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Polat T, Soyhan İ, Cebeci S, İldeniz TAÖ, Gök Ö, Elmas MA, Mozioğlu E, Ünübol N. New-generation biofilm effective antimicrobial peptides and a real-time anti-biofilm activity assay: CoMIC. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:316. [PMID: 38700735 PMCID: PMC11068671 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is very important to produce new-generation drugs with antimicrobial properties that will target biofilm-induced infections. The first target for combating these microorganisms, which are the source itself. Antimicrobial peptides, which are more effective than antibiotics due to their ability to kill microorganisms and use a different metabolic pathway, are among the new options today. The aim of this study is to develop new-generation antibiotics that inhibit both biofilm-producing bacteria and the biofilm itself. For this purpose, we designed four different peptides by combining two amino acid forms (D- and L-) with the same sequence having alpha helix structures. It was found that the combined use of these two forms can increase antimicrobial efficacy more than 30-fold. These results are supported by molecular modeling and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), at the same time cytotoxicity (IC50) and hemotoxicity (HC50) values remained within the safe range. Furthermore, antibiofilm activities of these peptides were investigated. Since the existing biofilm inhibition methods in the literature do not technically simulate the exact situation, in this study, we have developed a real-time observable biofilm model and a new detection method based on it, which we call the CoMIC method. Findings have shown that the NET1 peptide with D-leucine amino acid in its structure and the NET3 peptide with D-arginine amino acid in its structure are effective in inhibiting biofilm. As a conclusion, our peptides can be considered as potential next-generation broad-spectrum antibiotic molecule/drug candidates that might be used in biofilm and clinical important bacteria. KEY POINTS: • Antimicrobial peptides were developed to inhibit both biofilms producing bacteria and the biofilm itself. • CoMIC will fill a very crucial gap in understanding biofilms and conducting the necessary quantitative studies. • Molecular modelling studies, NET1 peptide molecules tends to move towards and adhere to the membrane within nanoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Polat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Soyhan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Cebeci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Arzu Özal İldeniz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgül Gök
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Açıkel Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embriology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Mozioğlu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nihan Ünübol
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Soliman M, Said HS, El-Mowafy M, Barwa R. Novel PCR detection of CRISPR/Cas systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its correlation with antibiotic resistance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7223-7234. [PMID: 36178514 PMCID: PMC9592639 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) systems are considered as acquired immune mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also in archaea. They provide resistance/immunity to attacking bacteriophages or mobile genetic elements as integrative conjugative elements (ICE) as well as plasmid transformation. As an opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been held responsible for serious infections especially in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. Three subtypes of type I CRISPR system (I-C, I-E, & I-F1) have been detected in P. aeruginosa genomes. In this work, P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from different clinical sources, and the three CRISPR/Cas subtypes (I-C, I-E, & I-F1) were detected via singleplex and multiplex PCR techniques using novel universal primers that were designed specifically in this study. CRISPR subtypes I-C, I-E, and I-F1 were detected in 10, 9, and 13 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility of CRISPR/Cas-positive and negative isolates to different antibiotics and the capacity of biofilm formation were detected using disc diffusion method and tissue culture plate method, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the presence/absence of CRISPR/Cas system and both antimicrobial susceptibility to some antibiotics and biofilm-forming capacity among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Key points • A novel multiplex–PCR for detection of CRISPR/Cas-positive strains of P. aeruginosa. • Understand the correlation between CRISPR/Cas systems and other characters of P. aeruginosa. • Correlation between antimicrobial susceptibility and CRISPR systems in P. aeruginosa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12144-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Soliman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba Shehta Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed El-Mowafy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Barwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Pulusu CP, Manivannan B, Raman SS, Singh S, Khamari B, Lama M, Peketi ASK, Datta C, Prasad KN, Nagaraja V, Pradeep BE. Localized outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa belonging to international high-risk clones in a south Indian hospital. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35286253 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is now considered as a major bacterial pathogen associated with hospital infections. Frequently, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa are being encountered. Unusual increase in the P. aeruginosa infections led to the suspicion of outbreaks in the urology ward and cardiothoracic and vascular surgery intensive care unit (CTVS-ICU).Hypothesis. We hypothesize that the localized outbreaks may have originated from environmental sources within the hospital premises. An alternative possibility is the transmission from a previously infected patient or hospital attendant. Understanding the drug-resistance profile and genome characteristics of these clinical samples would determine the likely source of infection and spread.Aim. To perform epidemiological and molecular investigations on the suspected outbreaks of P. aeruginosa in the study centre and identify potential sources of infection.Methodology. Fourteen drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from patients of the urology ward, CTVS-ICU and tap waters collected during the suspected outbreaks were subjected to microbiological and genomic analysis. Comparative genome (CG) analysis of these 14 study genomes with 284 complete P. aeruginosa genomes was performed.Results. Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to five different sequence types (ST235, ST357, ST639, ST654 and ST1203) and clustered into three distinct groups while two CTVS-ICU isolates remained as singletons. Genome analysis distinguished that the outbreaks in the urology ward and CTVS-ICU are independent, epidemiologically unrelated to each other and with the tap-water isolates.Conclusion. This study highlights the presence of distinct, clonally unrelated, drug-resistant P. aeruginosa within a hospital setting. The genome analysis of the two localized outbreaks revealed their distinct genetic background and phylogenetically unrelated origin. Vigilant screening and effective implementation of infection control measures led to the successful containment of potential environmental reservoirs of P. aeruginosa within the premises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakya Pachi Pulusu
- AMR Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Bhavani Manivannan
- AMR Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Sai Suguna Raman
- Infection Control, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Prasanthigram, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Balaram Khamari
- AMR Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Manmath Lama
- AMR Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Arun Sai Kumar Peketi
- AMR Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Chandreyee Datta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kashi Nath Prasad
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.,Department of Microbiology, Apollo Medics Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, India
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Dolatshah L, Tabatabaei M. A phenotypic and molecular investigation of biofilm formation in clinical samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 10:157-163. [PMID: 35097137 PMCID: PMC8798273 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2021.41708.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is identified as a versatile opportunistic microorganism with metabolic diversity contributing to a wide range of health burdens, especially in immunocompromised patients. This bacterium is the cause of 10 to 20% of nosocomial infections. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic characterizations of biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates using micro-titer plate assay. Indeed, we estimated the prevalence of QS (rhlI, rhlR, rhlAB, lasB, lasI, lasR, aprA) and virulence genes (pslA and cupA) by PCR. The results showed that among 69% of the isolates forming biofilm, 9% were strong biofilm producers, whereas 13% and 47% of isolates produced moderate and low amounts of biofilm, respectively. All isolates possessed cupA and seven QS genes (rhlI, rhlR, rhlAB, lasB, lasI, lasR, aprA), while 92% of the isolates possessed the pslA gene. Identification of these genes and their association with biofilm formation can be advantageous in adopting therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Tel: +98 71 36138696; Fax: +98 71 32286940, E. mail: AND
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Gajdács M, Baráth Z, Kárpáti K, Szabó D, Usai D, Zanetti S, Donadu MG. No Correlation between Biofilm Formation, Virulence Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Results from a Laboratory-Based In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1134. [PMID: 34572716 PMCID: PMC8471826 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) possesses a plethora of virulence determinants, including the production of biofilm, pigments, exotoxins, proteases, flagella, and secretion systems. The aim of our present study was to establish the relationship between biofilm-forming capacity, the expression of some important virulence factors, and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype in P. aeruginosa. A total of three hundred and two (n = 302) isolates were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of resistance determinants were carried out; based on these results, isolates were grouped into distinct resistotypes and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices were calculated. The capacity of isolates to produce biofilm was assessed using a crystal violet microtiter-plate based method. Motility (swimming, swarming, and twitching) and pigment-production (pyoverdine and pyocyanin) were also measured. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to determine for antimicrobial resistance, biofilm-formation, and expression of other virulence factors. Resistance rates were the highest for ceftazidime (56.95%; n = 172), levofloxacin (54.97%; n = 166), and ciprofloxacin (54.64%; n = 159), while lowest for colistin (1.66%; n = 5); 44.04% (n = 133) of isolates were classified as MDR. 19.87% (n = 60), 20.86% (n = 63) and 59.27% (n = 179) were classified as weak, moderate, and strong biofilm producers, respectively. With the exception of pyocyanin production (0.371 ± 0.193 vs. non-MDR: 0.319 ± 0.191; p = 0.018), MDR and non-MDR isolates did not show significant differences in expression of virulence factors. Additionally, no relevant correlations were seen between the rate of biofilm formation, pigment production, or motility. Data on interplay between the presence and mechanisms of drug resistance with those of biofilm formation and virulence is crucial to address chronic bacterial infections and to provide strategies for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 63, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62–64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Kárpáti
