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Henry-Silva GG, da Silva Cacho JC, Moura RST, Flickinger DL, Valenti WC. Economic, social, and environmental assessment of farming Nile tilapia in net-cages in a reservoir in hot semi-arid region during an extended drought event. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78768-78779. [PMID: 35697987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water reservoirs have been constructed in hot semi-arid regions, which may be used to produce fish. The present study described major features of the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of a net-cage Nile tilapia production system, stocked with 100 and 120 fish/m3, implemented in a reservoir in the hot semi-arid region of Brazil during an extended drought event. The production cycle was reduced from 6-8 to 4 months because of the lack of water in the reservoir. This resulted in the harvest of small fish weighting ~300-350 g that reached a low value in the market. As a consequence, indicators of financial feasibility showed low values, which were not attractive for entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, for both stocking densities, the monthly income was about US$ 1,500.00, which is 5-fold the minimum wage in the region. In general, the activity has a positive social impact, despite the low contribution to development of the local economy and food security because most supply came from outside and fish were sold to distant regions. Various age and ethnic groups were represented among the employees, but the enterprise was operated only by men. Phosphorus accumulations in the reservoir were 2.1 and 2.0 kg/t of fish produced and particulate material accumulations of 110 and 100 kg/t of fish production for 125 fish/m3 and 100 fish/m3, respectively. The study indicated that the Nile tilapia culture in hot semi-arid region is strongly affected by long drought events and adaptations in the planning and management should be done when implementing the systems. However, it seems that the activity has some resilience to still provide food, generate wealth, and promote social development for local population with low environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gonzaga Henry-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Campus Mossoró, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil.
| | - Júlio César da Silva Cacho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Campus Macau, Macau, RN, 59500-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sávio Teixeira Moura
- Centro de Ciências Humanas, Naturais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Pinheiro, Pinheiro, MA, 65200-000, Brazil
| | - Dallas Lee Flickinger
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO, 65101, USA
| | - Wagner C Valenti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Aquaculture Center, Via Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14 884-900, Brazil
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Nader MM, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, Soliman SM, Khafaga AF. Effect of environmental factors on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2183-2194. [PMID: 36044083 PMCID: PMC9640449 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the practice of developing aquatic animals and plants under artificial environmental conditions, either in a controlled or semi-controlled environment. Due to high animal protein demand, it is one of the world's growing food production industries. It plays a vital role in contributing to food security and lowering the unemployment rate of the world's growing population. This review article aims to scope sight on the environmental factors that affect the growth and economic production process of Nile tilapia. Many of these factors are listed and analyzed in this review, such as stocking densities; various feed frequencies and feeding rates; water quality; water temperature; dissolved oxygen concentration; water pH degree; ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3) concentration; feeding regimes; feed cost; and tank culturing system of Nile tilapia. These factors can significantly alter body weight, composition, survival, behavior, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feeding efficiency, and the health and reproduction of Oreochromis niloticus. Furthermore, feeding, growth, disease risks, and survival rates are all affected by water quality parameters. In general, higher growth performance of O. niloticus in aquaculture can be obtained by keeping the optimum quantity of feed with proper feeding rate and frequency, maintaining a good proportion of stocking density, and regularly evaluating water quality. This review article highlights-in details-the impact of various environmental factors on growth performance criteria of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Maha M Nader
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Amira M El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Soliman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
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Natural Concurrent Infections with Black Spot Disease and Multiple Bacteriosis in Farmed Nile Tilapia in Central Kenya. