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Progress in the Chemistry of Cytochalasans. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 114:1-134. [PMID: 33792860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59444-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytochalasans are a group of fungal-derived natural products characterized by a perhydro-isoindolone core fused with a macrocyclic ring, and they exhibit a high structural diversity and a broad spectrum of bioactivities. Cytochalasans have attracted significant attention from the chemical and pharmacological communities and have been reviewed previously from various perspectives in recent years. However, continued interest in the cytochalasans and the number of laboratory investigations on these compounds are both growing rapidly. This contribution provides a general overview of the isolation, structural determination, biological activities, biosynthesis, and total synthesis of cytochalasans. In total, 477 cytochalasans are covered, including "merocytochalasans" that arise by the dimerization or polymerization of one or more cytochalasan molecules with one or more other natural product units. This contribution provides a comprehensive treatment of the cytochalasans, and it is hoped that it may stimulate further work on these interesting natural products.
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Ribeiro BA, da Mata TB, Canuto GAB, Silva EO. Chemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Brazilian Endophytic Fungi. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:33-54. [PMID: 33108493 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside vegetal tissues without causing any loss to the host plant. They display wide biosynthetic capacity when producing several bioactive secondary metabolites, whose induction could be related to activation of genes, which might be silent or expressed depending on the geographic characteristics from where the endophytic was isolated. The extraordinary richness of the Brazilian biodiversity has encouraged several research groups in the endophytic bioprospecting. This review covers natural products reported by studies on from the Brazilian endophytic fungi cultures and classified them into three chemical classes (terpenes, phenolic, and nitrogen-containing compounds). For discussion purposes, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as an unsupervised explorative method to evaluate the chemical variation in the Brazilian endophyte dataset. In addition, the dendrogram from the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) confirmed the PCA results, and HCA could identify some main endophytic clusters. Our analysis clarified how the secondary metabolites were distributed in the different Brazilian endophyte strains, and this information will be a reliable guide that will support researchers to design microbial culture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Ribeiro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Thiara B da Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Gisele A B Canuto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Eliane O Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
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Wang WX, Li ZH, Ai HL, Li J, He J, Zheng YS, Feng T, Liu JK. Cytotoxic 19,20-epoxycytochalasans from endophytic fungus Xylaria cf. curta. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Carvalho CRD, Ferreira-D'Silva A, Wedge DE, Cantrell CL, Rosa LH. Antifungal activities of cytochalasins produced by Diaporthe miriciae, an endophytic fungus associated with tropical medicinal plants. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:835-843. [PMID: 29874477 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the antifungal potential of cytochalasins produced by Diaporthe taxa against phytopathogenic fungi. Using molecular methods, seven endophytic fungal strains from the medicinal plants Copaifera pubiflora and Melocactus ernestii were identified as Diaporthe miriciae, while two isolates were identified to the genus level (Diaporthe sp.). All crude extracts of Diaporthe species produced via solid-state fermentation were evaluated by 1H NMR analyses. Crude extracts of the isolates D. miriciae UFMGCB 6350, 7719, 7646, 7653, 7701, 7772, and 7770 and Diaporthe sp. UFMGCB 7696 and 7720 were demonstrated to produce highly functionalized compounds. The extracts of D. miriciae UFMGCB 7719 and 6350 were selected as representative Diaporthe samples and subjected to bioassay-directed fractionation to isolate cytochalasins H and J. Cytochalasins H and J were evaluated for activities against the fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis obscurans, and Phomopsis viticola using microdilution broth assays. Cytochalasins H and J exhibited the most potent activities against the Phomopsis species tested. Our results showed that Diaporthe species were potential producers of different cytochalasins, which exhibit potential for controlling fungal diseases in planta and (or) maintaining antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R de Carvalho
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, P.O. Box 486, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - A Ferreira-D'Silva
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, P.O. Box 486, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - D E Wedge
- b Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - C L Cantrell
- b Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - L H Rosa
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, P.O. Box 486, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
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Mendes G, Gonçalves VN, Souza-Fagundes EM, Kohlhoff M, Rosa CA, Zani CL, Cota BB, Rosa LH, Johann S. Antifungal activity of extracts from Atacama Desert fungi against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and identification of Aspergillus felis as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:209-17. [PMID: 27008375 PMCID: PMC4804504 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides are responsible for
paracoccidioidomycosis. The occurrence of drug toxicity and relapse in this disease
justify the development of new antifungal agents. Compounds extracted from fungal
extract have showing antifungal activity. Extracts of 78 fungi isolated from rocks of
the Atacama Desert were tested in a microdilution assay against
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb18. Approximately 18% (5) of the
extracts showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values≤ 125.0
µg/mL. Among these, extract from the fungus UFMGCB 8030 demonstrated the best
results, with an MIC of 15.6 µg/mL. This isolate was identified as
Aspergillus felis (by macro and micromorphologies, and internal
transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and ribosomal polymerase II gene analyses) and was
grown in five different culture media and extracted with various solvents to optimise
its antifungal activity. Potato dextrose agar culture and dichloromethane extraction
resulted in an MIC of 1.9 µg/mL against P. brasiliensis and did not
show cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested in normal mammalian cell (Vero). This
extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using analytical
C18RP-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an antifungal assay using
P. brasiliensis. Analysis of the active fractions by HPLC-high
resolution mass spectrometry allowed us to identify the antifungal agents present in
the A. felis extracts cytochalasins. These results reveal the
potential of A. felis as a producer of bioactive compounds with
antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Mendes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Vívian N Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Elaine M Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Betania B Cota
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Susana Johann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Xu YM, Bashyal BP, Liu MX, Espinosa-Artiles P, U'Ren JM, Arnold AE, Gunatilaka AAL. Cytotoxic Cytochalasins and Other Metabolites from Xylariaceae sp. FL0390, a Fungal Endophyte of Spanish Moss. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new metabolites, 6-oxo-12-norcytochalasin D (1) and 4,5-di-isobutyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (2), together with seven known metabolites, cytochalasins D (3), Q (4), and N (5), 12-hydroxyzygosporin G (6), heptelidic acid chlorohydrin (7), (+)-heptelidic acid (8), and trichoderonic acid A (9), were isolated from Xylariaceae sp. FL0390, a fungal endophyte inhabiting Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides. Metabolite 1 is the first example of a 12-norcytochalasin. All metabolites, except 2 and 9, showed cytotoxic activity in a panel of five human tumor cell lines with IC50s of 0.2—5.0 μ M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ming Xu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, USA
| | - Bharat P. Bashyal
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, USA
| | - Mangping X. Liu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, USA
| | - Patricia Espinosa-Artiles
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, USA
| | - Jana M. U'Ren
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036, USA
| | - A. Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, USA
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Yang B, Dong J, Lin X, Tao H, Zhou X, Liu Y. Xylaolide A, a new lactone from the fungus Xylariaceae sp. DPZ-SY43. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:967-70. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.901318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P.R. China
| | - Junde Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P.R. China
| | - Huaming Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P.R. China
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Ióca LP, Allard PM, Berlinck RGS. Thinking big about small beings – the (yet) underdeveloped microbial natural products chemistry in Brazil. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:646-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70112c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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