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Setiawan AB, Teo CH, Kikuchi S, Sassa H, Koba T. An improved method for inducing prometaphase chromosomes in plants. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:32. [PMID: 29760782 PMCID: PMC5946395 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Detailed karyotyping using metaphase chromosomes in melon (Cucumis melo L.) remains a challenge because of their small chromosome sizes and poor stainability. Prometaphase chromosomes, which are two times longer and loosely condensed, provide a significantly better resolution for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) than metaphase chromosomes. However, suitable method for acquiring prometaphase chromosomes in melon have been poorly investigated. Results In this study, a modified Carnoy’s solution II (MC II) [6:3:1 (v/v) ethanol: acetic acid: chloroform] was used as a pretreatment solution to obtain prometaphase chromosomes. We demonstrated that the prometaphase chromosomes obtained using the MC II method are excellent for karyotyping and FISH analysis. We also observed that a combination of MC II and the modified air dry (ADI) method provides a satisfactory meiotic pachytene chromosome preparation with reduced cytoplasmic background and clear chromatin spreads. Moreover, we demonstrated that pachytene and prometaphase chromosomes of melon and Abelia × grandiflora generate significantly better FISH images when prepared using the method described. We confirmed, for the first time, that Abelia × grandiflora has pairs of both strong and weak 45S ribosomal DNA signals on the short arms of their metaphase chromosomes. Conclusion The MC II and ADI method are simple and effective for acquiring prometaphase and pachytene chromosomes with reduced cytoplasm background in plants. Our methods provide high-resolution FISH images that can help accelerate molecular cytogenetic research in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Budi Setiawan
- 1Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510 Japan
| | - Chee How Teo
- 2Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shinji Kikuchi
- 1Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510 Japan
| | - Hidenori Sassa
- 1Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510 Japan
| | - Takato Koba
- 1Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510 Japan
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Abstract
The asymmetry indexes have helped cytotaxonomists to interpret and classify plant karyotypes for species delimitation efforts. However, there is no consensus about the best method to calculate the intrachromosomal asymmetry. The present study aimed to compare different intrachromosomal asymmetry indexes in order to indicate which are more efficient for the estimation of asymmetry in different groups of orchids. Besides, we aimed to compare our results with the Orchidaceae phylogenetic proposal to test the hypothesis of Stebbins (1971). Through a literature review, karyotypes were selected and analyzed comparatively with ideal karyotypes in a cluster analysis. All karyotypes showed some level of interchromosomal asymmetry, ranging from slightly asymmetric to moderately asymmetric. The five tested intrachromosomal asymmetry indexes indicated Sarcoglottis grandiflora as the species with the most symmetrical karyotype and Christensonella pachyphylla with the most asymmetrical karyotype. In the cluster analysis, the largest number of species were grouped with the intermediary ideal karyotypes B or C. Considering our results, we recommend the combined use of at least two indexes, especially Ask% or A1 with Syi, for cytotaxonomic analysis in groups of orchids. In an evolutionary perspective, our results support Stebbins’ hypothesis that asymmetric karyotypes derive from a symmetric karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoque Medeiros-Neto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Citogenética Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Felipe Nollet
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Citogenética Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Moraes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Felix
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Citogenética Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, Areia, PB, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Domínguez JM, Ríos-Lara LL, Tapia-Campos E, Barba-Gonzalez R. An improved technique for obtaining well-spread metaphases from plants with numerous large chromosomes. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:159-166. [PMID: 28418749 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1288927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations that contain well-spread metaphase chromosomes are critical for plant cytogenetic analyses including chromosome counts, banding procedures, in situ hybridization, karyotyping and construction of ideograms. Chromosome spreading is difficult for plants with large and numerous chromosomes. We report here a technique for obtaining cytoplasm-free, well-spread metaphases from two Amaryllidaceae species: Sprekelia formosissima (2n = 120) and Hymenocallis howardii (2n = 96). The technique has three main steps: 1) pretreatment to cause chromosome condensation, 2) dripping onto tilted slides coated with a thin layer of pure acetic acid and 3) application of steam and acetic acid to produce cytoplasmic hydrolysis, which spreads the chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rodríguez-Domínguez
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - L L Ríos-Lara
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - E Tapia-Campos
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - R Barba-Gonzalez
- a Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco , A.C. Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
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da Silva GM, Varella TL, Karsburg IV, Santana TN, de Carvalho IF, da Silva Añez RB, Rossi AAB, da Silva ML. Cytogenetic Characterization of Species and Hybrids of Orchids of Cattleya Genus. CYTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.82.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isane Vera Karsburg
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Avenida Perimetral Rogério Silva
| | - Telma Nair Santana
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
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Sharma SK, Mukai Y. Chromosome research in orchids: current status and future prospects with special emphasis from molecular and epigenetic perspective. THE NUCLEUS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-015-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Ueno S, Rodrigues JF, Alves-Pereira A, Pansarin ER, Veasey EA. Genetic variability within and among populations of an invasive, exotic orchid. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv077. [PMID: 26162896 PMCID: PMC4564003 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that invasive species are of great evolutionary interest because of their success in colonizing and spreading into new areas, the factors underlying this success often remain obscure. In this sense, studies on population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of invasive species could offer insights into mechanisms of invasions. Originally from Africa, the terrestrial orchid Oeceoclades maculata, considered an invasive plant, is the only species of the genus throughout the Americas. Considering the lack of information on population genetics of this species, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of Brazilian populations of O. maculata. We used 13 inter-simple sequence repeat primers to assess the genetic diversity of 152 individuals of O. maculata distributed in five sampled sites from three Brazilian states (São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Paraná). Low diversity was found within samples, with estimates of the Shannon index (H) ranging from 0.0094 to 0.1054 and estimates of Nei's gene diversity (He) ranging from 0.0054 to 0.0668. However, when evaluated together, the sampling locations showed substantially higher diversity estimates (H = 0.3869, He = 0.2556), and most of the genetic diversity was found among populations (ΦST = 0.933). Both clustering and principal coordinate analysis indicate the existence of five distinct groups, corresponding to the sampled localities, and which were also recovered in the Bayesian analysis. A substructure was observed in one of the localities, suggesting a lack of gene flow even between very small distances. The patterns of genetic structure found in this study may be understood considering the interaction of several probable reproductive strategies with its history of colonization involving possible genetic drift, selective pressures and multiple introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueme Ueno
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jucelene Fernandes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Alves-Pereira
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Emerson Ricardo Pansarin
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ann Veasey
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, CP 83, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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Molecular phylogenetics of the species-rich genus Habenaria (Orchidaceae) in the New World based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 67:95-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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