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Casirati A, Crotti S, Raffaele A, Caccialanza R, Cereda E. The use of phase angle in patients with digestive and liver diseases. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:503-524. [PMID: 36745355 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of the liver and the digestive system can lead to malnutrition through an action of reduced food intake or nutrient use, inflammation and impaired metabolism, which result in substantial changes in body composition. Frequently, malnutrition manifests itself with weight loss and reduced muscle mass. However, weight loss and body mass index lack sensitivity to detect the loss of muscle mass and are not informative in distinguishing body water compartments and in characterizing their distribution. This issue is particularly relevant to these two disease models, which are frequently associated with fluid volume imbalances. Phase angle is a useful indicator for cell membrane integrity, water distribution between the intracellular and extracellular spaces and prediction of body cell mass as it is described by measured components of electrical impedance. Malnutrition, inflammation and oxidative stress impair electric tissue properties leading to lower values of PhA. In patients with inflammatory bowel and liver diseases, PhA was consistently found to be related to nutritional status and body composition, particularly the depletion of lean body mass and sarcopenia. It has been associated with prognosis, disease stage and severity and found to be helpful in monitoring fluid shifts and response to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Casirati
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Crotti
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raffaele
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Wang J, Zhou L, Bei J, Xie M, Zhu X, Chen T, Wang X, Du Y, Yao Y. An specific photoelectrochemical sensor based on pillar[5]arenes functionalized gold nanoparticles and bismuth oxybromide nanoflowers for bovine hemoglobin recognition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:187-198. [PMID: 35421754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for the detection of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) was developed based on water-soluble pillar[5]arenes (WP5) functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoflowers (Au@WP5/BiOBr). The photoelectrical signal of dopamine (DA) was decreased after adding the different concentrations of BHb due to the formation of hydrogen bond between the COOH groups of BHb molecules and the NH2 group of DA, which could achieve the indirect detection of BHb. Benefiting from the photo-generated electron-holes of BiOBr nanoflowers, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Au NPs, the host-guest interaction of WP5 between and DA, the PEC sensor showed a specificallyrecognize toward BHb with a wide detection range of 1.0 × 10-11-1.0 × 10-1 mg/mL and a detection limit of 4.2 × 10-12 mg/mL (S/N = 3). Additionally, the proposed PEC sensor also displayed good stability, remarkable selectivity and provided a promising strategy of design pillar[5]arenes functionalized photoelectric activity nanomaterials for PEC sensing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Jiali Bei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Xiting Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Chemical, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
| | - Yukou Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
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Hao Z, Huang C, Zhao C, Kospan A, Wang Z, Li F, Wang H, Zhao X, Pan Y, Liu S. Ultrasensitive Graphene-Based Nanobiosensor for Rapid Detection of Hemoglobin in Undiluted Biofluids. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1624-1632. [PMID: 35380036 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Detection of hemoglobin (Hb), a critical part of the biological system that is responsible for oxygen transportation, is of great significance on clinical diagnosis of various diseases. Particularly, time-efficient Hb detection under nanomole levels has drawn much attention in recent years. Herein, we present a graphene field effect transistor (GFET)-based aptameric nanobiosensor for rapid detection of Hb in undiluted biofluids including serum and urine and for the first time use polyethylenimine (PEI), a kind of comparatively low-cost polymer consisting of numerous amino groups, which can be directly linked with the anchor molecule without any pretreatment as the graphene surface passivation agent. Experimental results indicate the PEI-modified graphene aptameric nanobiosensor can respond to the Hb concentration change in a few minutes (6-8 min) with estimated detection limits of 10.6 fM in 1× PBS, 14.2 fM in undiluted serum, and 11.9 fM in undiluted urine, respectively. Further, considering the potential use of our sensor for implantable and wearable applications, we also examine the sensing performance of the sensor fabricated on an ultrathin flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The Hb detection results are almost invariable even after 100 cycles of cyclic extension by 120% or 100 cycles of bending with a radius of 1 mm. Hence, our sensor holds great potential for accurate monitoring of nanomole levels of Hb in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.,School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Cong Huang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Chenjian Zhao
- Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Aisara Kospan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ziran Wang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Feiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.,School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xuezeng Zhao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yunlu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.,School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
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Lindqvist C, Slinde F, Majeed A, Bottai M, Wahlin S. Nutrition impact symptoms are related to malnutrition and quality of life – A cross-sectional study of patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1840-1848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is associated with significant nutritional risks that often result in serious hepatic complications and poor survival rates. Diet is an important but underutilized aspect in the treatment modality of cirrhosis. Therefore, the aims of this review are to ascertain nutritional risks associated with its pathophysiology and to summarize existing evidence that support dietary recommendations for managing this patient population. Alterations in substrate utilization for energy production is a main feature of liver cirrhosis, resulting in increased catabolism of protein stores and a predisposition toward protein-energy malnutrition, even in the early stages of the disease. The body of evidence suggests that a high energy and protein (>1.2 g/kg body weight/d) diet consumed frequently and late in the evening is effective in improving nutritional status of these patients and has been associated with improved hospitalization and mortality rates. The use of branched-chain amino acid supplementation shows promise in reducing cirrhosis-related complications but are currently limited by adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and poor palatability. Furthermore exploration of dietary manipulation of branched-chain amino acid warrants further examination. Evidence is also accumulating that protein intake should not be restricted in patients with hepatic encephalopathy with earlier studies of protein restriction neglecting to account for the relative increase in fermentable fiber which would reduce the absorption of ammonia into the portal system in a way similar to supplementation with lactulose. Finally, a major finding of this review is the need to improve the quality and quantity of dietary intervention studies for patients with liver cirrhosis, particularly with the use of partial or whole dietary sources. In conclusion, dietary management of cirrhosis is not a one-size fits all approach but should be implemented earlier on in the treatment algorithm to improve the clinical prognosis of cirrhosis.
