 μg/mL. The optimum concentration of propolis, resulting in the most significant increased secretion of both IL-4 and IFN-γ was 40 μg/mL (P=0.0001 and P=0.0004). Conclusion We found that an OipA concentration of 10 μg/mL was more effective for IFN-γ production; however, it was not effective for the high production of IL-4. Therefore, it is postulated that the OipA could mainly induce a Th1 response through the production of IFN-γ. We also observed propolis's capability to induce IFN-γ production; however, the effective concentration for this was the same as for IL-4. Therefore, as an adjuvant, proper concentration of propolis is required for OipA to give the optimum response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Soudi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Falsafi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Tahereh Falsafi, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University Telephone Number: +989127095294 Email Address:
| | - Sara Gharavi
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Mahboubi
- Medicinal Plants Research Department, Research and Development, Tabib-Daru Pharmaceutical Company, Kashan, Iran
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Brilhante Bezerra FS, Silva Rezende ADF, Oliveira Silva MTD, Sena-Lopes Â, Roesch-Ely M, Pêgas Henriques JA, Padilha FF, Carvalho Azevedo VA, Dias Portela RW, Seixas FK, Collares TV, Savegnago L, Borsuk S. The combination of Brazilian red propolis and recombinant protein rCP01850 in the immunoprophylaxis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Shahinozzaman M, Basak B, Emran R, Rozario P, Obanda DN. Artepillin C: A comprehensive review of its chemistry, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104775. [PMID: 33152464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artepillin C (ARC), a prenylated derivative of p-coumaric acid, is one of the major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis (BGP) and its botanical source Baccharis dracunculifolia. Numerous studies on ARC show that its beneficial health effects correlate with the health effects of both BGP and B. dracunculifolia. Its wide range of pharmacological benefits include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Most studies have focused on anti-oxidation, inflammation, diabetic, and cancers using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Mechanisms underlying anti-cancer properties of ARC are apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a protein characterized in many human diseases/disorders including COVID-19 infection. Therefore, further pre-clinical and clinical studies with ARC are necessary to explore its potential as intervention for a wide variety of diseases including the recent pandemic coronaviral infection. This review summarizes the comprehensive data on the pharmacological effects of ARC and could be a guideline for its future study and therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Patricia Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Diana N Obanda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Berretta AA, Silveira MAD, Cóndor Capcha JM, De Jong D. Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: Running title: Propolis against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110622. [PMID: 32890967 PMCID: PMC7430291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis, a resinous material produced by honey bees from plant exudates, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine and is widely consumed as a health aid and immune system booster. The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in propolis products worldwide; fortunately, various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism are potential targets for propolis compounds. SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is characterized by viral spike protein interaction with cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and serine protease TMPRSS2. This mechanism involves PAK1 overexpression, which is a kinase that mediates coronavirus-induced lung inflammation, fibrosis, and immune system suppression. Propolis components have inhibitory effects on the ACE2, TMPRSS2 and PAK1 signaling pathways; in addition, antiviral activity has been proven in vitro and in vivo. In pre-clinical studies, propolis promoted immunoregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including reduction in IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-α. This immunoregulation involves monocytes and macrophages, as well as Jak2/STAT3, NF-kB, and inflammasome pathways, reducing the risk of cytokine storm syndrome, a major mortality factor in advanced COVID-19 disease. Propolis has also shown promise as an aid in the treatment of various of the comorbidities that are particularly dangerous in COVID-19 patients, including respiratory diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Standardized propolis products with consistent bioactive properties are now available. Given the current emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and limited therapeutic options, propolis is presented as a promising and relevant therapeutic option that is safe, easy to administrate orally and is readily available as a natural supplement and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Aparecida Berretta
- Research, Development and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - José Manuel Cóndor Capcha
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute at Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States.
