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Gidi L, Amalraj J, Tenreiro C, Ramírez G. Recent progress, trends, and new challenges in the electrochemical production of green hydrogen coupled to selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). RSC Adv 2023; 13:28307-28336. [PMID: 37753399 PMCID: PMC10519153 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of clean electrical energy and the correct use of waste materials are two topics that currently concern humanity. In order to face both problems, extensive work has been done on the electrolytic production of green H2 coupled with the electrooxidative upgrading of biomass platform molecules. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is obtained from forest waste biomass and can be selectively oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by electrochemical pathways. FDCA is an attractive precursor to polyethylene furanoate (PEF), with the potential to replace petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET). An integrated electrochemical system can simultaneously produce H2 and FDCA at a lower energy cost than that required for electrolytic water splitting. Here, the benefits of the electrochemical production of H2 and FDCA over other production methods are presented, as well as the innovative applications of each reaction product and the advantages of carrying out both reactions in a coupled system. The recently reported progress is disclosed, through an exploration of electrocatalyst materials used in simultaneous production, including the use of nickel foams (NF) as modification substrates, noble and non-noble metals, metal non-oxides, metal oxides, spinel oxides and the introduction of oxygen vacancies. Based on the latest trends, the next challenges associated with its large-scale production are proposed for its implementation in the industrial world. This work can offer a guideline for the detailed understanding of the electrooxidation of HMF towards FDCA with the production of H2, as well as the design of advanced electrocatalysts for the sustainable use of renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Gidi
- Laboratory of Material Science, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca P.O. Box 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - John Amalraj
- Laboratory of Material Science, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca P.O. Box 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Claudio Tenreiro
- Industrial Technologies Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca Curicó 3340000 Chile
| | - Galo Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Santiago 7820436 Chile
- Millenium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector (MIGA) Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul Santiago 7820436 Chile
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2
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Lee CY, Chen CH, Chuang HC, Hsieh HT, Chiu YC. Long-Acting Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring Inside the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5595. [PMID: 37420761 DOI: 10.3390/s23125595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) requires a high operating voltage for hydrogen production to accelerate the decomposition of hydrogen molecules so that the PEMWE ages or fails. According to the prior findings of this R&D team, temperature and voltage can influence the performance or aging of PEMWE. As the PEMWE ages inside, the nonuniform flow distribution results in large temperature differences, current density drops, and runner plate corrosion. The mechanical stress and thermal stress resulting from pressure distribution nonuniformity will induce the local aging or failure of PEMWE. The authors of this study used gold etchant for etching, and acetone was used for the lift-off part. The wet etching method has the risk of over-etching, and the cost of the etching solution is also higher than that of acetone. Therefore, the authors of this experiment adopted a lift-off process. Using the flexible seven-in-one (voltage, current, temperature, humidity, flow, pressure, oxygen) microsensor developed by our team, after optimized design, fabrication, and reliability testing, it was embedded in PEMWE for 200 h. The results of our accelerated aging test prove that these physical factors affect the aging of PEMWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsian-Chun Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Te Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
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3
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Alanazi HE, Emran KM. Nd-Gd–Platinum doped TiO2 nanotube arrays catalyst for water splitting in Alkaline Medium. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023; 18:100112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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4
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Wang J, Feng J, Li Y, Lai F, Wang GC, Liu T, Huang J, He G. Multilayered Molybdate Microflowers Fabricated by One-Pot Reaction for Efficient Water Splitting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206952. [PMID: 36950743 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance, low-cost and rapid-production bifunctional electrocatalysts towards overall water splitting still poses huge challenges. Herein, the authors utilize a facile hydrothermal method to synthesize a novel structure of Co-doped ammonium lanthanum molybdate on Ni foams (Co-ALMO@NF) as self-supported electrocatalysts. Owing to large active surfaces, lattice defect and conductive channel for rapid charge transport, Co-ALMO@NF exhibits good electrocatalytic performances which requires only 349/341 mV to achieve a high current density of 600 mA cm-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Besides, a low cell voltage of 1.52 V is required to reach the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline medium along with an excellent long-term stability for two-electrode configurations. Density functional theory calculations are performed to reveal the reaction mechanism on Co-ALMO@NF, which shows that the Mo site is the most favorable ones for HER, while the introduction of Co is beneficial to reduce the adsorption intensity on the surface of Co-ALMO@NF, thus accelerating OER process. This work highlighted the importance of the structural design for self-supporting electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jianrui Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6 EB, UK
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Gui-Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and the Tianjin Key Lab and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Guanjie He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6 EB, UK
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5
