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Liu X, Yang J, Fu J, Xie TG, Jiang PC, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Walia M, Kumar P, Singh B, Agnihotri VK. UPLC-DAD quantification of chemical constituents of Potentilla atrosanguinea roots and their antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:4337-4345. [PMID: 30228433 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Potentilla atrosanguinea, native to Himalayan region, is well known for its curative effects in traditional medicinal system. An ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method for the quantification of constituents of root part of P. atrosanguinea has been developed along with antioxidant activity evaluation. A simple and sensitive quantification method developed for seven compounds however only four compounds; p-coumaric acid (4), rutin (7), tiliroside (14) and kaempferol (16) were quantified as others were in lesser amount. Syringic acid and quercetin were found in trace amount whereas chlorogenic acid was absent in the ethanol extract of roots of P. atrosanguinea. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 21.75 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 8.57 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dry plant material, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extract was assessed using three assays; 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The IC50 values; 35.75 μg/ml and 30.35 μg/ml by DPPH and ABTS assays for ethanolic extract showed excellent free radical scavenging potential of its root part. The ferric reducing ability (FRAP) value, 26.67 mg of ascorbic acid per gram also indicated its higher antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanka Walia
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- 2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
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Qiu T, Wu D, Yang L, Ye H, Wang Q, Cao Z, Tang K. Exploring the Mechanism of Flavonoids Through Systematic Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:918. [PMID: 30158870 PMCID: PMC6104453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are the largest class of plant polyphenols, with common structure of diphenylpropanes, consisting of two aromatic rings linked through three carbons and are abundant in both daily diets and medicinal plants. Fueled by the recognition of consuming flavonoids to get better health, researchers became interested in deciphering how flavonoids alter the functions of human body. Here, systematic studies were performed on 679 flavonoid compounds and 481 corresponding targets through bioinformatics analysis. Multiple human diseases related pathways including cancers, neuro-disease, diabetes, and infectious diseases were significantly regulated by flavonoids. Specific functions of each flavonoid subclass were further analyzed in both target and pathway level. Flavones and isoflavones were significantly enriched in multi-cancer related pathways, flavan-3-ols were found focusing on cellular processing and lymphocyte regulation, flavones preferred to act on cardiovascular related activities and isoflavones were closely related with cell multisystem disorders. Relationship between chemical constitution fragment and biological effects indicated that different side chain could significantly affect the biological functions of flavonoids subclasses. Results will highlight the common and preference functions of flavonoids and their subclasses, which concerning their pharmacological and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingfeng Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - LinLin Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Medicine Research Center, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Sinotech Genomics Ltd., Shanghai, China.,East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailin Tang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Novaes P, Ferreira MJP, Santos DYACD. Flavonols from Annona coriacea Mart. (Annonaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Characterization of bioactive compounds of Annona cherimola L. leaves using a combined approach based on HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and NMR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3607-3619. [PMID: 29629503 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Annona cherimola Mill. (cherimoya) has widely been used as food crop. The leaves of this tree possess several health benefits, which are, in general, attributed mainly to its bioactive composition. However, literature concerning a comprehensive characterization based on a combined approach, which consists of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS), from these leaves is scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the polar profile of full extracts of cherimoya leaves by using these tools. Thus, a total of 77 compounds have been characterized, 12 of which were identified by both techniques. Briefly, 23 compounds were classified as amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, cholines, phenolic acid derivatives, and flavonoids by NMR, while 66 metabolites were divided into sugars, amino acids, phenolic acids and derivatives, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other polar compounds by HPLC-TOF-MS. It is worth mentioning that different solvent mixtures were tested and the total phenolic content in the extracts quantified (TPC via HPLC-TOF-MS). The tendency observed was EtOH/water 80/20 (v/v) (17.0 ± 0.2 mg TPC/g leaf dry weight (d.w.)) ≥ acetone/water 70/30 (v/v) (16.1 ± 0.7 mg TPC/g leaf d.w.) > EtOH/water 70/30 (v/v) (14.0 ± 0.3 mg TPC/g leaf d.w.) > acetone/water 80/20 (v/v) (13.5 ± 0.4 mg TPC/g leaf d.w.). Importantly, flavonoids derivatives were between 63 and 76% of the TPC in those extracts. Major compounds were sucrose, glucose (α and β), and proline, and chlorogenic acid and rutin for NMR and HPLC-TOF-MS, respectively. Graphical abstract The combined use of LC-HRMS and NMR is a potential synergic combination for a comprehensive metabolite composition of cherimoya leaves.