| | - David De Jong
- Genetics Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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CAMPOS JVD, ASSIS OBG, BERNARDES-FILHO R. Atomic force microscopy evidences of bacterial cell damage caused by propolis extracts on E. coli and S. aureus. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Song C, Li F, Wang S, Wang J, Wei W, Ma G. Recent Advances in Particulate Adjuvants for Cancer Vaccination. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Adachi T, Yoshikawa S, Tezuka H, Tsuji NM, Ohteki T, Karasuyama H, Kumazawa T. Propolis induces Ca 2+ signaling in immune cells. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2019; 38:141-149. [PMID: 31763117 PMCID: PMC6856514 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.19-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis possesses several immunological functions. We recently generated a conditional Ca2+ biosensor yellow cameleon (YC3.60) transgenic mouse line and established a
five-dimensional (5D) (x, y, z, time, and Ca2+ signaling) system for intravital imaging of lymphoid tissues, including Peyer’s patches (PPs). To assess the effects of propolis on
immune cells, we analyzed Ca2+ signaling in vitro and in vivo using CD11c-Cre/YC3.60flox transgenic mice, in which CD11c+
dendritic cells (DCs) specifically express YC3.60. We found that propolis induced Ca2+ signaling in DCs in the PPs. Intravital imaging of PPs also showed that an intraperitoneal
injection of propolis augmented Ca2+ signaling in CD11c+ cells, suggesting that propolis possesses immune-stimulating activity. Furthermore, CD11c+ cells in
PPs in mice administrated propolis indicated an increase in Ca2+ signaling. Our results indicate that propolis induces immunogenicity under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.,Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kumazawa
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Ichibiki Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi 456-0018, Japan
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Ajaghaku DL, Akah PA, Ilodigwe EE, Nduka SO, Osonwa UE, Okoye FBC. Upregulation of CD4+ T-Lymphocytes by Isomeric Mixture of Quercetin-3-O-Rutinoside and Quercetin-3-O-Robinobioside Isolated from Millettia aboensis. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:372-388. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1433201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Ebeano, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Achunike Akah
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Odunke Nduka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Uduma Eke Osonwa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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Sena-Lopes Â, Bezerra FSB, das Neves RN, de Pinho RB, Silva MTDO, Savegnago L, Collares T, Seixas F, Begnini K, Henriques JAP, Ely MR, Rufatto LC, Moura S, Barcellos T, Padilha F, Dellagostin O, Borsuk S. Chemical composition, immunostimulatory, cytotoxic and antiparasitic activities of the essential oil from Brazilian red propolis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191797. [PMID: 29390009 PMCID: PMC5794096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of Brazilian red propolis have explored the composition and biological properties of its ethanolic extracts. In this work, we chemically extracted and characterized the essential oil of Brazilian red propolis (EOP) and assessed its adjuvant, antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities. The chemical composition of EOP was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). EOP was tested for in vitro activity against Trichomonas vaginalis (ATCC 30236 isolate); trophozoites were treated with different concentrations of EOP (ranging from 25 to 500 μg/mL) in order to establish the MIC and IC50 values. A cytotoxicity assay was performed in CHO-K1 cells submitted to different EOP concentrations. BALB/c mice were used to test the adjuvant effect of EOP. The animals were divided in 3 groups and inoculated as follows: 0.4 ng/kg BW EOP (G1); 50 μg of rCP40 protein (G2); or a combination of 0.4 ng/kg BW EOP and 50 μg of rCP40 (G3). Total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels were assessed by ELISA. The major constituent compounds of EOP were methyl eugenol (13.1%), (E)-β-farnesene (2.50%), and δ-amorphene (2.3%). Exposure to EOP inhibited the growth of T. vaginalis, with an IC50 value of 100 μg/mL of EOP. An EOP concentration of 500 μg/mL was able to kill 100% of the T. vaginalis trophozoites. The EOP kinetic growth curve showed a 36% decrease in trophozoite growth after a 12 h exposure to 500 μg/mL of EOP, while complete parasite death was induced at 24 h. With regard to CHO-K1 cells, the CC50 was 266 μg/mL, and 92% cytotoxicity was observed after exposure to 500 μg/mL of EOP. Otherwise, a concentration of 200 μg/mL of EOP was able to reduce parasite proliferation by 70% and was not cytotoxic to CHO-K1 cells. As an adjuvant, a synergistic effect was observed when EOP was combined with the rCP40 protein (G3) in comparison to the administration of each component alone (G1 and G2), resulting in higher concentrations of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a. EOP is constituted by biologically active components with promising antiparasitic and immunostimulatory activities and can be investigated for the formulation of new vaccines or trichomonacidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Sena-Lopes
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silvestre Brilhante Bezerra
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barros de Pinho
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mara Thais de Oliveira Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Seixas
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch Ely
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane C. Rufatto
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francine Padilha
