Therapeutic effects of vitamin D on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Suramin Exerts an Ameliorative Effect on Acetic Acid-Induced Acute Colitis in Rats by Demonstrating Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential protective effects of suramin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological damage a rat model of acute colitis created with acetic acid. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino (male) rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control (n = 10), colitis + saline (n = 10), and colitis + suramin (n = 10). Rectal instillation of 4% acetic acid was used to induce acute colitis. Suramin (10 mg/kg/day) or saline was administered intraperitoneally for 15 days. Plasma concentrations of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spectrophotometric methods. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and TNF-α levels in colonic tissue were also measured. Histopathological evaluations were conducted using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Significant increases in plasma and tissue inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters, and histopathological scores were observed when compared to control group; values were higher in colitis group. Suramin treatment significantly reduced plasma PTX3, TNF-α, NETs, and MDA levels, and colonic TNF-α and VEGF concentrations compared to the untreated colitis group. Histological analysis showed reduced epithelial injury and leukocyte presence in rats receiving suramin. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that suramin significantly attenuates inflammatory and oxidative damage in an experimental model of acute colitis. These results suggest that suramin may possess therapeutic potential in intestinal inflammation; however, this effect requires further support through advanced experimental and clinical studies.

Ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia L. fruits ameloriates TNBS and AA induced colitis in rats: a histological and electron microscopic study

The anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanol extract of Momordica charantia in two different chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease models, which are frequently used in experimental studies, was investigated. For this purpose, IBD models were created with acetic acid (AA) and 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) in rats and 300 mg/kg M.charantia extract was given by oral gavage for 10 days. In the animal experiment phase, a total of 42 animals in six groups were arranged so that two different experimental models could be studied simultaneously. Colon tissues were examined at light and electron microscopy levels. In the microscopic examination, areas of inflammation extending to the muscularis externa were observed in the macroscopically severely damaged areas in both IBD model groups, and epithelial damage, mucosal inflammation, and crypt abscess were observed in the macroscopically less damaged areas. Microscopic large intestine damage was significantly reduced in M.charantia administered groups compared to disease models. TNF-α and IL-1β expression, which was determined to be increased in the AA and TNBS groups immunohistochemically, was observed to decrease in the treatment groups. The surface epithelium was evaluated by electron microscopic observations. This study demonstrates the positive effect of M.charantia ethanol extract on colon histopathology in two different IBD models and highlights the importance of considering inflammation-related cell populations in the treatment of this disease.

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Role of Vitamin D and Curcumin in Acetic Acid-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis Model

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a disease that negatively affects quality of life and is associated with sustained oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal permeability. Vitamin D and Curcumin; It has pharmacological properties beneficial to health, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our study investigates the role of Vitamin D and Curcumin in acetic acid-induced acute colitis model. To investigate the effect of Vitamin D and Curcumin, Wistar-albino rats were given 0.4 mcg/kg Vitamin D (Post-Vit D, Pre-Vit D) and 200 mg/kg Curcumin (Post-Cur, Pre-Cur) for 7 days and acetic acid was injected into all rats except the control group. Our results; colon tissue TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and MPO levels were found significantly higher and Occludin levels were found significantly lower in the colitis group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). TNF-α and IFN-γ levels decreased and Occludin levels increased in colon tissue of Post-Vit D group compared to colitis group (p < 0.05). IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were decreased in colon tissue of Post-Cur and Pre-Cur groups (p < 0.05). MPO levels in colon tissue decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Vitamin D and Curcumin treatment significantly reduced inflammation and restored the normal histoarchitecture of the colon. From the present study findings, we can conclude that Vitamin D and Curcumin protect the colon from acetic acid toxicity with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.