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Albornoz M, Rivera M, Wheeler P, Ramírez R. High Pulsed Voltage Alkaline Electrolysis for Water Splitting. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3820. [PMID: 37112161 PMCID: PMC10142881 DOI: 10.3390/s23083820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electrolysis has become a promising research topic in recent decades due to advances in solid-state semiconductor devices. These technologies have enabled the design and construction of simpler, more efficient, and less costly high-voltage and high-frequency power converters. In this paper, we study high-voltage pulsed electrolysis considering variations in both power converter parameters and cell configuration. Experimental results are obtained for frequency variations ranging from 10 Hz to 1 MHz, voltage changes from 2 V to 500 V, and electrode separations from 0.1 to 2 mm. The results demonstrate that pulsed plasmolysis is a promising method for decomposing water for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Albornoz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Curicó, Universidad de Talca, Merced 437, Curicó 3341717, Chile
| | - Marco Rivera
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Curicó, Universidad de Talca, Merced 437, Curicó 3341717, Chile
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Patrick Wheeler
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Roberto Ramírez
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Curicó, Universidad de Talca, Merced 437, Curicó 3341717, Chile
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A Recent Review of Primary Hydrogen Carriers, Hydrogen Production Methods, and Applications. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier, especially for transportation, owing to its unique physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the combustion of hydrogen gas generates only pure water; thus, its wide utilization can positively affect human society to achieve global net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. This review summarizes the characteristics of the primary hydrogen carriers, such as water, methane, methanol, ammonia, and formic acid, and their corresponding hydrogen production methods. Additionally, state-of-the-art studies and hydrogen energy applications in recent years are also included in this review. In addition, in the conclusion section, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen carriers and hydrogen production techniques and suggest the challenging tasks for future research.
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Ahmadzadeh S, Gibson D, Fleming L, Hutson D, Song S, James A, Wells S, Forsyth A, Bruckshaw S. Broadband infrared absorber based on a sputter deposited hydrogenated carbon multilayer enhancing MEMS-based CMOS thermopile performance. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:B79-B86. [PMID: 37132889 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on pulsed DC sputter deposition of hydrogenated carbon, an absorber optical coating with maximized broadband infrared absorptance is reported. Enhanced broadband (2.5-20 µm) infrared absorptance (>90%) with reduced infrared reflection is achieved by combining a low-absorptance antireflective (hydrogenated carbon) overcoat with a broadband-absorptance carbon underlayer (nonhydrogenated). The infrared optical absorptance of sputter deposited carbon with incorporated hydrogen is reduced. As such, hydrogen flow optimization to minimize reflection loss, maximize broadband absorptance, and achieve stress balance is described. Application to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) produced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) thermopile device wafers is described. A 220% increase in thermopile output voltage is demonstrated, in agreement with modeled prediction.
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Khdary NH, El Enany G, Almalki AS, Alhassan AM, Altamimi A, Alshihri S. Preparation of Cu/Sn-Organic Nano-Composite Catalysts for Potential Use in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Electrochemical Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:911. [PMID: 36903789 PMCID: PMC10005550 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the solvothermal solidification method has been used to be prepared as a homogenous CuSn-organic nano-composite (CuSn-OC) to use as a catalyst for alkaline water electrolysis for cost-effective H2 generation. FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques were used to characterize the CuSn-OC which confirmed the formation of CuSn-OC with a terephthalic acid linker as well as Cu-OC and Sn-OC. The electrochemical investigation of CuSn-OC onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was evaluated using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method in 0.1 M KOH at room temperature. The thermal stability was examined using TGA methods, and the Cu-OC recorded a 91.4% weight loss after 800 °C whereas the Sn-OC and CuSn-OC recorded 16.5 and 62.4%, respectively. The results of the electroactive surface area (ECSA) were 0.5, 0.42, and 0.33 m2 g-1 for the CuSn-OC, Cu-OC, and Sn-OC, respectively, and the onset potentials for HER were -420, -900, and -430 mV vs. the RHE for the Cu-OC, Sn-OC, and CuSn-OC, respectively. LSV was used to evaluate the electrode kinetics, and the Tafel slope for the bimetallic catalyst CuSn-OC was 190 mV dec-1, which was less than for both the monometallic catalysts, Cu-OC and Sn-OC, while the overpotential was -0.7 vs. the RHE at a current density of -10 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar H. Khdary
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El Enany
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts in Uglat Asugour, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani S. Almalki
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alhassan
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Altamimi
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshihri
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Flis‐Kabulska I, Flis J. Anodic Etching of Amorphous Ni
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Alloy in Hot Concentrated Chloride Solution for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Water Electrolysis. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Flis‐Kabulska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Exact Sciences Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw Wóycickiego 1/3 building 21 01-938 Warszawa Poland
| | - Janusz Flis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warszawa Poland
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10