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Leishmanicidal Activity of (+)-Phyllanthidine and the Phytochemical Profile of Margaritaria nobilis (Phyllanthaceae). Molecules 2015; 20:22157-69. [PMID: 26690400 PMCID: PMC6332510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the Securinega alkaloid (+)-phyllanthidine on Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and the first chemical investigation of Margaritaria nobilis L.f. (Phyllanthaceae) are described. Treating the parasites with this alkaloid caused a dose-dependent reduction in promastigote growth of 67.68% (IC50 82.37 μg/mL or 353 µM) and in amastigote growth of 83.96% (IC50 49.11 μg/mL or 210 µM), together with ultrastructural alterations in the promastigotes. No cytotoxic effect was detected in mammalian cells (CC50 1727.48 µg/mL or CC50 5268 µM). Classical chromatographic techniques and spectral methods led to the isolation and identification of betulinic acid, kaempferol, corilagin, gallic acid and its methyl ester, besides (+)-phyllanthidine from M. nobilis leaves and stems. Margaritaria nobilis is another source of the small group of Securinega alkaloids, together with other Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.) species. The low toxicity to macrophages and the effects against promastigotes and amastigotes are suggestive that (+)-phyllanthidine could be a promising antileishmanial agent for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Freitas AF, Pereira FF, Formagio ASN, Lucchetta JT, Vieira MC, Mussury RM. Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Annona Species on the Development and Reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:446-52. [PMID: 27193955 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) causes significant losses in corn crops and necessitates the use of alternative control strategies, such as the application of bioinsecticides. We report the effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Annona dioica, Annona cacans, and Annona coriacea on the development and reproduction of S. frugiperda. A quantitative analysis was carried out to determine the total concentration of phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannin (CT) in leaf extracts. Corn leaves were immersed in a 1% methanolic leaf extract solution and fed to second instars of S. frugiperda. Leaf disks dipped in the synthetic insecticide Connect® (Bayer CropScience Ltda) composed of a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) and a pyrethroid (β-cyfluthrin), which are harmful to S. frugiperda, was used as positive control. Distilled water was used as a negative control treatment. The leaf extract of A. coriacea decreased larval survivorship, arrested pupal development, and affected the weight gain of S. frugiperda. A. dioica also affected larval survivorship, but its effects were more pronounced for the adult stage, as fecundity, fertility, egg hatchability, and embryonic development were severely affected. Leaf extracts from A. cacans had no effect on S. frugiperda. The leaf extracts of A. dioica and A. coriacea showed a higher content of flavonoids and phenols, respectively. Our results indicated that both A. dioica and A. coriacea have the potential for development as botanical insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Freitas
- Fac de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Univ Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil.