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62–64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Donatella Usai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.U.); (S.Z.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.U.); (S.Z.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.U.); (S.Z.); (M.G.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Ruksakiet K, Stercz B, Tóth G, Jaikumpun P, Gróf I, Tengölics R, Lohinai ZM, Horváth P, Deli MA, Steward MC, Dobay O, Zsembery Á. Bicarbonate Evokes Reciprocal Changes in Intracellular Cyclic di-GMP and Cyclic AMP Levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060519. [PMID: 34200909 PMCID: PMC8230467 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Cyclic di-GMP and cyclic AMP are second messengers regulating the bacterial lifestyle transition in response to environmental signals. We aimed to investigate the effects of extracellular pH and bicarbonate on intracellular c-di-GMP and cAMP levels, and on biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa was inoculated in a brain−heart infusion medium supplemented with 25 and 50 mM NaCl in ambient air (pH adjusted to 7.4 and 7.7 respectively), or with 25 and 50 mM NaHCO3 in 5% CO2 (pH 7.4 and 7.7). After 16 h incubation, c-di-GMP and cAMP were extracted and their concentrations determined. Biofilm formation was investigated using an xCelligence real-time cell analyzer and by crystal violet assay. Our results show that HCO3− exposure decreased c-di-GMP and increased cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm formation was also reduced after 48 h exposure to HCO3−. The reciprocal changes in second messenger concentrations were not influenced by changes in medium pH or osmolality. These findings indicate that HCO3− per se modulates the levels of c-di-GMP and cAMP, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting the planktonic lifestyle of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Balázs Stercz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Laboratory, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Martin C. Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Clinical Biofilm Ring Test ® Reveals the Potential Role of β-Lactams in the Induction of Biofilm Formation by P. aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121065. [PMID: 33352641 PMCID: PMC7766936 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are characterized by high tolerance to antimicrobials. However, conventional antibiograms are performed on planktonic microorganisms. Through the clinical Biofilm Ring Test® (cBRT), initially aimed to measure the adhesion propensity of bacteria, we discerned a variable distribution of biofilm-producer strains among P. aeruginosa samples isolated from expectorations of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Despite a majority of spontaneous adherent isolates, few strains remained planktonic after 5 h of incubation. Their analysis by an adapted protocol of the cBRT revealed an induction of the biofilm early formation by sub-inhibitory doses of β-lactams. Microscopic observations of bacterial cultures stained with Syto 9/Propidium Iodide (PI) confirmed the ability of antimicrobials to increase either the bacterial biomass or the biovolume occupied by induced sessile cells. Finally, the cBRT and its derivatives enabled to highlight in a few hours the potential inducer property of antibiotics on bacterial adhesion. This phenomenon should be considered carefully in the context of CF since patients are constantly under fluctuating antimicrobial treatments. To conclude, assays derived from the Biofilm Ring Test® (BRT) device, not only define efficient doses preventing biofilm formation, but could be useful for the antimicrobial selection in CF, to avoid inducer molecules of the early biofilm initiation.
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Hemati S, Kouhsari E, Sadeghifard N, Maleki A, Omidi N, Mahdavi Z, Pakzad I. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of biocides induced biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100794. [PMID: 33240514 PMCID: PMC7674602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear that biofilm formation causes many serious health-care problems. Interestingly, sub minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of some biocides can induce biofilm formation in bacteria. We investigated whether sub-MICs of Savlon, chlorhexidine and deconex®, as biocidal products, can induce biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To determine MICs and biofilm formation, we performed microtitre plate assays. All three biocides induced biofilm formation at sub-MICs; Savlon was the most successful antiseptic agent to induce biofilm formation among P. aeruginosa isolates. Deconex had the best inhibition effect on planktonic cultures of P. aeruginosa isolates. We concluded that sub-MICs of Savlon and deconex could significantly induce biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemati
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - E Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - N Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - A Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - N Omidi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Z Mahdavi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - I Pakzad
- Clinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Olive Leaf Extract Modulates Quorum Sensing Genes and Biofilm Formation in Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090526. [PMID: 32824901 PMCID: PMC7560099 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm acts as a complex barrier against antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activities of Olea europaea (olive) leaves Camellia sinensis (green tea), Styrax benzoin, Ocimum basilicum, Humulus lupulus, Ruta graveolens, and Propolis extracts on the biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and twitching motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Moreover, we investigated the effect of olive leaf extract on the transcription of some biofilm related genes. A total of 204 isolates of Pseudomonas were collected from different Egyptian hospitals. A susceptibility test, carried out using the disc diffusion method, revealed that 49% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. More than 90% of the isolates were biofilm-forming, of which 26% were strong biofilm producers. At subinhibitory concentrations, green tea and olive leaf extracts had the highest biofilm inhibitory effects with 84.8% and 82.2%, respectively. The expression levels of lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR treated with these extracts were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by around 97-99% compared to untreated isolates. This study suggests the ability of olive leaf extract to reduce the biofilm formation and virulence factor production of P. aeruginosa through the down regulation of quorum sensing (QS) genes. This may help in reducing our dependence on antibiotics and to handle biofilm-related infections of opportunistic pathogens more efficiently.