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Development of an Aspen Plus® Model for the Process of Hydrogen Production by Black Liquor Electrolysis. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14081676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrolysis of black liquor (BL) has emerged as a new form to valorize this byproduct from the pulp and paper industry. BL electrolysis produces a green fuel, hydrogen, and lignin, a high added-value compound. In opposition to water electrolysis, a symmetric process with two different gases produced at the electrodes, hydrogen and oxygen, BL electrolysis is seen as an asymmetric process, as hydrogen is the only gas generated (at the cathode), while solid lignin is electrodeposited at the anode. The present work intended to develop a model in Aspen Plus® to simulate BL electrolysis and consequently evaluate the performance of the BL electrolyzer. Aspen Plus® does not include a package for electrolyzers, so it was necessary to use the Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) tool. The model developed in ACM is valid for the following conditions: nickel electrodes with 2 cm interelectrode distance, cell voltage between 1.5 V and 2.0 V, and temperatures between 25 and 35 °C for batch operation and 25 and 65 °C for continuous operation. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the optimum working temperature for batch operation is 35 °C, whereas it is 45 °C for continuous operation. An economic analysis was carried out, calculating the real gross profit (RGP) for the process and the electricity cost. A 2 kW electrolyzer with 80 cells and an active area of 0.3 m2 was simulated. For the electrolyzer in batch operation, RGP values of 1056 €/year and 1867 €/year for the worst and the best scenario were obtained, respectively, and the electricity cost was 1431 €/year. For continuous operation, the RGP values were 2064 €/year and 3648 €/year for the worst and best scenario, respectively, and 2967 €/year for the electricity costs.
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Zhang R, Du X, Li S, Guan J, Fang Y, Li X, Dai Y, Zhang M. Application of heteroatom doping strategy in electrolyzed water catalytic materials. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Rimza T, Saha S, Dhand C, Dwivedi N, Patel SS, Singh S, Kumar P. Carbon-Based Sorbents for Hydrogen Storage: Challenges and Sustainability at Operating Conditions for Renewable Energy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200281. [PMID: 35377969 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that all fossil fuels will be depleted by 2060 if we continue to use them at the present rate. Therefore, there is an unmet need for an alternative source of energy with high calorific value. In this regard, hydrogen is considered the best alternative renewable fuel that could be used in practical conditions. Accordingly, researchers are looking for an ideal hydrogen storage system under ambient conditions for feasible applications. In many respects, carbon-based sorbents have emerged as the best possible hydrogen storage media. These carbon-based sorbents are cost-effective, eco-friendly, and readily available. In this Review, the present status of carbon-based materials in promoting solid-state hydrogen storage technologies at the operating temperature and pressure was reported. Experimental studies have shown that some carbon-based materials such as mesoporous graphene and doped carbon nanotubes may have hydrogen storage uptake of 3-7 wt %, while some theoretical studies have predicted up to 13.79 wt % of hydrogen uptake at ambient conditions. Also, it was found that different methods used for carbon materials synthesis played a vital role in hydrogen storage performance. Eventually, this Review will be helpful to the scientific community for finding the competent material and methodology to investigate the existing hydrogen uptake issues at operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Rimza
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumit Saha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Chetna Dhand
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neeraj Dwivedi
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Singh Patel
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Singh
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pradip Kumar
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Chatenet M, Pollet BG, Dekel DR, Dionigi F, Deseure J, Millet P, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ, Eikerling M, Staffell I, Balcombe P, Shao-Horn Y, Schäfer H. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4583-4762. [PMID: 35575644 PMCID: PMC9332215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the 'junctions' between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Chatenet
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Green Hydrogen Lab, Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Deseure
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Millet
- Paris-Saclay University, ICMMO (UMR 8182), 91400 Orsay, France
- Elogen, 8 avenue du Parana, 91940 Les Ulis, France
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Chair of Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Materials in Energy Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Iain Staffell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Balcombe
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Energy, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Helmut Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, The Electrochemical Energy and Catalysis Group, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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14
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Importance of Hydroxide Ion Conductivity Measurement for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060556. [PMID: 35736263 PMCID: PMC9229372 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) refers to a representative water electrolysis technology that applies electricity to synthesize hydrogen gas without the production of carbon dioxide. The ideal polymer electrolyte membranes for AWE should be capable of transporting hydroxide ions (OH−) quickly in harsh alkaline environments at increased temperatures. However, there has not yet been any desirable impedance measurement method for estimating hydroxide ions’ conduction behavior across the membranes, since their impedance spectra are significantly affected by connection modes between electrodes and membranes in the test cells and the impedance evaluation environments. Accordingly, the measurement method suitable for obtaining precise hydroxide ion conductivity values through the membranes should be determined. For this purpose, Zirfon®, a state-of-the-art AWE membrane, was adopted as the standard membrane sample to perform the impedance measurement. The impedance spectra were acquired using homemade test cells with different electrode configurations in alkaline environments, and the corresponding hydroxide ion conductivity values were determined based on the electrochemical spectra. Furthermore, a modified four-probe method was found as an optimal measurement method by comparing the conductivity obtained under alkaline conditions.
