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Lindenau JD, Wagner SC, Castro SMD, Hutz MH. The effects of old and recent migration waves in the distribution of HBB*S globin gene haplotypes. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:515-523. [PMID: 27706371 PMCID: PMC5127156 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell hemoglobin is the result of a mutation at the sixth amino acid position of the beta (β) globin chain. The HBB*S gene is in linkage disequilibrium with five main haplotypes in the β-globin-like gene cluster named according to their ethnic and geographic origins: Bantu (CAR), Benin (BEN), Senegal (SEN), Cameroon (CAM) and Arabian-Indian (ARAB). These haplotypes demonstrated that the sickle cell mutation arose independently at least five times in human history. The distribution of βS haplotypes among Brazilian populations showed a predominance of the CAR haplotype. American populations were clustered in two groups defined by CAR or BEN haplotype frequencies. This scenario is compatible with historical records about the slave trade in the Americas. When all world populations where the sickle cell gene occurs were analyzed, three clusters were disclosed based on CAR, BEN or ARAB haplotype predominance. These patterns may change in the next decades due to recent migrations waves. Since these haplotypes show different clinical characteristics, these recent migrations events raise the necessity to develop optimized public health programs for sickle cell disease screening and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Lindenau
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Simone M de Castro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Bitoungui VJN, Pule GD, Hanchard N, Ngogang J, Wonkam A. Beta-globin gene haplotypes among cameroonians and review of the global distribution: is there a case for a single sickle mutation origin in Africa? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:171-9. [PMID: 25748438 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies of hemoglobin S haplotypes in African subpopulations have potential implications for patient care and our understanding of genetic factors that have shaped the prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD). We evaluated HBB gene cluster haplotypes in SCD patients from Cameroon, and reviewed the literature for a global distribution. We reviewed medical records to obtain pertinent socio-demographic and clinical features for 610 Cameroonian SCD patients, including hemoglobin electrophoresis and full blood counts. RFLP-PCR was used to determine the HBB gene haplotype on 1082 chromosomes. A systematic review of the current literature was undertaken to catalogue HBB haplotype frequencies in SCD populations around the world. Benin (74%; n = 799) and Cameroon (19%; n = 207) were the most prevalent haplotypes observed among Cameroonian patients. There was no significant association between HBB haplotypes and clinical life events, anthropometric measures, hematological parameters, or fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. The literature review of the global haplotype distributions was consistent with known historical migrations of the people of Africa. Previously reported data from Sudan showed a distinctly unusual pattern; all four classical haplotypes were reported, with an exceptionally high proportion of the Senegal, Cameroon, and atypical haplotypes. We did not observe any significant associations between HBB haplotype and SCD disease course in this cohort. Taken together, the data from Cameroon and from the wider literature suggest that a careful reassessment of African HBB haplotypes may shed further light on the evolutionary dynamics of the sickle allele, which could suggest a single origin of the sickle mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina J Ngo Bitoungui
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé , Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Ghartey-Kwansah G, Boampong JN, Aboagye B, Afoakwah R, Ameyaw EO, Quashie NB. The Prevalence of α-Thalassemia and Its Relation to Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Patients Presenting to Clinics in Two Distinct Ecological Zones in Ghana. Hemoglobin 2015; 40:32-7. [PMID: 26575356 DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2015.1095207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia and sickle cell disease constitute the most monogenic hemoglobin (Hb) disorders worldwide. Clinical symptoms of α(+)-thalassemia (α(+)-thal) are related to inadequate Hb production and accumulation of β- and/or γ-globin subunits. The association of thalassemia with malaria remains contentious, though from its distribution it appears to have offered some protection against the disease. Data on the prevalence of thalassemia in Ghana and its link with malaria is scanty and restricted. It was an objective of this cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of thalassemia in areas representing two of Ghana's distinct ecological zones. The relationship between thalassemia and Plasmodium falciparium (P. falciparum) infection was also ascertained. Overall, 277 patients presenting to health facilities in the study areas were recruited to participate. Tests were carried out to determine the presence of α(+)-thal, sickle cell and malaria parasites in the blood samples of participants. The outcome of this study showed an α(+)-thal frequency of 19.9% for heterozygotes (-α/αα) and 6.8% for homozygotes (-α/-α). Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 17.7% of the overall study population and 14.9% in those with α(+)-thal. No association was observed between those with α(+)-thal and the study sites (p > 0.05). A test of the Hardy-Weinberg law yielded no significant difference (p < 0.001). Findings from this study suggest a modest distribution of α(+)-thal in Ghana with no bias to the ecological zones. Although the prevalence and parasite density were relatively low in those with the disorder, no association was found between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ghartey-Kwansah
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Johnson N Boampong
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Benjamin Aboagye
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Richmond Afoakwah
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Elvis O Ameyaw
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Neils B Quashie
- b Centre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana , and.,c Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research , Legon , Accra , Ghana
