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Hassanie H, Penteado AB, de Almeida LC, Calil RL, da Silva Emery F, Costa-Lotufo LV, Trossini GHG. SETDB1 as a cancer target: challenges and perspectives in drug design. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1424-1451. [PMID: 38799223 PMCID: PMC11113007 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome stability is governed by chromatin structural dynamics, which modify DNA accessibility under the influence of intra- and inter-nucleosomal contacts, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and variations, besides the activity of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. These are the main ways by which chromatin dynamics are regulated and connected to nuclear processes, which when dysregulated can frequently be associated with most malignancies. Recently, functional crosstalk between histone modifications and chromatin remodeling has emerged as a critical regulatory method of transcriptional regulation during cell destiny choice. Therefore, improving therapeutic outcomes for patients by focusing on epigenetic targets dysregulated in malignancies should help prevent cancer cells from developing resistance to anticancer treatments. For this reason, SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) has gained a lot of attention recently as a cancer target. SETDB1 is a histone lysine methyltransferase that plays an important role in marking euchromatic and heterochromatic regions. Hence, it promotes the silencing of tumor suppressor genes and contributes to carcinogenesis. Some studies revealed that SETDB1 was overexpressed in various human cancer types, which enhanced tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, SETDB1 appears to be an attractive epigenetic target for new cancer treatments. In this review, we have discussed the effects of its overexpression on the progression of tumors and the development of inhibitor drugs that specifically target this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Hassanie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flávio da Silva Emery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo Brazil
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Hatley RJD, McLachlan SP, Baster K, Gelder LC, Macdonald SJF. How Diverse Is Medicinal Chemistry? Insights into Race, Ethnicity, Origin, Gender, and Geography. J Med Chem 2021; 65:37-57. [PMID: 34931848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bibliometric study of authors across medicinal chemistry journals over 20 years reveals important trends. Most United States (US) based authors are assigned as racially/ethnically Asian or White; few are Black or Hispanic. More US coauthors have the same race/ethnicity as the corresponding author than expected. The percentage of female authors increased globally, but only slowly. Since 2010, the number of female and male authors declined by 9% and 30%, respectively. Geographically, most authors are male except in Italy where there is gender balance. Gender homophily is observed globally. Geographically, the discipline is now more widely practiced. Article output doubled from 2000 to 2010 with a large increase in articles from China. China excepted, output has since declined. The average number of authors per article rose by a third since 2000. The value of high diversity groups in education, research, and industry cannot be overstated. We recommend diversity is addressed by every medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J D Hatley
- RGDscience Ltd, 2nd Floor, 2 Walsworth Road, Hitchin, Herts SG4 9SP, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P McLachlan
- Data & Computational Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Baster
- Statistical Services Unit, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C Gelder
- Statistical Services Unit, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J F Macdonald
- RGDscience Ltd, 2nd Floor, 2 Walsworth Road, Hitchin, Herts SG4 9SP, United Kingdom
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Ribeiro AG, Almeida SMVD, de Oliveira JF, Souza TRCDL, Santos KLD, Albuquerque APDB, Nogueira MCDBL, Carvalho Junior LBD, Moura ROD, da Silva AC, Pereira VRA, Castro MCABD, Lima MDCAD. Novel 4-quinoline-thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, in vitro and in silico biomacromolecule interaction studies and topoisomerase inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Barreiro EJ. What is hidden in the biodiversity? The role of natural products and medicinal chemistry in the drug discovery process. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20190306. [PMID: 31365612 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes the role of natural products in the process of drug discovery. In fact, several different natural compounds have been used as inspiration to develop new drugs. Some relevant examples are presented in chronological order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco K, 2o andar, Sala 023, 21941-910 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ferreira PMP, Machado KDC, Lavorato SN, Oliveira FDCED, Silva JDN, Almeida AACD, Santos LDS, Silva VR, Bezerra DP, Soares MBP, Pessoa C, Moraes Filho MOD, Ferreira JRDO, Sousa JMDCE, Maltarollo VG, Alves RJ. Pharmacological and physicochemical profile of arylacetamides as tools against human cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114692. [PMID: 31356931 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Arylacetamides are widely used as synthetic intermediates to obtain medicinal substances. This work evaluated in vitro antiproliferative activity of ten 2-Chloro-N-arylacetamides on human normal and cancer cells and detailed in vivo toxicological and anticancer investigations. Initially, cytotoxic colorimetric assays were performed using tumor lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and erythrocytes. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 were tested for acute toxicity (50, 150 and 300 mg/kg) and for subacute antitumoral capacity in HCT-116 colon carcinoma-bearing xenograft mice for 15 days at 25 mg/kg/day. Most compounds revealed cytotoxic action on tumor lines and PBMC, but activity on human erythrocytes were not detected. Molecular dipole moment, lipophilicity and electronic constant of aryl substituents had effects upon in vitro antiproliferative capacity. More common in vivo acute behavioral signals with compounds 2, 3 and 4 were muscle relaxation, reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity and number of entries in closed arms and increased number of falls andtime spent in open arms, suggesting diazepam-like anxiolytic properties. Decrease of grabbing strength and overall activity were common, but palpebral ptosis and deaths occurred at 300 mg/kg only. Compounds 2 and 3 reduced colon carcinoma growth (21.2 and 27.5%, respectively, p < 0.05) without causing apparent signals of organ-specific toxicity after subacute exposure. The structural chemical simplicity of arylacetamides make them cost-effective alternatives and justifies further improvements to enhance activity, selectivity and the development of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Kátia da Conceição Machado
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47808-021, Brazil
| | | | - Jurandy do Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonia Amanda Cardoso de Almeida
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil; Department of Biology, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí 64067-670, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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Leishmanicidal effect of Spiranthera odoratíssima (Rutaceae) and its isolated alkaloid skimmianine occurs by a nitric oxide dependent mechanism. Parasitology 2011; 138:1224-33. [PMID: 21810308 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected diseases. High cost, systemic toxicity, and diminished efficacy due to development of resistance by the parasites has a negative impact on the current treatment options. Thus, the search for a new, effective and safer anti-leishmanial drug becomes of paramount importance. Compounds derived from natural products may be a better and cheaper source in this regard. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Spiranthera odoratíssima (Rutaceae) fractions and isolated compounds, using promastigote and amastigote forms of different Leishmania species. J774 A.1 macrophage was used as the parasite host cell for the in vitro assays. Evaluations of cytoxicity, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-10 and in silico analysis were carried out. In vitro experiments showed that the fruit hexanic fraction (Fhf) and its alkaloid skimmianine (Skm) have a significant (P<0·001) effect against L. braziliensis. This anti-L. braziliensis activity of Fhf and Skm was due to increased production of NO and attenuation of IL-10 production in the macrophages at concentrations ranging from 1·6 to 40·0 μg/ml. The in silico assay demonstrated significant interaction between Skm and amino acid residues of NOS2. Skm is thus a promising drug candidate for L. braziliensis due to its potent immunomodulatory activity.
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