| | - F F Pereira
- Fac de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Univ Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - A S N Formagio
- Fac de Ciências Agrárias, Univ Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - J T Lucchetta
- Fac de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Univ Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - M C Vieira
- Fac de Ciências Agrárias, Univ Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - R M Mussury
- Fac de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Univ Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of a Lebanese plant Euphorbia macroclada schyzoceras. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:542-8. [PMID: 23836193 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the chemical composition, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the crude extracts from leaves and stems of a Lebanese plant Euphorbia macroclada schyzoceras (E. macroclada), and to evaluate their antioxidant potential using DPPH, H2O2, and chelating of ferrous ions tests. METHODS Quantification of the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the crude extracts from leaves and stems and the antioxidant activities were evaluated using spectrophotometric analyses. The chemical composition has been estimated using different techniques such as IR, LC/MS and NMR. RESULTS Ethanolic extract from leaves of E. macroclada was better than aqueous extract and showed higher content in total phenolic and total flavonoid than found in the stems. On the other hand, using DPPH and H2O2 tests, this extract from leaves showed higher antioxidant capacity than aqueous extract. However, using the chelating of ferrous ions test, the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of both stems and leaves was stronger than that of ethanolic once. The chemical composition of the whole plant showed the presence of some aromatic compounds and fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Both ethanolic and water extracts from both parts of this plant are effective and have good antioxidant power. So, this plant can be used in the prevention of a number of diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Martins IRR, Dos Santos RF, de C Correia AC, de Oliveira GA, Macêdo CL, de S Monteiro F, Dos Santos PF, de A Cavalcante F, Tavares JF, da Silva BA. Relaxant effect of Ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid, a trachylobane diterpene from Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St-Hil. & Tul., on tracheal smooth muscle. J Smooth Muscle Res 2013; 49:15-25. [PMID: 23832615 PMCID: PMC5137274 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.49.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid, a trachylobane diterpene from
Xylopia langsdorfiana, has previously been shown to relax the
guinea-pig trachea in a concentration-dependent manner. In this study we aimed to
elucidate the mechanisms underlying this action and so contribute to the discovery of
natural products with therapeutic potential. A possible interaction between diterpene and
the Ca2+-calmodulin complex was eliminated as chlorpromazine (10-6
M), a calmodulin inhibitor, did not significantly alter the diterpene-induced relaxation
(pD2 = 4.38 ± 0.07 and 4.25 ± 0.07; mean ± S.E.M., n=5).
Trachylobane-318 showed a higher relaxant potency when the trachea was contracted by 18 mM
KCl than it did with 60 mM KCl (pD2 = 4.90 ± 0.25 and 3.88 ± 0.01,
n=5), suggesting the possible activation of K+ channels.
This was confirmed, as in the presence of 10 mM TEA+ (a non-selective
K+ channel blocker), diterpene relaxation potency was significantly reduced
(pD2 = 4.38 ± 0.07 to 4.01 ± 0.06, n=5). Furthermore,
K+ channel subtypes KATP, KV, SKCa and
BKCa seem to be modulated positively by trachylobane-318 (pD2 =
3.91 ± 0.003, 4.00 ± 0.06, 3.45 ± 0.14 and 3.80 ± 0.05, n=5) but not the
Kir subtype channel (pD2 = 4.15 ± 0.10, n=5).
Cyclic nucleotides were not involved as the relaxation due to aminophylline
(pD2 = 4.27 ± 0.09, n=5) was not altered in the presence of
3 × 10-5 M trachylobane-318 (pD2 = 4.46 ± 0.08,
n=5). Thus, at a functional level, trachylobane-318 seems to relax the
guinea-pig trachea by positive modulation of K+ channels, particularly the
KATP, KV, SKCa and BKCa subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo R R Martins
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Formagio ASN, Vieira MDC, Dos Santos LAC, Cardoso CAL, Foglio MA, de Carvalho JE, Andrade-Silva M, Kassuya CAL. Composition and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the essential oil from Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil. J Med Food 2013; 16:20-5. [PMID: 23297712 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Annona sylvatica (EOAS) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the EOAS were sesquiterpenes, such as hinesol, z-caryophyllene, β-maaliene, γ-gurjunene, silphiperfol-5-en-3-ol, ledol, cubecol-1-epi, and muurola-3,5-diene. Oral administration of the EOAS (20 and 200 mg/kg) and subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, reference drug) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mouse paw edema. The anticancer activity the EOAS showed growth inhibitory activity on all cell lines when administered in a high concentration. The EOAS inhibited the growth of human cancer cell lines with GI(50) values in the range of 36.04-45.37 μg/mL on all of the cell lines tested. This work describes for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of the essential oil of A. sylvatica and its composition. Considering that drugs currently available for the treatment of inflammatory and cancer conditions show undesirable side-effects, the present results may have clinical relevance and open new possibilities for the development of novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise S N Formagio
