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Kumar V, Khapre A, Thakur C, Chaudhari PK. Acclimatization studies for degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye and its treatment in moving bed biofilm reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, acclimatization of microorganisms for the degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye bearing water (AR3BNDW) using activated sludge was performed in a cylindrical aerobic reactor. The initial value of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dye, and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of activated sludge were evaluated as 870.5, 80.6 and 1200 mg/L The experiments were performed at ambient temperature (25–35 °C) and the stabilization was achieved at 15 d. Maximum reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color were observed to be 94.2%, and 91% after 15 d of acclimatization. After completion of acclimatization process, degradation of dye was studied in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). In the process, 38, 50, 68 and 76% color reduction were achieved with polymer carrier fill ratio (FR) of 40, 50, 60 and 70%, respectively in 24 h. For effluent flow rate of 180, 240, 300 and 360 mL/h, respectively, the dye reductions of 76, 60, 48 and 36% and COD reductions of 72, 58, 46 and 34% were achieved in 24 h
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , 492010 , India
| | - Akhilesh Khapre
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , 492010 , India
| | - Chandrakant Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , 492010 , India
| | - Parmesh Kumar Chaudhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , 492010 , India
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Yuan Q, Wang K, He B, Liu R, Qian L, Wan S, Zhou Y, Cai H, Gong H. Spontaneous mainstream anammox in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with hybrid sludge retention time in a temperate zone of China. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:854-864. [PMID: 33150637 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous anammox bacteria enrichment at mainstream conditions was reported in a full-scale Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in a temperate zone of China. The mainstream anammox was observed after WWTP process retrofit, which constructed a hybrid sludge retention time (SRT) system by providing moving carriers in the anaerobic/anoxic tank and was initially designed to enhance the denitrification process in a conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process. The hybrid SRT system achieved 86.0 ± 4.6% total nitrogen (TN) removal via combined mainstream anammox and conventional denitrification. Autotrophic denitrification via mainstream anammox was confirmed by various shreds of evidence including high-throughput sequencing, specific anammox activity test, and 15 N isotopic tracing. Long-term anammox bacteria existence in the biofilm of the carrier in anoxic zones was detected in a much higher relative abundance compared with other spots. The contribution of anammox activity to TN removal was estimated at around 20%-30%. The reasons leading to spontaneous anammox enrichment were mainly attributed to the carriers for slow-growing bacteria growth and dissolved oxygen gradient in the anoxic tank (caused by intermittent aeration) for nitrite production. The insights of this full-scale case study provide important perspectives for future mainstream anammox application, and also the design of an energy-neutral WWTP process. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Spontaneous mainstream anammox in a full-scale WWTP after its retrofit in a temperate zone of China was reported. Anammox bacteria enrichment and long-term stability on moving carriers at mainstream conditions was achieved by modified hybrid SRT system. The hybrid SRT system achieve stable nitrogen removal even in cold winter and high BOD/N situation by combining mainstream anammox with conventional denitrification. Long term full-scale operation demonstrated excellent nitrogen removal with about 20%-30% contribution of mainstream anammox. This full-scale case study provided perspectives for future optimizing mainstream anammox application, and also energy-neutral WWTP process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Shuo Wan
- Thunip Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yaxu Zhou
- Xi'an Wastewater Treatment Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hulin Cai
- Xi'an Wastewater Treatment Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Jucherski A, Walczowski A, Bugajski P, Jóźwiakowski K. Technological reliability of domestic wastewater purification in a small Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR). Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Bertanza G. Oxygen transfer improvement in MBBR process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10727-10737. [PMID: 30778935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the upgrading of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could be required in order to comply with the more stringent regulation requirements. Nevertheless, the main issue is related to the surface availability. A proper solution could be represented by the attached biomass processes, in particular the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), that have a significant footprint reduction with respect to conventional activated sludge (CAS). However, MBBR showed an important disadvantage: the poor aeration energy efficiency due to the use of coarse bubble diffusers, which guarantee high reliability and low maintenance costs with respect to fine bubble ones. Moreover, the presence of carriers inside the reactor emphasizes this aspect. The aim of this work is to verify the benefits achievable by installing a fine bubble aeration system inside a MBBR system. The comparison, in terms of oxygen transfer efficiency, between a medium bubble aeration system