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa (ITP), Universidade de Tiradente, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Odir Dellagostin
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Woods N, Niwasabutra K, Acevedo R, Igoli J, Altwaijry N, Tusiimire J, Gray A, Watson D, Ferro V. Natural Vaccine Adjuvants and Immunopotentiators Derived From Plants, Fungi, Marine Organisms, and Insects. IMMUNOPOTENTIATORS IN MODERN VACCINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7148613 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804019-5.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunopotentiators derived from different natural sources are under investigation with varying success. This chapter gives an overview of developments from plants, fungi, marine organisms, and insects. Plant-derived immune stimulators consist of a diverse range of small molecules or large polysaccharides. Notable examples that have been assessed in both preclinical and clinical trials include saponins, tomatine, and inulin. Similarly, fungi produce a range of potential candidate molecules, with β-glucans showing the most promise. Other complex molecules that have established adjuvant activity include α-galactosylceramide (originally obtained from a marine sponge), chitosan (commonly produced from chitin from shrimps), and peptides (found in bee venom). Some organisms, for example, endophytic fungi and bees, produce immunostimulants using compounds obtained from plants. The main challenges facing this type of research and tools being developed to overcome them are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Woods
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | | - J. Igoli
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland,University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - A.I. Gray
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - D.G. Watson
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - V.A. Ferro
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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17
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Mazia RS, de Araújo Pereira RR, de Francisco LMB, Natali MRM, Dias Filho BP, Nakamura CV, Bruschi ML, Ueda-Nakamura T. Formulation and Evaluation of a Mucoadhesive Thermoresponsive System Containing Brazilian Green Propolis for the Treatment of Lesions Caused by Herpes Simplex Type I. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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18
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Eyng C, Murakami AE, Santos TC, Silveira TGV, Pedroso RB, Lourenço DAL. Immune Responses in Broiler Chicks Fed Propolis Extraction Residue-supplemented Diets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:135-42. [PMID: 25557685 PMCID: PMC4283182 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of propolis extraction residue in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age on phagocytic activity of macrophages, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin, antibody production against Newcastle disease, lymphoid organ weight and hematological profile and to determine the optimal level of inclusion. 120 chicks, reared in metabolism cages until 21 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of propolis residue) and six replications. The relative weight of thymus and monocyte percentage were affected by propolis residue, with a quadratic response (p<0.05) and lowest values estimated at 2.38% and 2.49%, respectively. Changes in relative weight of cloacal bursa and spleen, percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil, basophil, eosinophil, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, antibody production against Newcastle disease, phagocytic activity of macrophages and the average number of phagocytosed erythrocytes were not observed. The nitric oxide production with regard to positive control (macrophages+erythrocytes) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increased doses of propolis residue. The remaining variables of nitric oxide production (negative control – macrophages, and difference between the controls) were not affected by propolis residue. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.05), which predicted a lower reaction response at a dose of 2.60% of propolis residue and highest reaction response after 43.05 hours of phytohemagglutinin injection. The inclusion of 1% to 4% of propolis extraction residue in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days of age was not able to improve the immune parameters, despite the modest changes in the relative weight in thymus, blood monocyte percentage, nitric oxide concentration, and interdigital reaction to phytohemagglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eyng
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - A E Murakami
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - T C Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - T G V Silveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - R B Pedroso
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - D A L Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
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19