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Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a sustainable energy carrier capable of replacing/complementing the global carbon-based energy matrix. Although studies in this area have often focused on the fundamental understanding of catalytic processes and the demonstration of their activities towards different strategies, much effort is still needed to develop high-performance technologies and advanced materials to accomplish widespread utilization. The main goal of this review is to discuss the recent contributions in the H2 production field by employing nanomaterials with well-defined and controllable physicochemical features. Nanoengineering approaches at the sub-nano or atomic scale are especially interesting, as they allow us to unravel how activity varies as a function of these parameters (shape, size, composition, structure, electronic, and support interaction) and obtain insights into structure–performance relationships in the field of H2 production, allowing not only the optimization of performances but also enabling the rational design of nanocatalysts with desired activities and selectivity for H2 production. Herein, we start with a brief description of preparing such materials, emphasizing the importance of accomplishing the physicochemical control of nanostructures. The review finally culminates in the leading technologies for H2 production, identifying the promising applications of controlled nanomaterials.
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Sen R, Das S, Nath A, Maharana P, Kar P, Verpoort F, Liang P, Roy S. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation: An Overview With an Example of Translation From Lab to Market. Front Chem 2022; 10:861604. [PMID: 35646820 PMCID: PMC9131097 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.861604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation has become very popular due to its prime role in water splitting and metal–air batteries. Thus, the development of efficient, abundant, and economical catalysts, as well as electrode design, is very demanding today. In this review, we have discussed the principles of electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction (WOR), the electrocatalyst and electrode design strategies for the most efficient results, and recent advancement in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst design. Finally, we have discussed the use of OER in the Oxygen Maker (OM) design with the example of OM REDOX by Solaire Initiative Private Ltd. The review clearly summarizes the future directions and applications for sustainable energy utilization with the help of water splitting and the way forward to develop better cell designs with electrodes and catalysts for practical applications. We hope this review will offer a basic understanding of the OER process and WOR in general along with the standard parameters to evaluate the performance and encourage more WOR-based profound innovations to make their way from the lab to the market following the example of OM REDOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sen
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriya Das
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Aritra Nath
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Maharana
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradipta Kar
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Pei Liang
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Kolkata, Kolkata, India
- Solaire Initiative Private Limited, Bhubaneshwar and Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Francis Verpoort, ; Pei Liang, ; Soumyajit Roy,
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17
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Ouimet RJ, Glenn JR, De Porcellinis D, Motz AR, Carmo M, Ayers KE. The Role of Electrocatalysts in the Development of Gigawatt-Scale PEM Electrolyzers. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Ouimet
- Nel Hydrogen, 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Glenn
- Nel Hydrogen, 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Diana De Porcellinis
- Nel Hydrogen, 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Andrew R. Motz
- Nel Hydrogen, 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Marcelo Carmo
- Nel Hydrogen, 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Katherine E. Ayers
- Nel Hydrogen, 10 Technology Drive, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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18
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Studying the Effect of Electrode Material and Magnetic Field on Hydrogen Production Efficiency. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water electrolysis is one of the most common methods to produce hydrogen gas with high purity, but its application is limited due to its low energy efficiency. It has been proved that an external magnetic field can reduce energy consumption and increase hydrogen production efficiency in water electrolysis. In this study, electrodes with different magnetism were subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field for use in hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Gas bubbles that evolve from the surface of a horizontal electrode detach faster than the bubbles from a vertical electrode. The locomotion of the bubbles is facilitated if the horizontal electrode faces a magnet, which induces the revolution of bubbles between the electrodes. However, the magnetic field does not increase the current density effectively if the electrodes are more than 5 cm apart. A paramagnetic (platinum) electrode has a more significant effect on bubble locomotion than a diamagnetic (graphite) material and is able to increase the efficiency of electrolysis more effectively when a perpendicular magnetic field is applied. The conductivity of platinum electrodes that face a magnet increases if the distance between the electrodes is less than 4 cm, but the conductivity of graphite electrodes does not increase until the inter-electrode distance is reduced to 2 cm. On the other hand, horizontal graphite electrodes that are subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field will generate a higher gas production rate than a platinum electrode without a magnetic field if the inter-electrode distance is less than 1 cm.
