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Dos Santos-Junior NN, da Costa LHA, Catalão CHR, Alves Rocha MJ. Corticosterone and Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Secretion Is Recovered after Immune Challenge or Acute Restraint Stress in Sepsis Survivor Animals. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:306-316. [PMID: 35104823 DOI: 10.1159/000520746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental studies report a dysregulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during sepsis that causes impairment in hormone secretion in the late phase contributing for the pathophysiology of the disease. However, it is unclear whether this alteration persists even after the disease remission. METHODS We evaluated the effect of an immune challenge or restraint stress on the hormone secretion of HPA axis in sepsis survivor rats. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation-puncture (CLP) surgery. Naive or animals that survive 5 or 10 days after CLP were submitted to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection or restraint stress. After 60 min, blood was collected for plasma nitrate, cytokines, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) and brain for synaptophysin and hypothalamic cytokines. RESULTS Five days survivor animals showed increased plasma nitrate (p < 0.001) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels (p < 0.05) that were abolished in the 10 days survivors. In the hypothalamus of both survivors, the reverse was seen with IL-6 increased (p < 0.01), while IL-1β did not show any alteration. Synaptophysin expression was reduced in both survivors and did not change after any stimuli. Only the LPS administration increased plasma and/or inflammatory mediators levels in both groups (survivors and naive) being apparently lower in the survivors. There was no difference in the increased secretion pattern of ACTH and CORT observed in the naive and sepsis survivor animals submitted to immune challenge or restraint stress. CONCLUSION We conclude that the HPA axis is already recovered soon after 5 days of sepsis induction responding with normal secretion of ACTH and CORT when required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Henrique Angenendt da Costa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria José Alves Rocha
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Rodrigues AT, Rodrigues JT, Rodrigues CT, Volpe CMDO, Rocha-Silva F, Nogueira-Machado JA, Alberti LR. Association between thrombomodulin and high mobility group box 1 in sepsis patients. World J Crit Care Med 2020; 9:63-73. [PMID: 33134112 PMCID: PMC7579433 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v9.i4.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been studied as a molecule associated with severe outcomes in sepsis and thrombomodulin (TM) seems to decrease HMGB1 activity.
AIM To investigate the role of the thrombomodulin/high mobility group box 1 (T/H) ratio in patients with sepsis and their association with their clinic, testing the hypothesis that higher ratios are associated with better outcomes.
METHODS Twenty patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock, according to the 2016 criteria sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3), were studied. Patients were followed until they left the intensive care unit or until they achieved 28 d of hospitalization (D28). The following clinical outcomes were observed: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score; Need for mechanical pulmonary ventilation; Presence of septic shock; Occurrence of sepsis-induced coagulopathy; Need for renal replacement therapy (RRT); and Death.
RESULTS The results showed that patients with SOFA scores greater than or equal to 12 points had higher serum levels of TM: 76.41 ± 29.21 pg/mL vs 37.41 ± 22.55 pg/mL among those whose SOFA scores were less than 12 points, P = 0.003. The T/H ratio was also higher in patients whose SOFA scores were greater than or equal to 12 points, P = 0.001. The T/H ratio was, on average, three times higher in patients in need of RRT (0.38 ± 0.14 vs 0.11 ± 0.09), P < 0.001.
