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Zhao X, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang Y. hns mRNA downregulates the expression of galU and attenuates the motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151525. [PMID: 34340061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, multiple bifunctional RNAs have been discovered, which can both be translated into proteins and play regulatory roles. hns encodes the global gene silencing factor H-NS, which is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. This study reported that hns mRNA of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) was a bifunctional RNA that could act as an antisense RNA downregulating the expression of galU, the coding gene of uridine triphosphate-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, and attenuating bacterial motility. galU, which is located at the opposite strand of hns, was identified to have a long 3'-untranslated region that overlapped with hns and could be processed to produce short RNA fragments. The overexpression of hns mRNA inhibited the expression of galU. The deletion of galU attenuated the motility of S. Typhi, while the complementation of galU nearly restored the phenotype. Overexpressing hns mRNA in the wild-type strain of S. Typhi inhibited the motility and the expression of flagellar genes, while overexpressing hns mRNA in the galU-deletion mutant did not influence bacterial motility. In conclusion, hns mRNA has been identified to be a new bifunctional RNA that attenuates the motility of S. Typhi by downregulating the expression of galU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China.
| | - Fanfan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Yurou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Abstract
An SNP is a spontaneous genetic change having a potential to modify the functions of the original genes and to lead to phenotypic diversity of bacteria in nature. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, a major food-borne pathogen, showed that eight strains of S. Enteritidis isolated in South Korea, including FORC_075 and FORC_078, have almost identical genome sequences. Interestingly, however, the abilities of FORC_075 to form biofilms and red, dry and rough (RDAR) colonies were significantly impaired, resulting in phenotypic differences among the eight strains. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that one of the non-synonymous SNPs unique to FORC_075 has occurred in envZ, which encodes a sensor kinase of the EnvZ/OmpR two-component system. The SNP in envZ leads to an amino acid change from Pro248 (CCG) in other strains including FORC_078 to Leu248 (CTG) in FORC_075. Allelic exchange of envZ between FORC_075 and FORC_078 identified that the SNP in envZ is responsible for the impaired biofilm- and RDAR colony-forming abilities of S. Enteritidis. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that the SNP in envZ significantly increases the phosphorylated status of OmpR in S. Enteritidis and alters the expression of the OmpR regulon. Phenotypic analyses further identified that the SNP in envZ decreases motility of S. Enteritidis but increases its adhesion and invasion to both human epithelial cells and murine macrophage cells. In addition to an enhancement of infectivity to the host cells, survival under acid stress was also elevated by the SNP in envZ. Together, these results suggest that the natural occurrence of the SNP in envZ could contribute to phenotypic diversity of S. Enteritidis, possibly improving its fitness and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhyun Ko
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen L, Gu L, Geng X, Xu G, Huang X, Zhu X. A novel cis antisense RNA AsfD promotes Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi motility and biofilm formation. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104044. [PMID: 32032766 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can participate in multiple biological processes, including motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Using high-throughput sequencing and transcriptome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), we identified a novel antisense RNA located at the opposite strand of the flhDC operon. In this study, a northern blot and qRT-PCR were used to confirm the expression of this newfound antisense RNA in S. Typhi. Moreover, 5' RACE and 3' RT-PCR were performed to reveal the molecular characteristics of the antisense RNA, which was 2079 nt - 2179 nt in length, covered the entire flhDC operon sequence, and termed AsfD. The level of AsfD expression was higher during the stationary phase of S. Typhi and activated by the regulators, OmpR and Fis. When AsfD was overexpressed, the level of flagellar gene flhDC transcription increased; moreover, the level of fliA and fljB expression, as well as the motility and biofilm formation of S. Typhi were also enhanced. The results of this study suggest that AsfD is likely to enhance the motility and biofilm formation of S. Typhi by up-regulating flhDC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Xinfeng Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Guoxin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojue Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.
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Zhang Y, Xia L, Lin L, Tang H, Osei-adjei G, Xu S, Zhang Y, Huang X. Reciprocal Regulation of OmpR and Hfq and Their Regulatory Actions on the Vi Polysaccharide Capsular Antigen in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:773-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Xie X, Wang M, Du H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Gong M, Ni B, Xu H, Huang X. Identification and Characterization of a Gene stp17 Located on the Linear Plasmid pBSSB1 as an Enhanced Gene of Growth and Motility in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:110. [PMID: 27761429 PMCID: PMC5050219 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear plasmid pBSSB1 mediates the flagellar phase variation in H:z66 positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). The gene named stp17 (S. Typhi plasmid number 17 gene) is located on pBSSB1 and encodes the protein STP17. The expression pattern at the protein-level and function of STP17 remains unknown. In this study, the recombinant protein STP17His6 was expressed, purified and used to prepare the polyclonal anti-STP17 antibody. We detected protein-level expression of stp17 in S. Typhi and further investigated the protein expression characteristics of stp17 in different growth phases by western blot analysis. The effects of STP17 on bacterial growth and motility were analyzed. In addition, the structure of STP17 was predicted and the active site of STP17 was identified by site-directed mutagenesis. The results showed that STP17 was expressed stably in the wild type strain of S. Typhi. STP17 expression at the protein level peaks when cultures reach an OD600 value of 1.2. The growth rate and motility of the Δstp17 strain were significantly decreased compared with the wild type strain (P < 0.05) and this phenotype was restored in the stp17 complementary strain. Moreover, the growth rate and motility of the stp17 over-expression strain was greater than the wild type strain. STP17 contains nine Helix segments, six Stand segments and some Coil segments in the secondary structural level. The top-ranked 3-D structure of STP17 predicted by I-TASSER contains a putative ATPase domain and the amino acid residues of GLY16, GLY19, LYS20, ASN133, LYS157, and LYS158 may be the active site residues of STP17. Finally, STP17 was able to catalyze the ATP to ADP reaction, suggesting that STP17 may be an ATPase. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the protein expression characteristics of STP17 in S. Typhi, showing that STP17 promotes bacterial growth and motility, which may be associated with its potential ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Shungao Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mingyu Gong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Ni