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19
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Queiroz AC, Souza ML, Camilo MR, Silva WO, Cantane DA, Messias I, Pinto MR, Nagao R, Lima FHB. Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry: Evolutions of the Cell Setup for On‐line Investigation of Products and Screening of Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wanderson O. Silva
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Igor Messias
- University of Campinas Institute of Chemistry BRAZIL
| | | | - Raphael Nagao
- University of Campinas Institute of Chemistry BRAZIL
| | - Fabio H. B Lima
- Universidade de Sao Paulo - Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos Físico-Química Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense, 400Centro 13566-590 São Carlos BRAZIL
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20
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Effect of Plating Variables on Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Ni–Zn–Fe Electrodes for Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) characteristics of Ni–Zn–Fe electrodes by varying plating current density and Ni:Fe ratio in a plating bath. The activity of the OER increased up to the plating current density of 160 mA/cm2, as the Fe content of the deposited electrode increased and electrochemical surface area (ECSA) increased after Zn dealloying. However, for the plated electrode with higher than 160 mA/cm2 of current density, the change in composition caused by underpotential deposition led to decreased activity due to decreasing Fe content and diminishing Zn dealloying. Moreover, when the Ni:Fe ratio in the plating bath was varied, outstanding OER activity was observed at Ni:Fe = 2:1. When the Fe content of the bath increased beyond this ratio, Fe could not restrain Ni oxidation and formed Fe oxides in OER reaction, and oxygen vacancy decreased. These caused a degradation of the OER activity.
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21
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Zirconia Toughened Alumina-Based Separator Membrane for Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolyzer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061173. [PMID: 35335503 PMCID: PMC8951763 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen is nowadays considered a favorable and attractive energy carrier fuel to replace other fuels that cause global warming problems. Water electrolysis has attracted the attention of researchers to produce green hydrogen mainly for the accumulation of renewable energy. Hydrogen can be safely used as a bridge to successfully connect the energy demand and supply divisions. An alkaline water electrolysis system owing to its low cost can efficiently use renewable energy sources on large scale. Normally organic/inorganic composite porous separator membranes have been employed as a membrane for alkaline water electrolyzers. However, the separator membranes exhibit high ionic resistance and low gas resistance values, resulting in lower efficiency and raised safety issues as well. Here, in this study, we report that zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA)–based separator membrane exhibits less ohmic resistance 0.15 Ω·cm2 and low hydrogen gas permeability 10.7 × 10−12 mol cm−1 s−1 bar−1 in 30 wt.% KOH solution, which outperforms the commercial, state-of-the-art Zirfon® PERL separator. The cell containing ZTA and advanced catalysts exhibit an excellent performance of 2.1 V at 2000 mA/cm2 at 30 wt.% KOH and 80 °C, which is comparable with PEM electrolysis. These improved results show that AWEs equipped with ZTA separators could be superior in performance to PEM electrolysis.
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Abstract
Currently, hydrogen production is based on the reforming process, leading to the emission of pollutants; therefore, a substitute production method is imminently required. Water electrolysis is an ideal alternative for large-scale hydrogen production, as it does not produce any carbon-based pollutant byproducts. The production of green hydrogen from water electrolysis using intermittent sources (e.g., solar and eolic sources) would facilitate clean energy storage. However, the electrocatalysts currently required for water electrolysis are noble metals, making this potential option expensive and inaccessible for industrial applications. Therefore, there is a need to develop electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant and low-cost metals. Nickel-based electrocatalysts are a fitting alternative because they are economically accessible. Extensive research has focused on developing nickel-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution. Theoretical and experimental work have addressed the elucidation of these electrochemical processes and the role of heteroatoms, structure, and morphology. Even though some works tend to be contradictory, they have lit up the path for the development of efficient nickel-based electrocatalysts. For these reasons, a review of recent progress is presented herein.
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Overview of Power Electronic Converter Topologies Enabling Large-Scale Hydrogen Production via Water Electrolysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Renewable power-to-hydrogen (P2H) technology is one of the most promising solutions for fulfilling the increasing global demand for hydrogen and to buffer large-scale, fluctuating renewable energies. The high-power, high-current ac/dc converter plays a crucial role in P2H facilities, transforming medium-voltage (MV) ac power to a large dc current to supply hydrogen electrolyzers. This work introduces the general requirements, and overviews several power converter topologies for P2H systems. The performances of different topologies are evaluated and compared from multiple perspectives. Moreover, the future trend of eliminating the line frequency transformer (LFT) is discussed. This work can provide guidance for future designing and implementing of power-electronics-based P2H systems.