CONCLUSION Higher serum levels of TM and, therefore, higher T/H ratio in the first 24 h after the diagnosis of sepsis were associated with more severe disease and the need for renal replacement therapy, while those with better clinical outcomes and those who were discharged before D28 showed a tendency for lower T/H ratio values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Teixeira Rodrigues
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Medicine/Biomedicine - Santa Casa Hospital - Education and Research, Belo Horizonte 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia Teixeira Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Maria de Oliveira Volpe
- Department of Immunology, Graduation Program in Medicine/Biomedicine - Santa Casa Hospital - Education and Research, Belo Horizonte 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rocha-Silva
- Clinical Laboratory, Graduation Program in Medicine/Biomedicine - Santa Casa Hospital - Education and Research, Belo Horizonte 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose Augusto Nogueira-Machado
- Department of Immunology, Graduation Program in Medicine/Biomedicine - Santa Casa Hospital - Education and Research, Belo Horizonte 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ronaldo Alberti
- Graduation Program in Medicine/Biomedicine - Santa Casa Hospital - Education and Research, Belo Horizonte 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30220-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Aguiar FP, Westphal GA, Dadam MM, Mota ECC, Pfutzenreuter F, França PHC. Characteristics and predictors of chronic critical illness in the intensive care unit. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2020; 31:511-520. [PMID: 31967226 PMCID: PMC7009003 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20190088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize patients with chronic critical illness and identify predictors of development of chronic critical illness. Methods Prospective data was collected for 1 year in the intensive care unit of a general hospital in Southern Brazil. Three logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with chronic critical illness. Results Among the 574 subjects admitted to the intensive care unit, 200 were submitted to mechanical ventilation. Of these patients, 85 (43.5%) developed chronic critical illness, composing 14.8% of all the patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The regression model that evaluated the association of chronic critical illness with conditions present prior to intensive care unit admission identified chronic renal failure in patients undergoing hemodialysis (OR 3.57; p = 0.04) and a neurological diagnosis at hospital admission (OR 2.25; p = 0.008) as independent factors. In the model that evaluated the association of chronic critical illness with situations that occurred during intensive care unit stay, muscle weakness (OR 2.86; p = 0.01) and pressure ulcers (OR 9.54; p < 0.001) had the strongest associations. In the global multivariate analysis (that assessed previous factors and situations that occurred in the intensive care unit), hospital admission due to neurological diseases (OR 2.61; p = 0.03) and the development of pressure ulcers (OR 9.08; p < 0.001) had the strongest associations. Conclusion The incidence of chronic critical illness in this study was similar to that observed in other studies and had a strong association with the diagnosis of neurological diseases at hospital admission and chronic renal failure in patients undergoing hemodialysis, as well as complications developed during hospitalization, such as pressure ulcers and muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Perito Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - Joinville (SC), Brasil.,Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital São José - Joinville (SC), Brasil
| | - Glauco Adrieno Westphal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - Joinville (SC), Brasil.,Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital São José - Joinville (SC), Brasil
| | | | - Elisa Cristina Correia Mota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - Joinville (SC), Brasil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Condeixa França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - Joinville (SC), Brasil
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Erbs GC, Mastroeni MF, Pinho MSL, Koenig Á, Sperotto G, Ekwaru JP, Westphal GA. Comorbidities Might Condition the Recovery of Quality of Life in Survivors of Sepsis. J Intensive Care Med 2017; 34:337-343. [PMID: 28359215 DOI: 10.1177/0885066617699360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess how preexisting disabling comorbidities (DC) affect the recovery rate of quality of life (QOL) over time in sepsis survivors. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on sepsis survivors who answered the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) 7 days after discharge from the intensive care unit. Subsequent interviews were held at 3, 6, and 12 months. The results of the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the SF-36 were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups to compare patients with DC (DC group) and without DC (no-DC group). Quantile regression was used to model changes in PCS and MCS between different time points. RESULTS: Seventy-nine sepsis survivors were enrolled. After controlling for baseline age and QOL, the QOL scores were lower among patients with DC than in no-DC patients. The QOL of DC group got worse when compared to no-DC group. Recovery rate of PCS and MCS was higher in the DC group than in the no-DC group (PCS: 20.51 vs 16.96, P < .01; MCS: 19.24 vs 9.66, P < .01). Their baseline QOL was recovered only by 6 months after the sepsis episode. CONCLUSION: Quality-of-life impairment and its recovery rhythm in patients with sepsis appear to be conditioned by coexisting DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislene C Erbs