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:8821324. [PMID: 32802305 PMCID: PMC7414341 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8821324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most cultured and available fish for Kenyan consumers, and therefore, any tilapine disease deprives them the valuable source of protein. Nile tilapia farm was diagnosed with severe concurrent black spot disease and multiple bacteriosis using gross lesions and parasitological, histopathology, and standard bacteriological procedures. A total of 25 fish were sampled and inspected, and all of them had raised, macroscopic 1 mm-sized black spot lesions. The mean intensity of black spots per fish was 728 with an abundance of 2–1740 metacercariae cysts per fish. A high intensity of black spot infestation was observed in the fins (43.9%), skin and underlying muscles (18.3%), and gills (18%). In addition, histopathological data confirmed presence of a metacercaria of Neascus spp. as the aetiological agent of black spot disease. Furthermore, a thick fibrous capsule around the metacercaria, black pigment melanomacrophages, and moderate muscle atrophy were observed. The most prevalent bacteria isolated were Aeromonas, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Micrococcus luteus. Physicochemical parameters of pond water were temperature (28.2°C), dissolved oxygen (4.2 mgl−1), pH (8.5), ammonia free nitrogen (15.8 mgl−1), alkalinity (112 mgl−1), hardness (68 mgl−1), nitrites (0.058 mgl−1), nitrates (58 mgl−1), and phosphates (0.046 mgl−1). However, the levels of nitrates, nitrites, alkalinity, and ammonia free nitrogen exceeded the recommended limits. In conclusion, these findings suggest that coinfections by these organisms coupled by water quality-related stress can be associated with low-grade mortality observed in postfingerling tilapia as well as reduced growth. The authors recommended immediate destocking, thorough disinfection, and control of piscivorous birds. Moreover, attention ought to be geared towards prevention of parasitic infestations in fish so as to minimize fish deaths related to secondary bacteriosis. Further experimental studies should be carried out to elucidate the relationship of these pathogens.
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Yoboué KP, Ouattara NI, Berté S, Aboua BRD, Coulibaly JK, Kouamélan EP. Structure of benthic macroinvertebrates population in an area of Mopoyem Bay (Ebrie Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire) exposed to the discharge of a fish farm effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:203. [PMID: 32124054 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discharges of untreated effluent from fish farming into the aquatic environment are a practice that can affect local biodiversity. This study was conducted to characterize, in the Ebrie Lagoon, the structure of benthic macroinvertebrates inhabiting an environment exposed to effluent discharges from fish farms. The benthic macroinvertebrates were collected with a Van Veen grab seasonally between August 2016 and July 2017 at the effluent discharge point in the lagoon and at a reference station out of anthropogenic activities. Identification of organisms was done using specialized keys. The results revealed that the proportion of tolerant macroinvertebrates is relatively high (47.74%) at the point of discharge of fish farming effluents into the Ebrie Lagoon. While at the reference station, macroinvertebrates population is dominated by sensitive and medium-sensitive taxa (93.53%). The benthic macroinvertebrates population, influenced by seasonal variations, exhibits peaks of abundance and diversity during the rainy seasons, while during the dry seasons, they strongly decline. Fish farming effluents dumped in Ebrie Lagoon lead to structural modifications of the local benthic macroinvertebrates population. These disturbances are intensified in dry seasons and attenuated in rainy seasons. This information should be taken into account in any decision to promote the responsible practice of fish farming and the sustainable management of water resources exploited for fish farming purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouamé Parfait Yoboué
- Hydrobiology and Waters Ecotechnology Laboratory, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
- Pastor Institute of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Nahoua Issa Ouattara
- Hydrobiology and Waters Ecotechnology Laboratory, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Siaka Berté
- Hydrobiology and Waters Ecotechnology Laboratory, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Benié Rose Danielle Aboua
- Hydrobiology and Waters Ecotechnology Laboratory, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Essetchi Paul Kouamélan
- Hydrobiology and Waters Ecotechnology Laboratory, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Osti JAS, Moraes MAB, Carmo CF, Mercante CTJ. Nitrogen and phosphorus flux from the production of Nile tilapia through the application of environmental indicators. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:25-31. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract We aimed in this study utilize environmental indicators as a quantitative method to evaluate and discuss the nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) flux by a production stage grow-out (termination) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in fishpond. The TN and TP load, the mass balance, the input of TN and TP via feed and the converted nutrients in fish biomass are the environmental indicators applied in this study. During the production cycle (128 days), the system exported 15,931 g TN and 4,189 g TP that were related to the amount of feed supplied (r Pearson = 0.8825 and r = 0.8523, respectively), corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (1.61:1). The indicators showed that 26% TN and 45% TP were reversed into fish biomass, 62% TN and 40% TP were retained in the fishpond, and 12% TN and 15% TP were exported via effluent. The largest contribution of nutrients generated by the system and exported via effluent was observed in phase III and IV. This result is supported by the feed conversion ratio 2.14 and 2.21:1 obtained at this phase, a fact explained by the amount of feed offered and the fish metabolism. Application of environmental indicators showed to be an efficient tool to quantify flux of TN and TP produced during the grow-out period of Nile tilapia and therefore, guide management practices more sustainable. Concerning the environmental sustainability of the activity the implementation of best management practices such as the better control of the feed amount offered would lead to a smaller loss of TN and TP to the water. Furthermore, the use of better quality feeds would allow greater nutrient assimilation efficiency.
