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Martins IVF, Sperandio NDC. Fasciolosis in ruminants in Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e002924. [PMID: 38803825 PMCID: PMC11129511 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to promote discussion about the situation of fasciolosis in ruminants in Brazil. The disease is still found more frequently in the South and Southeast regions, but reports outside these areas show the spread of the disease, including human cases. Many studies have been published on the diagnosis and control of fasciolosis, but development of field diagnosis methods and drugs that control all stages of the parasite is still a challenge. Studies should be carried out of new distribution areas and alternatives for control in Brazil, which depends on understanding the complex interactions between of the environment, ecosystems and hosts of this trematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Vilhena Freire Martins
- Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias (CCAE), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, ES, Brazil
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González-Warleta M, Castro-Hermida JA, Figueira M, López J, Conesa D, López-Quílez A, Ubeira FM, Mezo M. Bayesian hierarchical modelling of the geospatial distribution of fasciolosis in dairy cattle and the impact on production: Application to the main milk-producing region (Galicia) in Spain. Vet Parasitol 2024; 325:110091. [PMID: 38056318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica is a common parasitic infection among cattle in many countries. Although infected adult cows rarely show overt clinical signs, milk production may be impaired. Thus, significant production losses may occur in dairy herds with a high prevalence of fasciolosis. In this study, Bayesian hierarchical modelling was used to estimate the geospatial distribution of dairy cattle fasciolosis and its impact on milk production. The study was conducted in Galicia, the main milk producing region in Spain and a geographically heterogeneous area. The aims were: 1) to model the geospatial distribution of fasciolosis in dairy herds in the study area, 2) to identify clusters of herds with a high prevalence of fasciolosis, and 3) to assess the effect of fasciolosis on milk yield and quality. A large number of dairy cattle farms (n = 4907), of which 1660 provided production records, were surveyed. Fasciola infection status was determined by applying the MM3-SERO ELISA test to bulk tank milk samples. A high probability of infection was predicted in several zones, particularly in the centre, northeast and southeast of Galicia. Conversely, the predicted probability was very low in some parts of the northwest of the region. Infections with high within-herd prevalence (> 25% lactating cows infected) predominated. High within-herd prevalence was associated with loss of milk production (-1.387 kg/cow/ day, on average). No association between Fasciola infection and either milk fat or protein content was observed. This study has generated the first maps of the spatial distribution of the probability of Fasciola infection in dairy cattle herds in Galicia. The maps presented here can be used for reference purposes, enabling the design of better targeted fasciolosis control programmes in the region. Use of Bayesian hierarchical statistical analysis enabled us to ascertain the uncertainty of the predictions and to account for the spatial autocorrelation in the data. It also enabled us to generate maps showing the residual spatial variation in milk production, a topic that may deserve more detailed study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta González-Warleta
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, AGACAL, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Antonio Castro-Hermida
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, AGACAL, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mario Figueira
- Valencia Bayesian Research Group, Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Jesúa López
- Valencia Bayesian Research Group, Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - David Conesa
- Valencia Bayesian Research Group, Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Quílez
- Valencia Bayesian Research Group, Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Florencio M Ubeira
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mezo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo, AGACAL, Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain.
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Ashoor SJ, Wakid MH. Prevalence and hepatic histopathological findings of fascioliasis in sheep slaughtered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6609. [PMID: 37095133 PMCID: PMC10126202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fascioliasis is an important parasitic disease responsible for morbidity and mortality in many domestic ruminants, especially sheep, goats, and cattle, due to Fasciola (F.) hepatica and F. gigantica. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fascioliasis in sheep slaughtered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to describe the morphological and histopathological changes in the liver. A total of 109,253 sheep slaughtered between July 2017 and July 2018 were screened to assess the prevalence of fascioliasis. The livers were grossly investigated for Fasciola infection and morphological changes. Tissue samples were collected for proper histopathological examinations. Livers of local and imported sheep represented infection rates of 0.67% and 2.12%, respectively, and the highest infection rate was in the spring season. Macroscopically, the affected liver showed hepatomegaly, thickened capsule and discoloration with necrosis, fibrosis, dilation of the bile duct, engorgement of the gallbladder and enlargement of the portal lymph nodes. Microscopic examination showed fibrotic thickening, calcification and hyperplasia of the bile ducts filled with debris, as well as massive hemorrhagic foci. Histopathological examinations of the infected liver showed a central vein region with disturbed parenchyma cells, focal lymphocytic infiltration, elongated endothelial cells, blood sinusoids that showed enlarged Kupffer cells, patches of lysed or necrotic hepatocytes, eosinophil infiltration, lymphocytes and proliferating fibroblast, thickening of hepatic artery and arteriolar walls. We concluded that fascioliasis among sheep slaughtered in Jeddah is not uncommon. The identified histopathological changes in the liver of infected sheep reflect tissue damage, which can lead to significant economic losses for the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safinaz J Ashoor