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Synergistic effects of pomegranate and rosemary extracts in combination with antibiotics against antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1079-1092. [PMID: 32394240 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of plant extract and antibiotic represents a template for developing of antibiofilm drugs. This study investigated the synergistic effects of pomegranate/rosemary/antibiotic combinations against antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that 17 (85%) of total P. aeruginosa isolates were biofilm producers; however, 5 (25%) isolates were demonstrated as a strong biofilm producer. The highest MIC level (1024 μg/ml) of tested antibiotics against strong biofilm producer isolates was observed with piperacillin, however the MIC ranges of ceftazidime, gentamycin, imipenem, and levofloxacin against these isolates were reached to (256-1024 μg/ml), (32-1024 μg/ml), (8-1024 μg/ml), and (8-512 μg/ml), respectively. PS-1 was the representative isolate for strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance. 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested that PS-1 (accession No. MN619678) was identified as a strain of P. aeruginosa POA1. Pomegranate and rosemary extracts were the most effective extracts in biofilm inhibition, which significantly inhibited 91.93 and 90.83% of PS-1 biofilm, respectively. Notably, the synergism between both plant extracts and antibiotics has significantly reduced the MICs of used antibiotics at the level lower than the susceptibility breakpoints. Pomegranate/rosemary/antibiotic combinations achieved the highest biofilm eradication, which ranging from 90.0 to 99.6%, followed by the eradication ranges of pomegranate/rosemary combination, rosemary, and pomegranate extracts, which reached to (76.5-85.4%), (53.1-73.7%), and (41.2-71.5%), respectively. The findings suggest that pomegranate/rosemary/antibiotic combinations may be an effective therapeutic agent for antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa.
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Antibiofilm Activity of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Enzyme (CDH) Isolated from Aspergillus niger on Biofilm of Clinical Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.90635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Effects of Lysozyme, Proteinase K, and Cephalosporins on Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2020; 2020:6156720. [PMID: 32089678 PMCID: PMC7031717 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6156720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can form biofilms, which confer resistance to immune clearance and antibacterial treatment. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation are warranted. Here, 103 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were quantitatively screened for biofilm formation ability via the tissue culture plate method. The effects of lysozyme (hydrolytic enzyme) and proteinase K (protease) on biofilm formation were evaluated at different concentrations. Lysozyme (30 μg/mL), but not proteinase K, significantly inhibited biofilm formation (19% inhibition). Treatment of 24-hour-old biofilms of P. aeruginosa isolates with 50 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime and cefepime significantly decreased the biofilm mass by 32.8% and 44%, respectively. Moreover, the exposure of 24-hour-old biofilms of P. aeruginosa isolates to lysozyme (30 μg/mL) and 50 times MICs of ceftazidime or cefepime resulted in a significant reduction in biofilm mass as compared with the exposure to lysozyme or either antibacterial agent alone. The best antibiofilm effect (49.3%) was observed with the combination of lysozyme (30 μg/mL) and 50 times MIC of cefepime. The promising antibiofilm activity observed after treatment with 50 times MIC of ceftazidime or cefepime alone or in combination with lysozyme (30 μg/mL) is indicative of a novel strategy to eradicate pseudomonal biofilms in intravascular devices and contact lenses.