and a fine ceramic bubble diffuser was studied and the effect of biofilm growth on oxygen transfer was assessed. Several tests were carried out in order to test the operation of a coarse and a fine bubble side aeration at different air flow rates, both in clean water conditions, in order to evaluate the influence of carriers (Chip M type) on the aeration efficiency, both in wastewater conditions with the aim to assess the effect of bacteria growth on the carriers. The main results are the following: (i) the fine bubble system placed off-center ensured good mixing even without using the mixer; (ii) the fine bubble side aeration system compared to the coarse ones did not show significant advantages in terms of oxygen transfer efficiency; (iii) the increase in specific air flow rate negatively influenced the aeration efficiency; (iv) the presence of biomass had a positive effect on the oxygen transfer yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Abbà
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Ahmadi M, Jaafarzadeh N, Rahmat ZG, Babaei AA, Alavi N, Baboli Z, Niri MV. Kinetic studies on the removal of phenol by MBBR from saline wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2017; 15:22. [PMID: 29093820 PMCID: PMC5659044 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-017-0284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenols are chemical compounds which are included in the high priority of pollutants by environmental protection agency (USEPA). The presence of high concentrations of phenols in wastewaters like oil refineries, petrochemical plants, olive oil, pesticide production and oil field operations contain high soluble solids (TDS) and in an olive oil plant, wastewater is acidic, high salty and phenol concentrations are in the range of 0.1- 1%. METHODS Kinetic parameters were calculated according to Monod, Modified Stover- Kincannon, Hamoda and Haldane models. The influence of different initial phenol concentrations on the biodegradation rate was performed. The concentrations of phenol varied from 0 to 500 mg/l. RESULTS The value of Ki in saline phenolic wastewater in attached growth systems was higher than suspended growth systems that represented a higher phenol inhibition in suspended growth systems. It was obvious that the best model fitting the obtained data are Hamoda model and the Modified Stover-Kincannon model, having highest R2 values of 0.991 and 1, respectively. The value of Ki in saline phenolic wastewater in attached growth system was higher than suspended growth systems which represented a higher phenol inhibition in suspended growth systems. CONCLUSIONS Hamoda model and the Modified Stover-Kincannon model having highest R2 value of 0.991 and 1, respectively, and also predicting reasonable kinetic coefficient values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ahmadi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neamat Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghaed Rahmat
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadali Alavi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Baboli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vosoughi Niri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Singh NK, Kazmi AA, Starkl M. Environmental performance of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor treating actual municipal wastewater during start-up phase. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:1840-1850. [PMID: 26540547 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study summarizes the start-up performance and lessons learned during the start-up and optimization of a pilot-scale plant employing integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) process treating actual municipal wastewater. A comprehensive start-up was tailored and implemented to cater for all the challenges and problems associated with start-up. After attaining desired suspended biomass (2,000-3,000 mg/L) and sludge age (∼7 days), the average biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were observed as 77.3 and 70.9%, respectively, at optimized conditions, i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT), 6.9 h; return sludge rate, 160%. The influent concentrations of COD, BOD, total suspended solids, NH3-N, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be in the range of 157-476 mg/L, 115-283 mg/L, 152-428 mg/L, 23.2-49.3 mg/L, 30.1-52 mg/L and 3.6-7.8 mg/L, respectively, and the minimum effluent concentrations were achieved as ∼49 mg/L, 23 mg/L, 35 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 3.4 mg/L and 2.8 mg/L, respectively, at optimum state. The present system was found effective in the removal of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, 79%; Salmonella spp., 97.5%; Shigella spp., 92.9%) as well as coliforms (total coliforms, 97.65%; faecal coliforms, 80.35%) without any disinfection unit. Moreover it was observed that the time required for the stabilization of the plant was approximately 3 weeks if other parameters (sludge age, HRT and dissolved oxygen) are set to optimized values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Singh
- Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India E-mail:
| | - Absar Ahmad Kazmi
- Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India E-mail:
| | - Markus Starkl
- Competence Centre for Decision-Aid in Environmental Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences/ DIB, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