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24
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Recent reports on hydrogen evolution reactions and catalysis. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Eldeighdye SM, Allam TM, Hassanin WF. The protective effect of non-thermal plasma against gamma irradiation in albino rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2021.1996844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Eldeighdye
- Biological Applications Dept, Nuclear Research Center (NRC), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa F. Hassanin
- Biological Applications Dept, Nuclear Research Center (NRC), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Improved performance of CNT-Pd modified Cu2O supported on Nickel foam for hydrogen evolution reaction in basic media. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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López-Fernández E, Sacedón CG, Gil-Rostra J, Yubero F, González-Elipe AR, de Lucas-Consuegra A. Recent Advances in Alkaline Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis and Electrode Manufacturing. Molecules 2021; 26:6326. [PMID: 34770735 PMCID: PMC8587517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water electrolysis to obtain hydrogen in combination with intermittent renewable energy resources is an emerging sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Among the available electrolyzer technologies, anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has been paid much attention because of its advantageous behavior compared to other more traditional approaches such as solid oxide electrolyzer cells, and alkaline or proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Recently, very promising results have been obtained in the AEMWE technology. This review paper is focused on recent advances in membrane electrode assembly components, paying particular attention to the preparation methods for catalyst coated on gas diffusion layers, which has not been previously reported in the literature for this type of electrolyzers. The most successful methodologies utilized for the preparation of catalysts, including co-precipitation, electrodeposition, sol-gel, hydrothermal, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, ion beam sputtering, and magnetron sputtering deposition techniques, have been detailed. Besides a description of these procedures, in this review, we also present a critical appraisal of the efficiency of the water electrolysis carried out with cells fitted with electrodes prepared with these procedures. Based on this analysis, a critical comparison of cell performance is carried out, and future prospects and expected developments of the AEMWE are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester López-Fernández
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC-University Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (F.Y.); (A.R.G.-E.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Celia Gómez Sacedón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Jorge Gil-Rostra
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC-University Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (F.Y.); (A.R.G.-E.)
| | - Francisco Yubero
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC-University Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (F.Y.); (A.R.G.-E.)
| | - Agustín R. González-Elipe
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC-University Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (F.Y.); (A.R.G.-E.)
| | - Antonio de Lucas-Consuegra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
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Flis‐Kabulska I, Gajek A, Flis J. Understanding the Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Activity toward Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Water Splitting by Anodically Formed Oxides on Ni and C‐containing Ni. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Flis‐Kabulska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Exact Sciences Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw Wóycickiego 1/3 building 21 01-938 Warszawa Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warszawa Poland
| | - Janusz Flis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warszawa Poland
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Zhang K, Zou R. Advanced Transition Metal-Based OER Electrocatalysts: Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100129. [PMID: 34114334 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half-reaction involved in many electrochemical applications, such as water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries. However, the sluggish kinetics of its four-electron transfer process becomes a bottleneck to the performance enhancement. Thus, rational design of electrocatalysts for OER based on thorough understanding of mechanisms and structure-activity relationship is of vital significance. This review begins with the introduction of OER mechanisms which include conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism and lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism. The reaction pathways and related intermediates are discussed in detail, and several descriptors which greatly assist in catalyst screen and optimization are summarized. Some important parameters suggested as measurement criteria for OER are also mentioned and discussed. Then, recent developments and breakthroughs in experimental achievements on transition metal-based OER electrocatalysts are reviewed to reveal the novel design principles. Finally, some perspectives and future directions are proposed for further catalytic performance enhancement and deeper understanding of catalyst design. It is believed that iterative improvements based on the understanding of mechanisms and fundamental design principles are essential to realize the applications of efficient transition metal-based OER electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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30
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Gohil JM, Dutta K. Structures and properties of polymers in ion exchange membranes for hydrogen generation by water electrolysis. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaydevsinh M. Gohil
- Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL) School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Kingshuk Dutta
- Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL) School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru Karnataka India
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31
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Yu ZY, Duan Y, Feng XY, Yu X, Gao MR, Yu SH. Clean and Affordable Hydrogen Fuel from Alkaline Water Splitting: Past, Recent Progress, and Future Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007100. [PMID: 34117808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen economy has emerged as a very promising alternative to the current hydrocarbon economy, which involves the process of harvesting renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen and then further utilization of clean hydrogen fuel. The production of hydrogen by water electrolysis is an essential prerequisite of the hydrogen economy with zero carbon emission. Among various water electrolysis technologies, alkaline water splitting has been commercialized for more than 100 years, representing the most mature and economic technology. Here, the historic development of water electrolysis is overviewed, and several critical electrochemical parameters are discussed. After that, advanced nonprecious metal electrocatalysts that emerged recently for negotiating the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are discussed, including transition metal oxides, (oxy)hydroxides, chalcogenides, phosphides, and nitrides for the OER, as well as transition metal alloys, chalcogenides, phosphides, and carbides for the HER. In this section, particular attention is paid to the catalyst synthesis, activity and stability challenges, performance improvement, and industry-relevant developments. Some recent works about scaled-up catalyst synthesis, novel electrode designs, and alkaline seawater electrolysis are also spotlighted. Finally, an outlook on future challenges and opportunities for alkaline water splitting is offered, and potential future directions are speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-You Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xing-Yu Feng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xingxing Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Min-Rui Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Cossar E, Agarwal K, Nguyen VB, Safari R, Botton GA, Baranova EA. Highly Active Nickel–Iron Nanoparticles With and Without Ceria for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Review of the Parameters That Influence the Efficiency of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental issues make the quest for better and cleaner energy sources a priority. Worldwide, researchers and companies are continuously working on this matter, taking one of two approaches: either finding new energy sources or improving the efficiency of existing ones. Hydrogen is a well-known energy carrier due to its high energy content, but a somewhat elusive one for being a gas with low molecular weight. This review examines the current electrolysis processes for obtaining hydrogen, with an emphasis on alkaline water electrolysis. This process is far from being new, but research shows that there is still plenty of room for improvement. The efficiency of an electrolyzer mainly relates to the overpotential and resistances in the cell. This work shows that the path to better electrolyzer efficiency is through the optimization of the cell components and operating conditions. Following a brief introduction to the thermodynamics and kinetics of water electrolysis, the most recent developments on several parameters (e.g., electrocatalysts, electrolyte composition, separator, interelectrode distance) are highlighted.