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Emaneini M, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D, Jabalameli L, Hashemi M, Beigverdi R, Jabalameli F. Molecular analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of distinct strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 11:98-107. [PMID: 31341563 PMCID: PMC6635311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients may lead to severe pulmonary disease and death. Different characteristics of P. aeruginosa from these patients were determined in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility and AmpC-overproduction were determined. The β-lactamase genes were detected by PCR and the oprD gene was sequenced in some of the carbapenem resistance isolates. Distribution of exo genes was determined by PCR. Cytotoxicity of Exo effector proteins was measured using A549 cells. Biofilm production was determined by microtiter plate assay. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) -PCR was performed for molecular analysis. RESULTS Polymyxin B, piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem were the most active antibiotics and 9.6% of isolates were ampC overproducers. The prevalence of bla VEB, bla OXA, bla VIM, and bla PER genes were as follow: 22.7%, 3.75%, 6.25% and 3.75%, respectively. A high proportion (83.5%) of isolates was able to produce biofilm. The exoT gene was present in all isolates while exoU was present in about 35% of them. RAPD-PCR revealed 49 patterns among 78 tested isolates in which 34 patterns were detected once. CONCLUSION Biofilm formation ability and relatively high frequency of exoS may contribute to the persistence of bacteria within lungs of CF patients. Some characteristics of isolates recovered from a single patient after several sampling procedures were similar, while others lacked resemblance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hashemi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Fereshteh Jabalameli, Ph.D, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel- Fax: +98-021-88955810,
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Lima JLDC, Alves LR, Paz JNPD, Rabelo MA, Maciel MAV, Morais MMCD. Analysis of biofilm production by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2017; 29:310-316. [PMID: 28876402 PMCID: PMC5632973 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20170039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To phenotypically evaluate biofilm production by Pseudomonas
aeruginosa clinically isolated from patients with
ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methods Twenty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were analyzed, 19
of which were from clinical samples of tracheal aspirate, and one was from a
bronchoalveolar lavage sample. The evaluation of the capacity of P.
aeruginosa to produce biofilm was verified using two
techniques, one qualitative and the other quantitative. Results The qualitative technique showed that only 15% of the isolates were
considered biofilm producers, while the quantitative technique showed that
75% of the isolates were biofilm producers. The biofilm isolates presented
the following susceptibility profile: 53.3% were multidrug-resistant, and
46.7% were multidrug-sensitive. Conclusion The quantitative technique was more effective than the qualitative technique
for the detection of biofilm production. For the bacterial population
analyzed, biofilm production was independent of the susceptibility profile
of the bacteria, demonstrating that the therapeutic failure could be related
to biofilm production, as it prevented the destruction of the bacteria
present in this structure, causing complications of pneumonia associated
with mechanical ventilation, including extrapulmonary infections, and making
it difficult to treat the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jailton Lobo da Costa Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Lilian Rodrigues Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Jussyêgles Niedja Pereira da Paz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Marcelle Aquino Rabelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Maria Amélia Vieira Maciel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Marcia Maria Camargo de Morais
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
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Hrv R, Devaki R, Kandi V. Evaluation of Different Phenotypic Techniques for the Detection of Slime Produced by Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens. Cureus 2016; 8:e505. [PMID: 27026830 PMCID: PMC4807914 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microorganisms use various strategies for their survival in both the environment and in humans. Slime production by bacteria is one such mechanism by which microbes colonize on the indwelling prosthetic devices and form biofilms. Infections caused by such microorganisms are difficult to treat as the biofilm acts as a shield and protects microbes against antimicrobial agents. There are several methods for the detection of slime produced by bacteria, and they include both phenotypic and molecular methods. The present study evaluated the Congo red agar/broth method, Christensen’s method, dye elution technique, and the latex agglutination method for the demonstration of slime production by different bacterial clinical isolates. Materials & Methods We collected 151 bacterial clinical isolates (both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) from various specimens and tested them for the production of slime both by qualitative and quantitative tests. Congo red agar/broth method, Christensen's method, dye elution technique, and latex agglutination methods were used for detecting the slime or slime-like substance. Results We found that 103 (68.2%) strains were positive for slime production by Congo red agar/broth method. It was found that 18 (94.7%) strains of Klebsiellapneumoniae, 21 (84.0%) strains of S aureus and 25 (65.7%) strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococci were positive for slime or slime-like substances by Congo red agar/broth method. A total of 41.0% of the strains positive by Christensen's method and 15.2% of the strains by dye elution technique were found to be more adherent organisms and that have the potential to form biofilms. Only the gram-positive organisms showed nonspecific agglutination with latex suspension. Conclusion Among the various phenotypic methods compared in this study the Congo red agar/broth method is a simple, economical, sensitive, and specific method that can be used by clinical microbiology laboratories for screening the strains for the presence of slime or slime-like substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Hrv