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Gao W, Wu J, Wei J, Pu L, Guo C, Yang J, Yang M, Luo H. Brazilian green propolis improves immune function in aged mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 55:7-10. [PMID: 25120274 PMCID: PMC4078064 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging weakened innate and adaptive immunity both quantitatively and qualitatively. Some components in propolis could stimulate immune function in young animals or cultured immune cells in vitro. Few studies had been carried out in the aged. The present study was to evaluate the effects of Brazilian green propolis supplementation on the immunological parameters in aged mice. Eighty Kunming mice, aged 15–18 months, were randomly assigned to the control and three experimental groups supplemented with different doses (83.3, 157.4 and 352.9 mg/kg.bw respectively) of Brazilian green propolis. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. Contents of total polyphenol, flavonoid, cinnamic acid and artepillin-C in Brazilian green propolis were analyzed. Splenic NK cytotoxic, T lymphocyte proliferation and antibody generation cells, as well as the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages, ear swelling, and serum contents of IgG, IgM, hemolysin and cytokines were measured. After 4 weeks of treatment, the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages was enhanced in 157.4 mg/kg and 352.9 mg/kg groups. Ear swelling increased in all propolis treatmented groups. Antibodies specific to sheep erythrocytes were higher in the groups receiving 157.4 and 352.9 mg/kg.bw than that of control group. IgG level dramatically increased in the groups receiving 83.3 and 157.4 mg/kg.bw in comparison to the control group. These results indicate that administration of Brazilian green propolis have a positive effect on innate and adaptive immunity in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Gao
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jianquan Wu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jijun Yang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Ming Yang
- By-Health Nutrition and Health Research Center, 510620, China
| | - Haiji Luo
- By-Health Nutrition and Health Research Center, 510620, China
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Ashry ESHE, Ahmad TA. The use of propolis as vaccine's adjuvant. Vaccine 2012; 31:31-9. [PMID: 23137844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The success of many vaccines relies on their association with selected adjuvants in order to increase their immunogenicity and ensure long-term protection. All available adjuvants have adverse effects due to their toxicity and reactogenicity. Pre-clinical in vivo investigations can identify new natural products for further applications. Several studies have confirmed the different medicinal benefits of propolis. However the studies that addressed its use as a potent, safe, vaccine adjuvant were limited to specific countries and languages, primarily Chinese. Those studies introduced the use of different extracts and formulations of propolis as adjuvants for bacterial, viral, and parasitic vaccines. This comprehensive up-to-date review categorizes, documents, and discusses those trials in a clear chronological manner.
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Bactericidal activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic cows. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:485-91. [PMID: 22806843 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen for both humans and animals, and it has been an ubiquitous etiological agent of bovine mastitis in dairy farms worldwide. Elimination of S. aureus with classic antibiotics is difficult, and the current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) against S. aureus cultivated in complex media or milk. EEP (0-0.5 mg ml(-1)) decreased growth of S. aureus in BHI media and 1 mg ml(-1) was bactericidal against washed cell suspensions (10(7) CFU ml(-1)). Propolis extracts also killed S. aureus cells resuspended in milk, but the bactericidal dose was at least 20-fold greater. Cultures that were transferred for at least 60 generations with sub-lethal doses of propolis did not change much their sensibility to EEP. Atomic force microscopy images revealed changes in morphology and cell size of S. aureus cells exposed to EEP (0.5 mg ml(-1)). Our results indicate that propolis extracts might be effective against mastitis-causing S. aureus strains in vivo, but milk constituents affect the inhibitory activity of propolis. Considering that propolis-resistance appears to be a phenotype not easily selected, the use of EEP combined or not with other antimicrobial agents might be useful for mastitis control in vivo.
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Sawaya ACHF, Barbosa da Silva Cunha I, Marcucci MC. Analytical methods applied to diverse types of Brazilian propolis. Chem Cent J 2011; 5:27. [PMID: 21631940 PMCID: PMC3123264 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-5-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a bee product, composed mainly of plant resins and beeswax, therefore its chemical composition varies due to the geographic and plant origins of these resins, as well as the species of bee. Brazil is an important supplier of propolis on the world market and, although green colored propolis from the southeast is the most known and studied, several other types of propolis from Apis mellifera and native stingless bees (also called cerumen) can be found. Propolis is usually consumed as an extract, so the type of solvent and extractive procedures employed further affect its composition. Methods used for the extraction; analysis the percentage of resins, wax and insoluble material in crude propolis; determination of phenolic, flavonoid, amino acid and heavy metal contents are reviewed herein. Different chromatographic methods applied to the separation, identification and quantification of Brazilian propolis components and their relative strengths are discussed; as well as direct insertion mass spectrometry fingerprinting.Propolis has been used as a popular remedy for several centuries for a wide array of ailments. Its antimicrobial properties, present in propolis from different origins, have been extensively studied. But, more recently, anti-parasitic, anti-viral/immune stimulating, healing, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activities of diverse types of Brazilian propolis have been evaluated. The most common methods employed and overviews of their relative results are presented.
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