- Facultie of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Formagio ASN, Kassuya CAL, Neto FF, Volobuff CRF, Iriguchi EKK, Vieira MDC, Foglio MA. The flavonoid content and antiproliferative, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of Annona dioica St. Hill. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:14. [PMID: 23311341 PMCID: PMC3551637 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Annona dioica St. Hill (Annonacaeae) is a Brazilian plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of several types of rheumatisms and diarrhoea. The focus of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant activity and the in vivo hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory activity of A. dioica and identify the principal constituents of this plant. Methods The crude methanol extract (EAD) and hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanol fractions (HMF) were evaluated for free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH assay. The EAD and EAF were assayed for hypoglycaemic activity in rats. The EAD was tested in an antiproliferation assay and for anti-inflammatory effects in paw oedema, in addition to myeloperoxidase activity induced by carrageenan (Cg) in mice. The EAF was assayed using chromatographic methods. Results The fractionation of the EAF through chromatographic methods identified derivatives of the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol. Among all the tested fractions, the ethyl acetate and hydromethanol fractions were the most potent, exhibiting an IC50 of 8.53 and 10.57 μg/mL, respectively, which is comparable to that of the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The oral administration of the EAD (100 mg/kg) and EAF (15 mg/kg) inhibited the increase of glucose levels, resulting in a hypoglycaemic effect. The EAD (30 to 300 mg/kg) exhibited an anti-oedematogenic effect in Cg-induced paw oedema in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results showed a reduction of MPO activity by A. dioica 6 h after the induction of paw oedema at all doses tested with maximal inhibition at 300 mg/kg. Conclusions Our results reveal for the first time that compounds contained in the A. dioica leaves exert anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, antiproliferative, and antioxidant effects. The antioxidant activity may be associated with the presence of flavonoids.
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Somanawat J, Talangsri N, Deepolngam S, Kaewamatawong R. Flavonoid and megastigmane glycosides from Artabotrys hexapetalus leaves. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nik Abdullah Zawawi NK, Ahmat N, Ahmad R, Jaafar FM, Ghani NA. Oxoaporphine alkaloids and flavonols from Xylopia ferruginea (Annonaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Santos RF, Martins IRR, Travassos RA, Tavares JF, Silva MS, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Ferreira AT, Nouailhetas VLA, Aboulafia J, Rigoni VLS, da Silva BA. Ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid and ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid from Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St-Hil. & Tul. modulate K(+) and Ca(2+) channels to reduce cytosolic calcium concentration on guinea pig ileum. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 678:39-47. [PMID: 22214536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the mechanism underlying the spasmolytic action of ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (trachylobane-360) and ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid (trachylobane-318), diterpenes obtained from Xylopia langsdorfiana, on guinea pig ileum. Both compounds inhibited histamine-induced cumulative contractions (slope=3.5±0.9 and 4.4±0.7) that suggests a noncompetitive antagonism to histaminergic receptors. CaCl(2)-induced contractions were nonparallelly and concentration-dependently reduced by both diterpenes, indicating blockade of calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels (Ca(v)). The Ca(v) participation was confirmed since both trachylobanes equipotently relaxed ileum pre-contracted with S-(-)-Bay K8644 (EC(50)=3.5±0.7×10-(5) and 1.1±0.2×10-(5)M) and KCl (EC(50)=5.5±0.3×10-(5) and 1.4±0.2×10-(5)M). K(+) channels participation was confirmed since diterpene-induced relaxation curves were significantly shifted to right in the presence of 5mM tetraethylammonium (TEA(+)) (EC(50)=0.5±0.04×10-(4) and 2.0±0.5×10-(5)M). ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)), voltage activated K(+) channels (K(V)), small conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (SK(Ca)) or big conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)) did not seem to participate of trachylobane-360 spasmolytic action. However trachylobane-318 modulated positively K(ATP), K(V) and SK(Ca) (EC(50)=1.1±0.3×10-(5), 0.7±0.2×10-(5) and 0.7±0.2×10-(5)M), but not BK(Ca). A fluorescence analysis technique confirmed the decrease of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) induced by both trachylobanes in ileal myocytes. In conclusion, trachylobane-360 and trachylobane-318 induced spasmolytic activity by K(+) channel positive modulation and Ca(2+) channel blockade, which results in [Ca(2+)](c) reduction at cellular level leading to smooth muscle relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimeire F Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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