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34
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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35
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Hassan A, Liaquat R, Iqbal N, Ali G, Fan X, Hu Z, Anwar M, Ahmad A. Photo-electrochemical water splitting through graphene-based ZnS composites for H2 production. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nahidi S, Gavzan IJ, Saedodin S, Salari M. Experimental investigation on the effect of surface characterization of electrodes on the gas bubble dynamics in electrolyte flow and performance of FLA batteries by using PIV. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Raw biomass electroreforming coupled to green hydrogen generation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2008. [PMID: 33790295 PMCID: PMC8012647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress of coupling organic electrooxidation with hydrogen generation in a hybrid electrolysis, electroreforming of raw biomass coupled to green hydrogen generation has not been reported yet due to the rigid polymeric structures of raw biomass. Herein, we electrooxidize the most abundant natural amino biopolymer chitin to acetate with over 90% yield in hybrid electrolysis. The overall energy consumption of electrolysis can be reduced by 15% due to the thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable chitin oxidation over water oxidation. In obvious contrast to small organics as the anodic reactant, the abundance of chitin endows the new oxidation reaction excellent scalability. A solar-driven electroreforming of chitin and chitin-containing shrimp shell waste is coupled to safe green hydrogen production thanks to the liquid anodic product and suppression of oxygen evolution. Our work thus demonstrates a scalable and safe process for resource upcycling and green hydrogen production for a sustainable energy future. The scale-up of the coupling of water electroreduction (HER) with organic electrooxidation remains challenging. Here the authors address this challenge by coupling HER with electrooxidation of raw biomass chitin, cogenerating acetate and green hydrogen safely at high current density.
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38
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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39
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Liu X, MacDonald DD, Wang M, Xu Y. Effect of dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH on polarization behavior of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solution. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Conceptual Design Development of Coal-to-Methanol Process with Carbon Capture and Utilization. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13236421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is a clean fuel and an important feedstock for the petrochemical industry. Conventionally, the coal-to-methanol process generates a substantial amount of CO2 emissions with a low yield of methanol. In this study, we propose the conceptual design development of coal-to-methanol process using captured CO2 from the gasification plant by implying process intensification. The base case and three alternative designs have been developed using the Aspen Plus to analyze the process performance. The four designs have been compared in terms of their energy consumption, economics, methanol production rate, and carbon emissions while maintaining the gasifier operation conditions, sulfur content in the syngas, and stoichiometric number at the methanol synthesis reactor. Among the developed designs, the most feasible design requires an energy requirement and product cost of 21.9 GJ and $142.5 per ton of methanol product. The study also showed that the coal-to-methanol process assisted with external hydrogen from electrolysis plant for achieving higher production rates and low CO2 emissions is currently not economical due to the high H2 cost.