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Moraes MAB, Carmo CF, Tabata YA, Vaz-dos-Santos AM, Mercante CTJ. Environmental indicators in effluent assessment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in raceway system through phosphorus and nitrogen. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:1021-1028. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.07315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The phosphorus and nitrogen discharge via effluent of intensive trout farming system was quantified through the use of environmental indicators. The nutrient loads, the mass balance, the estimated amount of nutrients in feed and the amount of nutrients converted in fish biomass were calculated based on the concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the feed and in the water. Of the offered feed, 24.75 kg were available as P and 99.00 kg as N, of these, 9.32 kg P (38%) and 29.12 kg N (25%) were converted into fish biomass and 15.43 kg P (62%) and 69.88 kg N (75%) were exported via effluent. The loads and the mass balance show the excessive discharge of nutrients via effluent, corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (2.12:1) due to the low efficiency of feed utilization, therefore, it is proposed the use of this zootechnical parameter as environmental indicator. In addition, feed management practices are not adequate, highlighting the low frequency of feeding during the day, excessive amount and low quality of feed offered. These results demonstrate the need for adequate feed management and the need for careful monitoring of effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Y. A. Tabata
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Brazil
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Bartozek ECR, Bueno NC, Feiden A, Rodrigues LC. Response of phytoplankton to an experimental fish culture in net cages in a subtropical reservoir. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:824-833. [PMID: 27166569 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate nutrients concentration and spatial-temporal changes in phytoplankton biovolume during an experimental fish culture in net cages in a lateral arm of Salto Caxias reservoir, Brazil. Two sampling stations were placed in the affected lateral arm and other two in a cageless lateral arm. Neither abiotic variables nor phytoplankton biovolume presented significant differences between the treatments. Only temporal changes were confirmed by the analysis performed. Both lateral arms were classified as oligotrophic, reflecting low influence of the net cages. Phytoplankton growth seems to be limited by nitrogen. Biovolume values were, in general, low and five major functional groups were recognized (E, F, G, K and P). In summer higher biovolume values were observed and representatives of Chlorophyceae and Cyanobacteria belonging to the functional groups F and K, respectively, were the most important. In winter phytoplankton was mainly composed by Bacillariophyceae taxa from P group. G group was also restricted to winter and E group occurred in winter and summer. The variations recorded in phytoplankton structure appear to have been mainly influenced by seasonal changes in temperature, precipitation and nutrients availability. The effects of net cages on the abiotic variables and phytoplankton biovolume appear to have been small, probably due to the small number of net cages employed and the system dilution capacity. However, a permanent monitoring of phytoplankton is recommended, since this environment has a carrying capacity, from which the trophic state may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C R Bartozek
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim Santa Maria, CP 320, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - N C Bueno
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim Santa Maria, CP 320, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - A Feiden
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.,Centro de Difusão de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Rio Iguaçu - CDT-Iguaçu, Capitão Leônidas Marques, PR, Brazil.,Grupo de Estudos de Manejo na Aquicultura - GEMAq, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim Santa Maria, CP 320, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - L C Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bl. H-90, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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