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A Comprehensive Review of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Other Methods in the Assessment of Nutritional Status in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:6765856. [PMID: 28894465 PMCID: PMC5574293 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6765856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that approximately 24–66% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop malnutrition. Numerous pathological processes lead to serious disorders of nutritional status in this group of patients. Malnutrition in the course of liver cirrhosis is associated with increased morbidity, complications, and low quality of life. Under these conditions, detection of malnutrition is of crucial importance. This review explores the complex mechanisms that lead to malnutrition in the course of liver cirrhosis and focuses on methods used in the assessment of nutritional status in cirrhotic patients. Among others, the role of bioelectrical impedance is highlighted. This noninvasive tool is promising and quite an accurate method of estimating body composition.
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Abstract
Cirrhosis is a typical representative of end-stage liver diseases. Cirrhotic patients have higher nutritional risk and different degrees of malnutrition, which are closely related to the degree of liver injury and seriously affect prognosis. Compared to patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, the abnormal energy and substance metabolism in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is more prominent, and even equivalent to the metabolic status of hepatitis B liver failure. This may be related to the role of alcohol in the body's energy and substance metabolism. Therefore, early reasonable individualized nutrition therapy can effectively improve liver function and nutritional status, reduce the incidence of complications, and ultimately improve prognosis.
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Maharshi S, Sharma BC, Srivastava S. Malnutrition in cirrhosis increases morbidity and mortality. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1507-13. [PMID: 25974421 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Malnutrition is frequent in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with complications like ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infections, and death. We determined the prevalence of malnutrition by various methods and its clinical importance in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Consecutive patients of cirrhosis from August 2013 to February 2015 were assessed. Nutritional status was assessed by traditional model (mid-arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, serum albumin, creatinine height index, total lymphocyte count), handgrip, and body composition analysis measuring skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass. All patients were followed up for 12 months to assess the outcome. RESULTS 247 patients (age 42.10 ± 10.14 years, 81% male) were included in the study. Etiology of cirrhosis was alcohol in 53% patients. Prevalence of malnutrition was 59.5% according to traditional model, 66.8% by body composition analysis and 71.4% by handgrip. Nutritional status was poor in alcoholic cirrhotics versus nonalcoholics as assessed by triceps skinfold thickness (9.33 ± 2.9 vs 11.64 ± 3.5 mm; P = 0.001), serum albumin (25.1 ± 4 vs 28.1 ± 4 g/L; P = 0.001), and body fat mass (7.6 ± 3.1 vs 8.7 ± 3.3 kg; P = 0.008). Prevalence of malnutrition was 12/27 (44.5%), 96/131 (73.3%) and 84/89 (94.4%) in Child's class A, B, and C respectively. Complications requiring hospitalization (71.3% vs 38.2%; 0.002) and mortality (41.1% vs 18.2%; P = 0.001) were more in malnourished patients compared to well nourished. Nutritional assessment parameters significantly correlated with the liver disease severity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of malnutrition is high in patients with cirrhosis. It is associated with increased complications and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Maharshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Madden AM, Smith S. Body composition and morphological assessment of nutritional status in adults: a review of anthropometric variables. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 29:7-25. [PMID: 25420774 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of body composition is an important part of assessing nutritional status and provides prognostically useful data and an opportunity to monitor the effects of nutrition-related disease progression and nutritional intervention. The aim of this narrative review is to critically evaluate body composition methodology in adults, focusing on anthropometric variables. The variables considered include height, weight, body mass index and alternative indices, trunk measurements (waist and hip circumferences and sagittal abdominal diameter) and limb measurements (mid-upper arm and calf circumferences) and skinfold thickness. The importance of adhering to a defined measurement protocol, checking measurement error and the need to interpret measurements using appropriate population-specific cut-off values to identify health risks were highlighted. Selecting the optimum method for assessing body composition using anthropometry depends on the purpose (i.e. evaluating obesity or undernutrition) and requires practitioners to have a good understanding of both practical and theoretical limitations and to be able to interpret the results wisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Madden
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - S Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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