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Jamshidi S, Akbarzadeh A, Woo KS, Valipour A. Wastewater treatment using integrated anaerobic baffled reactor and Bio-rack wetland planted with Phragmites sp. and Typha sp. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:131. [PMID: 25379186 PMCID: PMC4212116 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-014-0131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the potential use of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) followed by Bio-rack wetland planted with Phragmites sp. and Typha sp. for treating domestic wastewater generated by small communities (751 mg COD/L, 500 SCOD mg/L, 348 mg BOD5/L). Two parallel laboratory-scale models showed that the process planted with Phragmites sp. and Typha sp. are capable of removing COD by 87% & 86%, SCOD by 90% & 88%, BOD5 by 93% & 92%, TSS by 88% & 86%, TN by 79% & 77%, PO4-P by 21% & 14% at an overall HRT of 21 (843 g COD/m(3)/day & 392 g BOD5/m(3)/day) and 27 (622 g COD/m(3)/day & 302 g BOD5/m(3)/day) hours, respectively. Microbial analysis indicated a high reduction in the MPN of total coliform and TVC as high as 99% at the outlet end of the processes. The vegetated system using Phragmites sp. showed significantly greater (p <0.05) pollutant removal efficiencies due to its extensive root and mass growth rate (p <0.05) of the plant compared to Typha sp. The Phragmites sp. indicated a higher relative growth rate (3.92%) than Typha sp. (0.90%). Microorganisms immobilized on the surface of the Bio-rack media (mean TVC: 2.33 × 10(7) cfu/cm(2)) were isolated, identified and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study illustrated that the present integrated processes could be an ideal approach for promoting a sustainable decentralization, however, Phragmites sp. would be more efficient rather than Typha sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Jamshidi
- />Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kwang-Sung Woo
- />Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea
| | - Alireza Valipour
- />Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea
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Evaluation of different wastewater treatment processes and development of a modified attached growth bioreactor as a decentralized approach for small communities. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:156870. [PMID: 24327802 PMCID: PMC3845722 DOI: 10.1155/2013/156870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential future use of three biological processes in order to designate the most desired solution for on-site treatment of wastewater from residential complexes, that is, conventional activated sludge process (CASP), moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and packed-bed biofilm reactor (PBBR). Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6, 3, and 2 h can be achieved in CASP, MBBR, and PBBR, respectively. The PBBR dealt with a particular arrangement to prevent the restriction of oxygen transfer efficiency into the thick biofilms. The laboratory scale result revealed that the overall reduction of 87% COD, 92% BOD5, 82% TSS, 79% NH3-N, 43% PO4-P, 95% MPN, and 97% TVC at a HRT of 2 h was achieved in PBBR. The microflora present in the system was also estimated through the isolation, identification, and immobilization of the microorganisms with an index of COD elimination. The number of bacterial species examined on the nutrient agar medium was 22 and five bacterial species were documented to degrade the organic pollutants by reducing COD by more than 43%. This study illustrated that the present PBBR with a specific modified internal arrangement could be an ideal practice for promoting sustainable decentralization and therefore providing a low wastage sludge biomass concentration.
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Leyva-Díaz J, Martín-Pascual J, González-López J, Hontoria E, Poyatos J. Effects of scale-up on a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor – membrane bioreactor for treating urban wastewater. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Leyva-Díaz J, Calderón K, Rodríguez F, González-López J, Hontoria E, Poyatos J. Comparative kinetic study between moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor and membrane bioreactor systems and their influence on organic matter and nutrients removal. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lopez-Lopez C, Martín-Pascual J, González-Martínez A, Calderón K, González-López J, Hontoria E, Poyatos JM. Influence of filling ratio and carrier type on organic matter removal in a moving bed biofilm reactor with pretreatment of electrocoagulation in wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1759-1767. [PMID: 22755522 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.689223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is great concern about limited water resources and water quality, which require a more advanced technology. The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) has been shown to be an efficient technology for removal of organic matter and nutrients in industrial and urban wastewater treatment. However, there are some pollutants which are more difficult to remove by biological processes, so this process can be improved with additional physical and chemical treatments such as electrocoagulation, which appears to be a promising technology in electrochemical treatments. In this research, urban wastewater was treated in an MBBR plant with an electrocoagulation pre-treatment. K1 from AnoxKaldnes and AQWISE ABC5 from Aqwise were the carriers studied under three different filling ratios (20, 35, and 50%). The experimental pilot plant had four bioreactors with 20 L of operation volume and a common feed tank with 100 L of operation volume. The movement of the carriers was generated by aeration and stirrer systems. Organic matter removal was studied by analysis of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD). The maximum organic matter removal in this MBBR system was 65.8% ± 1.4% and 78.4% ± 0.1% for K1 and Aqwise ABC5 carriers, respectively. Moreover, the bacterial diversity of the biofilm was studied by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA genes. 20 prominent TGGE bands were successfully reamplified and sequenced, being the predominant population: β-Proteobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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