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, China
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Zheng X, Zhang Q, Ji Y, Zhao X, Ni B, Xu S, Huang X. Expression and secretion pattern of FljB of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in different culture conditions. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:142-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhao X, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Du H, Ni B, Huang X. Transcriptional Expression of Six Genes Located on pBSSB1 of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Different Growth Phases and Environmental Stresses. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:252-7. [PMID: 24723031 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Zhang H, Du H, Ji X, Ni B, Mao L, Xu S, Sheng X, Xu H, Huang X. OmpR may regulate the putative YehU/YehT two-component system in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi under hypotonic growth condition. Curr Microbiol 2011; 64:283-9. [PMID: 22179129 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Decreased expression (twofold) of a putative yehUTS operon of which yehUT encodes a putative YehU/YehT two-component system in the ompR mutant from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) GIFU10007 under hypotonic growth condition was observed by qRT-PCR. Purified recombinant protein OmpR(His6) of GIFU10007 was shown to bind the upstream region of the yehU gene by the gel-shift assay. In addition, the yehT deletion mutant (ΔyehT) displayed differential expression (twofold or higher) of 26 genes under the condition by the DNA microarray analysis. Altogether, OmpR might regulate the YehUT system in S. Typhi under hypotonic growth condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Dilmaghani M, Ahmadi M, Zahraei Salehi T, Talebi A, Darvishzadeh R. PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of fljB gene in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from avians. Iran J Microbiol 2010; 2:178-84. [PMID: 22347569 PMCID: PMC3279790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Economic constraint of diseases arising from Salmonella Typhimurium causes the study of this zoonotic organism more important. Most studies on identification and characterization of S. Typhimurium are conducted at DNA level. Flagellin genes (fliC and fljB genes encoding phase-1 and phase-2 flagella, respectively) are useful as a model system for studying genetic differentiation. The objectives of the present study were to identify the polymorphism of fljB among avians in different regions by the PCR-RFLP method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two S. Typhimurium isolates out of 1,870 intestine samples were identified using culture and serotyping as well as multiplex-PCR (broiler (n=13), layer (n=12), duck (n=5), goose (n=5), sparrow (n=8), canary (n=3), pigeon (n=5) and casco parrot (n=1)). Amplification of fljB gene was performed and amplified products subjected to restriction digestion with Hha I enzyme. RESULTS Two RFLP patterns generated DNA fragments between approximately 50 to 800 bps. Pattern A was observed in 33 (63.46%) and pattern B in 19 (36.54%) of isolates. Salmonella Typhimurium recovered from 13 broilers (ten with pattern A and 3 with pattern B) and 8 sparrow (three with pattern A and 5 with pattern B) showed both A and B patterns. Twelve layers, 5 pigeons and 3 canaries showed pattern A and 5 ducks, 5 geese and one casco parrot showed pattern B. None of these patterns was allotted for a special region. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that fljB gene is highly conserved among avians in different geographical regions, suggesting not only the importance of fljB gene in survival of organism in different environmental conditions but also the relation between proteins encoded by fljB gene and serotyping scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dilmaghani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia,Urmia, Iran
| | - M Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia,Urmia, Iran
| | - T Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Talebi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia,Urmia, Iran
| | - R Darvishzadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
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Du H, Sheng X, Zhang H, Zou X, Ni B, Xu S, Zhu X, Xu H, Huang X. RpoE may promote flagellar gene expression in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi under hyperosmotic stress. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:492-500. [PMID: 20717675 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi z66 positive strain contains a fljBA-like operon on a linear plasmid. The operon contains the gene fljB:z66 which encodes the z66 antigen. RpoE is a sigma factor σ(E) that initiates transcription of a series of genes in Escherichia and Salmonella under environmental stresses. To investigate whether the gene fljB:z66 is regulated by RpoE (σ(E)), a rpoE deletion mutant of S. enterica serovar Typhi (ΔrpoE) was prepared in this study. The defective motility of the ΔrpoE was confirmed firstly. Transcriptional expression of flagellar genes was screened using a genomic DNA microarray. Some class-2 and most class-3 flagellar genes were downregulated in the ΔrpoE after 30 min of hyperosmotic stress. The expression of fliA and fljB:z66, a class-2 flagellar gene and a class-3 flagellar gene, obviously decreased; however, expression of the class-1 flagellar genes flhDC did not change obviously in the ΔrpoE compared to the wild-type strain in the same conditions. Results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression levels of fliA and fljB:z66 in the ΔrpoE after 30 min of hyperosmotic stress decreased about five and eightfold, respectively, compared to the wild-type strain. Similar results were observed at 120 min of hyperosmotic stress. Western blotting and qRT-PCR analysis showed that expression of fliA and fljB:z66 was significantly increased after supplemental expression of rpoE with a recombinant plasmid pBADrpoE in the ΔrpoE strain. These results demonstrated that RpoE promoted the expression of class-3 flagellar genes and it might be performed by initiating the expression of fliA in S. enterica serovar Typhi under hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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