- Department of Microbiology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Centre
| | - Ramakrishna Devaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Centre
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Heydari S, Eftekhar F. Biofilm Formation and β-Lactamase Production in Burn Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e15514. [PMID: 25964848 PMCID: PMC4417555 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen characterized by its innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. Plasmid-mediated drug resistance also occurs by the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), metallo β-lactamases (MBL), and AmpC β-lactamases. Another important factor for establishment of chronic infections by P. aeruginosa is biofilm formation mediated by the psl gene cluster. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation and presence of the pslA gene in burn isolates of P. aeruginosa as well as the association of antibiotic resistance, MBL, ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase production with biofilm formation among the isolates. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two burn isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran from August to October 2011. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion assay. MBL, AmpC and ESBL production were screened using the double disc synergy test, AmpC disc test and combined disc diffusion assay, respectively. The potential to form biofilm was measured using the microtiter plate assay and pslA gene was detected using specific primers and PCR. Results: Biofilm formation was observed in 43.5% of the isolates, of which 66.7% produced strong and 33.3% formed weak biofilms. All biofilm-positive and 14.2% of biofilm-negative isolates harbored the pslA gene. MBL, AmpC and ESBL production were significantly higher in the biofilm-positive isolates (70.3%, 62.9% and 33.3%, respectively) compared to the biofilm-negative strains (31.4%, 34.2% and 20%, respectively). Overall, 19 isolates (30.6%) co-produced MBL and AmpC, among which the majority were biofilm-positive (63.1%). Finally, four isolates (6.4%) had all three enzymes, of which 3 (75%) produced biofilm. Conclusions: Biofilm formation (both strong and weak) strongly correlated with pslA gene carriage. Biofilm formation also correlated with MBL and AmpC β-lactamase production. More importantly, multiple-β-lactamase phenotype was associated with formation of strong biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Heydari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereshteh Eftekhar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fereshteh Eftekhar, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2129903208, E-mail:
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López R, Monteón V, Chan E, Montejo R, Chan M. Oxygen limitation favors the production of protein with antimicrobial activity in Pseudoalteromonas sp. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1206-12. [PMID: 24031945 PMCID: PMC3768866 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the production of biomass and metabolites with antimicrobial activity of Pseudoalteromonas sp cultured at 0, 150, 250, or 450 revolutions per minute (rev. min(-1)). Dissolved oxygen (D.O) was monitored during the fermentation process, biomass was quantified by dry weight, and antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method. The bacterium Pseudoalteromonas reached similar concentration of biomass under all experimental agitation conditions, whereas antimicrobial activity was detected at 0 and 150 rev. min(-1) registering 0% and 12% of D.O respectively corresponding to microaerophilic conditions. Antibiotic activity was severely diminished when D.O was above 20% of saturation; this corresponded to 250 or 450 rev. min(-1). SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 80 kilodaltons (kDa) with antimicrobial activity. Pseudoalteromonas is capable of growing under oxic and microaerophilic conditions but the metabolites with antimicrobial activity are induced under microaerophilic conditions. The current opinion is that Pseudoalteromonas are aerobic organisms; we provide additional information on the amount of dissolved oxygen during the fermentation process and its effect on antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth López
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba s/n Col. Lindavista C.P.24090, Campeche, México,*Corresponding Author.Mailing address: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba s/n Col. Lindavista C.P.24090, Campeche, México.; Tel/Fax.: (+52 981) 813–0176.; E-mail: /
| | - Víctor Monteón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba s/n Col. Lindavista C.P.24090, Campeche, México
| | - Ernesto Chan
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba s/n Col. Lindavista C.P.24090, Campeche, México
| | - Rubí Montejo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Patricio Trueba s/n Col. Lindavista C.P.24090, Campeche, México
| | - Manuel Chan
- Centro de Investigaciones en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. López Portillo s/n Col. Buenavista C.P 24030, Campeche, Méxic
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