- 1 University of the Region of Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marco F Mastroeni
- 1 University of the Region of Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mauro S L Pinho
- 1 University of the Region of Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Koenig
- 2 Unimed Hospital Center of Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Glauco A Westphal
- 1 University of the Region of Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,2 Unimed Hospital Center of Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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de Souza P, Guarido KL, Scheschowitsch K, da Silva LM, Werner MF, Assreuy J, da Silva-Santos JE. Impaired vascular function in sepsis-surviving rats mediated by oxidative stress and Rho-Kinase pathway. Redox Biol 2016; 10:140-147. [PMID: 27744119 PMCID: PMC5065648 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated long-lasting changes in endothelial and vascular function in adult rat survivors of severe sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. For this, male Wistar rats (200–350 g) had their cecum punctured once (non-transfixing hole) with a 14-gauge needle. Performed in this way, a mortality rate around 30% was achieved in the first 72 h. The survivors, together with age-matched control rats (not subjected to CLP), were maintained in our holding room for 60 days (S60 group) and had the descending thoracic aorta processed for functional, histological, biochemical or molecular analyses. Endothelium-intact aortic rings obtained from sepsis-surviving S60 group displayed increased angiotensin II-induced contraction, accompanied by decreased activity of the endogenous superoxide dismutase, augmented reactive oxygen species generation, and increased levels of tyrosine nitration compared with vessels from control group. The superoxide scavengers superoxide dismutase and tempol, and the antioxidant apocynin, were able to avoid this enhanced contractility to angiotensin II in aortic rings from the S60 group. In addition, aortic rings from the S60 group presented reduced sensitivity to Y-27632, a Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Immunoblot analyses revealed augmented RhoA and ROCK II, and high levels of phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 in vessels from S60 rats. In conclusion, aortic rings from sepsis-surviving rats display endothelial dysfunction mediated by the increased production of reactive oxygen species, which in turn reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide and increases the formation of peroxynitrite, and enhances RhoA-ROCK-mediated calcium sensitization, leading to augmented contractile responses to angiotensin II. Notably, this is the first study demonstrating long-term dysfunction in the vasculature of sepsis-surviving rats, which take place or remain beyond the acute septic insult. Vessels from sepsis-surviving rats develop enhanced contractile responses to angiotensin II. This hyperreactivity is avoided by the superoxide scavengers superoxide dismutase and tempol. Generation of reactive oxygen species by angiotensin II is enhanced in these vessels. Vessels from sepsis-surviving rats present an augmented degree of tyrosine nitration. The activity of the RhoA-Rho-kinase pathway is enhanced in the aorta from sepsis-surviving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karla Lorena Guarido
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karin Scheschowitsch
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mota da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jamil Assreuy
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Contrin LM, Paschoal VD, Beccaria LM, Cesarino CB, Lobo SMA. Quality of Life of Severe Sepsis Survivors After Hospital Discharge. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2013; 21:795-802. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-11692013000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS: to evaluate the quality of life in severe sepsis survivors, using specific QoL questionnaires: the EuroQol-5 Dimensions and the Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). METHOD: This case-control study was performed in patients discharged from a teaching hospital after being admitted to the ICU with severe sepsis. Medical records from 349 patients were retrieved from the hospital sepsis registry. Each patient with sepsis was considered as a case. Patients who were admitted immediately after the sepsis episode were considered as controls, provided that they did not have sepsis and survived the ICU admission. This specific study population included 100 patients. RESULTS: The sepsis group showed higher mortality at 1 year compared with critically ill patients. However, the control group showed no sepsis. Older patients (>60 years) in the sepsis group had a significantly higher prevalence of problems. There were no differences in EQ-VAS between respondents from both groups. CONCLUSIONS: After discharge from ICU, sepsis survivors of sepsis had a higher mortality rate than critically ill patients without sepsis. Older patients with sepsis had more moderate and severe problems in all five quality of life dimensions evaluated.
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