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Cao Z, Guan D, Wu X. Two fatal cases of acetone cyanohydrin poisoning: case report and literature review. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021. [PMID: 34665394 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), an organic cyanide, is mainly used in the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA), and it also exists in cassava roots, the main calorie source in some tropical countries. ACH can decompose spontaneously or enzymatically into acetone and highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and be potentially toxic to its contacts. Given that limited forensic studies and case reports on fatal ACH poisoning are available, herein, we present a report of two fatal cases of ACH poisoning in which the two victims, with postmortem cyanide blood concentrations of 4.22 μg/ml and 4.07 μg/ml, suffered from acute poisoning of ACH due to a traffic accident. Furthermore, a literature review of cyanide poisoning case reports from 2000 to 2020 was carried out, and 28 subjects with cyanide poisoning were presented, including the age, sex, cause of poisoning, autopsy findings and the cyanide concentration in the blood. ACH poisoning lacks specific and reliable autopsy findings for diagnosis, and relevant toxicological studies are necessary. Due to the chemical properties of ACH that allow it to easily decompose, the toxicological analysis of acetone and cyanide in biological samples is essential for the diagnosis of ACH poisoning.
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Sun H, Zhou Y, Skaro MF, Wu Y, Qu Z, Mao F, Zhao S, Xu Y. Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Is Induced to Increase Proton Production. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1143-1155. [PMID: 31932456 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considerable metabolic reprogramming has been observed in a conserved manner across multiple cancer types, but their true causes remain elusive. We present an analysis of around 50 such reprogrammed metabolisms (RM) including the Warburg effect, nucleotide de novo synthesis, and sialic acid biosynthesis in cancer. Analyses of the biochemical reactions conducted by these RMs, coupled with gene expression data of their catalyzing enzymes, in 7,011 tissues of 14 cancer types, revealed that all RMs produce more H+ than their original metabolisms. These data strongly support a model that these RMs are induced or selected to neutralize a persistent intracellular alkaline stress due to chronic inflammation and local iron overload. To sustain these RMs for survival, cells must find metabolic exits for the nonproton products of these RMs in a continuous manner, some of which pose major challenges, such as nucleotides and sialic acids, because they are electrically charged. This analysis strongly suggests that continuous cell division and other cancerous behaviors are ways for the affected cells to remove such products in a timely and sustained manner. As supporting evidence, this model can offer simple and natural explanations to a range of long-standing open questions in cancer research including the cause of the Warburg effect. SIGNIFICANCE: Inhibiting acidifying metabolic reprogramming could be a novel strategy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Sun
- Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Yi Zhou
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Michael Francis Skaro
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zexing Qu
- Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fenglou Mao
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Zhang D, Lian M, Liu J, Tang S, Liu G, Ma C, Meng Q, Peng H, Zhu D. Preparation of O-Protected Cyanohydrins by Aerobic Oxidation of α-Substituted Malononitriles in the Presence of Diarylphosphine Oxides. Org Lett 2019; 21:2597-2601. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Mingming Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shukun Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Irradiation Technology Application Factory of Changshu, Changshu 215557, China
| | - Cunfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Department, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Department, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
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Zhai Y, Zhao X, Cui Z, Wang M, Wang Y, Li L, Sun Q, Yang X, Zeng D, Liu Y, Sun Y, Lou Z, Shang L, Yin Z. Cyanohydrin as an Anchoring Group for Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Enterovirus 71 3C Protease. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9414-20. [PMID: 26571192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanohydrin derivatives as enterovirus 71 (EV71) 3C protease (3C(pro)) inhibitors have been synthesized and assayed for their biochemical and antiviral activities. Compared with the reported inhibitors, cyanohydrins (1S,2S,2'S,5S)-16 and (1R,2S,2'S,5S)-16 exhibited significantly improved activity and attractive selectivity profiles against other proteases, which were a result of the specific interactions between the cyanohydrin moiety and the catalytic site of 3C(pro). Cyanohydrin as an anchoring group with high selectivity and excellent inhibitory activity represents a useful choice for cysteine protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhai
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangshuai Zhao
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhengjie Cui
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Man Wang
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Laboratory of Structural Biological & Ministry of Education (MOE), and Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Debin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuna Sun
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- Laboratory of Structural Biological & Ministry of Education (MOE), and Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luqing Shang
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
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