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41
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Zarghami A, Deen N, Vreman A. CFD modeling of multiphase flow in an alkaline water electrolyzer. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Lee JW, Lee C, Lee JH, Kim SK, Cho HS, Kim M, Cho WC, Joo JH, Kim CH. Cerium Oxide-Polysulfone Composite Separator for an Advanced Alkaline Electrolyzer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122821. [PMID: 33261186 PMCID: PMC7759930 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermittent and volatile nature of renewable energy sources threatens the stable operation of power grids, necessitating dynamically operated energy storage. Power-to-gas technology is a promising method for managing electricity variations on a large gigawatt (GW) scale. The electrolyzer is a key component that can convert excess electricity into hydrogen with high flexibility. Recently, organic/inorganic composite separators have been widely used as diaphragm membranes; however, they are prone to increase ohmic resistance and gas crossover, which inhibit electrolyzer efficiency. Here, we show that the ceria nanoparticle and polysulfone composite separator exhibits a low area resistance of 0.16 Ω cm2 and a hydrogen permeability of 1.2 × 10–12 mol cm–1 s–1 bar–1 in 30 wt% potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte, which outperformed the commercial separator, the Zirfon PERL separator. The cell using a 100 nm ceria nanoparticle/polysulfone separator and advanced catalysts has a remarkable capability of 1.84 V at 800 mA cm−2 at 30 wt% and 80 °C. The decrease in the average pore size of 77 nm and high wettability (contact angle 75°) contributed to the reduced ohmic resistance and low gas crossover. These results demonstrate that the use of ceria nanoparticle-based separators can achieve high performance compared to commercial zirconia-based separators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Department of Urban, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - ChangSoo Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Jae Hun Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Kyung Kim
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Cho
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - MinJoong Kim
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Won Chul Cho
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.C.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Jong Hoon Joo
- Department of Urban, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
- Department of Advanced Material Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.C.C.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chang-Hee Kim
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (J.W.L.); (C.L.); (J.H.L.); (S.-K.K.); (H.-S.C.); (M.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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43
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On the local corrosion in a thin layer of electrolyte separating two materials: specific aspects and their contribution to pad-to-disk stiction in automobile brake system. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Oliveira RC, Sevim M, Šljukić B, Sequeira CA, Metin Ö, Santos DM. Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride-supported binary MPt (M: Co, Ni, Cu) nanoalloys as electrocatalysts for borohydride oxidation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Cardoso J, Šljukić B, Kayhan E, Sequeira C, Santos D. Palladium-nickel on tin oxide-carbon composite supports for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Abstract
This study examines how the several major industries, associated with a carbon artifact production, essentially belong to one, closely knit family. The common parents are the geological fossils called petroleum and coal. The study also reviews the major developments in carbon nanotechnology and electrocatalysis over the last 30 years or so. In this context, the development of various carbon materials with size, dopants, shape, and structure designed to achieve high catalytic electroactivity is reported, and among them recent carbon electrodes with many important features are presented together with their relevant applications in chemical technology, neurochemical monitoring, electrode kinetics, direct carbon fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and supercapattery.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A C Sequeira
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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47
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Effects of Chemical Compositions on Plating Characteristics of Alkaline Non-Cyanide Electrogalvanized Coatings. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112101. [PMID: 33113991 PMCID: PMC7690725 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of zinc and sodium hydroxide concentrations in an alkaline non-cyanide zinc bath on the electrodeposition characteristics of zinc deposits are systematically investigated. Using microstructural and phase analyses of specimens with specifically designed geometries, the study indicates that the bath formulations critically control the electrogalvanizing characteristics and affect the coating surface morphology, deposition rate, throwing power, coating uniformity, and residual stresses developed during and after electrogalvanizing. The coatings produced from baths with a moderate Zn-to-NaOH ratio of 0.067-0.092 appear to provide uniform and compact deposits, moderately high deposition rate, and relatively low residual stresses.
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49
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A Detrimental Effect of Acetonitrile on the Kinetics of Underpotentially Deposited Hydrogen and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Examined on Pt Electrode in H2SO4 and NaOH Solutions. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper reports AC impedance spectroscopic/Tafel polarization and cyclic voltammetry study on the influence of acetonitrile concentration on the kinetics of UPD of H (underpotential deposition of hydrogen) and HER (hydrogen evolution reaction), examined on polycrystalline and polyoriented single-crystal sphere Pt electrode surfaces in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M NaOH supporting solutions. The resulted data provided confirmation of the destructive role of Pt surface-electrosorbed acetonitrile on the kinetics of underpotentially deposited hydrogen, as well as cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. The above was exclusively elucidated through evaluation of the associated charge-transfer resistance and capacitance (and complementary exchange current-density and Tafel slope) parameters, derived comparatively on Pt for pure and acetonitrile-modified acidic and alkaline electrolytes.
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50
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Nadeema A, Pandurang Kharabe G, Prakash Biswal D, Kurungot S. Co@CoAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide/Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Composite Catalyst for Al−H
2
O‐Based Batteries: Simultaneous Hydrogen Production and Electricity Generation. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayasha Nadeema
- Physical and Materials Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Geeta Pandurang Kharabe
- Physical and Materials Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Dibya Prakash Biswal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Sreekumar Kurungot
- Physical and Materials Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
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