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Salama KM, Ibrahim OM, Kaddah AM, Boseila S, Ismail LA, Hamid MMA. Liver Enzymes in Children with beta-Thalassemia Major: Correlation with Iron Overload and Viral Hepatitis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:287-92. [PMID: 27275237 PMCID: PMC4877869 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Beta Thalassemia is the most common chronic hemolytic anemia in Egypt (85.1%) with an estimated carrier rate of 9-10.2%. Injury to the liver, whether acute or chronic, eventually results in an increase in serum concentrations of Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST). AIM: Evaluating the potentiating effect of iron overload & viral hepatitis infection on the liver enzymes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty (80) thalassemia major patients were studied with respect to liver enzymes, ferritin, transferrin saturation, HBsAg, anti-HCV antibody and HCV-PCR for anti-HCV positive patients. RESULTS: Fifty % of the patients were anti-HCV positive and 55% of them were HCV-PCR positive. Patients with elevated ALT and AST levels had significantly higher mean serum ferritin than those with normal levels. Anti-HCV positive patients had higher mean serum ferritin, serum ALT, AST and GGT levels and higher age and duration of blood transfusion than the negative group. HCV-PCR positive patients had higher mean serum ferritin and serum ALT and also higher age and duration of blood transfusion than the negative group. CONCLUSION: Iron overload is a main leading cause of elevated liver enzymes, and presence of HCV infection is significantly related to the increased iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola M Ibrahim
- National Research Center, Child Health Department, El Buhouth st., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | | | - Samia Boseila
- National Research Center, Child Health Department, El Buhouth st., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Leila Abu Ismail
- National Research Center, Child Health Department, El Buhouth st., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - May M Abdel Hamid
- National Research Center, Child Health Department, El Buhouth st., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
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Luz JD, Ávila A, Icasuriaga S, Gongóra M, Castillo L, Serrón A, Kimura EM, Costa FF, Sans M, Sonati MDF. Frequency and spectrum of hemoglobinopathy mutations in a Uruguayan pediatric population. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:316-22. [PMID: 24130436 PMCID: PMC3795163 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessive diseases worldwide but their prevalence in Uruguay has not been investigated. In this study, 397 unrelated outpatient children from the Pereira Rosell Hospital Center (CHPR), as well as 31 selected patients with microcytic anemia and 28 β-thalassemia carriers were analyzed for hemoglobinopathies by using biochemical and molecular biology methods. Parametric and non-parametric methods were used to compare the hematological indices between groups of genotypes. Of the 397 patients in the first group, approximately 1% (0.76% HbS and 0.25% β-thalassemia) had a mutation in the HBB gene and 3.3% had β-thalassemia. These mutations had a heterogeneous distribution that varied according to individual ancestry. HbS was found exclusively in individuals with declared African ancestry and had a carrier frequency of 2.2%. The frequency of α-thalassemia carriers in outpatients of European and African ancestry was 1.2% and 6.5%, respectively. In contrast, the frequency of α-thalassemia carriers in patients with microcytic anemia was 25.8%, significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that observed in the sample as a whole and in Afro-descendants and Euro-descendants. Significant differences were observed in the hematological parameters between individuals with thalassemia genotypes and those with a normal genotype. These results indicate that hemoglobinopathies are a relevant health problem in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Da Luz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo,
Uruguay
| | - Amalia Ávila
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo,
Uruguay
| | - Sandra Icasuriaga
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rosell, Montevideo,
Uruguay
| | - María Gongóra
- Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rosell, Montevideo,
Uruguay
| | - Luis Castillo
- Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rosell, Montevideo,
Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Serrón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo,
Uruguay
| | - Elza Miyuki Kimura
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP,
Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Hemocentro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidad Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP,
Brazil
| | - Mónica Sans
- Departmento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo,
Uruguay
| | - Maria de Fátima Sonati
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP,
Brazil
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Domínguez Y, Zurita C, Calvopiña D, Villacís J, Mora M. Prevalence of common hemoglobin variants in an afro-descendent Ecuadorian population. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:132. [PMID: 23557107 PMCID: PMC3626573 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemoglobinopathies are among the most studied and frequent pathologies. These genetic disorders are considered a very important health care threat in many tropical countries. Ecuador is a tropical Latin-American country with an important presence of afro-descendants (7.2%). Afro-descendants are among the ethnic groups with higher frequency of hemoglobinopathies reported. Ambuqui is a region within the Imbabura province with an important presence of afro-descendants (>50%). The present study analyzed the frequency of the most common hemoglobin variants in an asymptomatic afro-descendent population using capillary electrophoresis. Findings From 114 individuals, 25 (22%) reported a hemoglobin variant. All individuals that presented hemoglobin variants were heterozygotes (asymptomatic). Hemoglobin S (sickle cell trait) was the most frequent variant found (14%), followed by hemoglobin E (4.4%), Fetal (2.6%) and C (1%). Conclusion Prevalence of hemoglobin S was consistent with populations from other countries, but it was lower than other Ecuadorian afro-descendent populations. Frequency of hemoglobin C was lower than other afro-descendent populations. This data suggests the possibility of gene flow from Native American individuals to the Ambuqui population there by lowering the frequency of their hemoglobin variants compared with other afro-descendant populations. Evaluating the frequency of hemoglobinopathies in Ecuadorian populations is essential. Despite the high frequency of these disorders, very few health care facilities implement hemoglobinopathies tests as a routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila Domínguez
- Escuela Politécnica de Ejército, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Ecuador
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