- Department of Diagnostic Laboratory, Fakieh Poultry Farm, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80324, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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McCusker P, Hussain W, McVeigh P, McCammick E, Clarke NG, Robb E, McKay FM, Brophy PM, Timson DJ, Mousley A, Marks NJ, Maule AG. RNA interference dynamics in juvenile Fasciola hepatica are altered during in vitro growth and development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2020; 14:46-55. [PMID: 32866764 PMCID: PMC7475519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For over a decade RNA interference (RNAi) has been an important molecular tool for functional genomics studies in parasitic flatworms. Despite this, our understanding of RNAi dynamics in many flatworm parasites, such as the temperate liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), remains rudimentary. The ability to maintain developing juvenile fluke in vitro provides the opportunity to perform functional studies during development of the key pathogenic life stage. Here, we investigate the RNAi competence of developing juvenile liver fluke. Firstly, all life stages examined possess, and express, core candidate RNAi effectors encouraging the hypothesis that all life stages of F. hepatica are RNAi competent. RNAi effector analyses supported growing evidence that parasitic flatworms have evolved a separate clade of RNAi effectors with unknown function. Secondly, we assessed the impact of growth/development during in vitro culture on RNAi in F. hepatica juveniles and found that during the first week post-excystment liver fluke juveniles exhibit quantitatively lower RNAi mediated transcript knockdown when maintained in growth inducing media. This did not appear to occur in older in vitro juveniles, suggesting that rapidly shifting transcript dynamics over the first week following excystment alters RNAi efficacy after a single 24 h exposure to double stranded (ds)RNA. Finally, RNAi efficiency was found to be improved through use of a repeated dsRNA exposure methodology that has facilitated silencing of genes in a range of tissues, thereby increasing the utility of RNAi as a functional genomics tool in F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McCusker
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Wasim Hussain
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Erin McCammick
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nathan G Clarke
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emily Robb
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona M McKay
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - David J Timson
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Angela Mousley
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nikki J Marks
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aaron G Maule
- Microbe and Pathogen Biology, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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da Costa RA, Corbellini LG, Castro-Janer E, Riet-Correa F. Evaluation of losses in carcasses of cattle naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica: effects on weight by age range and on carcass quality parameters. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:867-872. [PMID: 31545963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although fasciolosis is a relatively common disease, the productive and economic losses resulting from cattle with chronic fasciolosis are unclear. This paper aims to investigate the effect of fasciolosis on the parameters of carcass quality and discuss the hypothesis that the effects on weight differ among age ranges of cattle. For this, we analysed abattoir data of 30,151 bovines, from 928 farms, slaughtered in Uruguay in 2016, of which 33.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27.3-41.1%) had Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke). A mixed model was built to assess whether the effect of fasciolosis on weight differs depending on the age range, using the interaction term 'age*F. hepatica'. The effect on the carcass parameters was tested using a proportional logistic regression. The interaction of age and F. hepatica was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Differences in carcass weights between infected and non-infected animals were observed mostly at younger ages (up to 30 months), with the highest difference observed in the 23-30 months age range (estimated marginal mean difference of 6.34 kg). Overall, the presence of F. hepatica was positively associated with poor conformations and lower fat scores of carcasses (P < 0.001). The carcasses of cattle infected with F. hepatica had 0.16 times greater odds of having worse conformation scores than carcasses of cattle without F. hepatica (proportional odds ratio (POR) = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.26). Similarly, carcasses of cattle with F. hepatica had 0.30 times (POR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23-1.39) greater odds of having poorer fat scores than carcasses of cattle without F. hepatica. Therefore, infection with F. hepatica is associated with poorer carcass quality parameters and lower weights, and the effect on weight differs across age ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Almeida da Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 Km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Luis Gustavo Corbellini
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 Km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Colonia, Uruguay; Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (Epilab), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eleonor Castro-Janer
- Departamento de Parasitología Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 Km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Colonia, Uruguay.
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Oliveira PAD, Ruas JL, Riet-Correa F, Coelho ACB, Santos BL, Marcolongo-Pereira C, Sallis ESV, Schild AL. Doenças parasitárias em bovinos e ovinos no sul do Brasil: frequência e estimativa de perdas econômicas. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Foi realizado um levantamento das doenças parasitárias de bovinos e ovinos diagnosticadas na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2014 no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Em bovinos 10,1% de todos os diagnosticos tratavam-se de parasitoses, das quais a mais frequente foi a tristeza parasitária bovina, com 55,1% dos surtos. As parasitoses gastrintestinais mistas foram diagnosticadas em 22,35% dos casos, a hemoncose em 4,36%, a dictiocaulose em 3,52%, a fasciolose em 2,68% e a eimeriose em 1,84%. Em ovinos 33,6% dos diagnósticos realizados eram parasitoses, sendo as mais frequentes as parasitoses gastrintestinais mistas (42,7%), a hemoncose (35,4%), a coenurose (9,1%) e a fasciolose (4,4%). Estima-se que as perdas somente por mortalidade, decorrentes de doenças parasitárias em bovinos somam aproximadamente R$16.968.000/ano. Na espécie ovina as perdas econômicas causadas por mortalidade de origem parasitária são de aproximadamente R$2.016.000/ano na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi possível concluir que, em bovinos, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, os agentes da TPB são os principais causadores de perdas econômicas, seguidos pelas parasitoses mistas. Em ovinos a parasitose gastrintestinal mista e a hemoncose, juntas, representam mais de 70% dos diagnósticos realizados.
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