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Ghiotto TC, Barbosa MC, Guerreiro JC, Prado EP, Masson MV, Tavares WS, Wilcken CF, Zanuncio JC, Ferreira-Filho PJ. Ecological importance of lepidopteran defoliators on eucalyptus plantations based in faunistic and natural enemy analyses. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e268747. [PMID: 37466509 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.268747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Areas planted with Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake variety platyphylla F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) expand annually in most regions of Brazil. Many lepidopteran species defoliate this plant, but with damage varying per species. The objective of this study was to identify the pest status of lepidopteran defoliators based in the faunistic analysis of these insects and of their natural enemies on E. urophylla variety platyphylla plantations in a representative producing region of Brazil. Adult moths of lepidopterans and of their natural enemies were captured using a light trap, installed every two weeks, from September 2016 to August 2018. A total of 183, 10, three and 139 lepidopteran species was captured and classified as primary, secondary, without defined importance to eucalypt plants and non-identified with 1,419, seven, 465 and 876 individuals, respectively. Two primary pest species were constants, two accessories and six accidentals and all secondary ones were accidentals. Six primary pest species were common and dominant and four non-dominants. Faunistic indices indicated the main lepidopteran species that should be monitored in pest management programs. Seven hymenopteran species (65 individuals), three dipterans (49 individuals) and two hemipterans (four individuals) were the natural enemies collected using light traps. The monitoring of lepidopteran pests with light traps can contribute to the management and to reduce damage and control costs for these species, besides identifying natural enemies for biological control programs in Eucalyptus plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ghiotto
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Programa de Pós-graduação em Planejamento e Uso de Recursos Renováveis, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil
| | - M C Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Guerreiro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Agronomia, Umuarama, PR, Brasil
| | - E P Prado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"- UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Dracena, SP, Brasil
| | | | - W S Tavares
- Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. - APRIL, PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper - RAPP, Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - C F Wilcken
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"- UNESP, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - P J Ferreira-Filho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Programa de Pós-graduação em Planejamento e Uso de Recursos Renováveis, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil
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Magioli M, Attias N, Massocato G, Kluyber D, Moreira MZ, Ferraz KMPMDB, Chiarello AG, Desbiez ALJ. What a few hairs can tell us about the resource use of giant armadillos. Integr Zool 2023; 18:129-142. [PMID: 35278278 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of resource requirements of vulnerable species is key for conservation planning. Here, we used stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15 N) of hair from giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) to understand individual resource use. We collected hair from 19 giant armadillos analyzing 34 samples from the Brazilian Pantanal and compared the resource use between sexes and age classes. We also assessed the relationship of isotopic values with individuals' body mass and the habitat type used. We observed a wide variation in resource use by giant armadillos, showing that individuals consume prey that feeds on distinct resources and occupies different habitat types, indicating that there is individual variation in foraging behavior. Most giant armadillos presented a mixed diet (C3 /C4 resources, forests/open areas), but a quarter of individuals had strictly C4 diets (open areas). Males are more prone to forage on C4 resources, presenting an isotopic niche 2.6-times larger than that of females. Subadults presented diets more associated with habitats with high arboreal cover (C3 resources, forests), while adults foraged more in open areas (C4 resources). This result is mirrored by the positive relationship between δ13 C values and body mass, suggesting that larger giant armadillos tend to feed more in open areas. We observed that δ13 C values decreased as individuals increased the use of habitats with high arboreal cover. We stress the importance of conserving the natural mosaic in the Pantanal landscape for the species persistence, given that giant armadillos require all habitat types to fulfill their dietary, spatial, and developmental needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Magioli
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nina Attias
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Massocato
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Organização Não Governamental, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Houston Zoo, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danilo Kluyber
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Organização Não Governamental, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens, Naples, Florida, USA
| | - Marcelo Zacharias Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros Ferraz
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Garcia Chiarello
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaud L J Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Organização Não Governamental, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,RZSS-Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Murrayfield, Edinburgh, UK
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Santos DP, Marchão RL, Barbosa RS, Silva Junior JPD, Silva EMD, Nóbrega JCA, Niva CC, Santos GG. Soil macrofauna associated with cover crops in an Oxisol from the southwest of Piauí state, Brazil. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000822018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The soil macrofauna is fundamental for the maintenance of soil quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil macrofauna under different species of cover crops, including monoculture or intercropping associated to two types of soil management in the southwest region of Piauí state. The study was carried out in an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo, according to Brazilian Soil Classification System) in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, distributed in 30 m2 plots. Testing and evaluation of the soil macrofauna were conducted in a 9 × 2 strip factorial design, with combinations between cover crops/consortia and soil management (with or without tillage), with four replications. Soil monoliths (0.25 × 0.25 m) were randomly sampled in each plot for macrofauna at 0‒0.1, 0.1‒0.2, and 0.2‒0.3 m depth, including surface litter. After identification and counting of soil organims, the relative density of each taxon in each depth was determined. The total abundance of soil macrofauna quantified under cover crops in the conventional and no-tillage system was 2,408 ind. m-2, distributed in 6 classes, 16 orders, and 31 families. The results of multivariate analysis show that grass species in sole cropping systems and no-tillage presents higher macrofauna density, in particular the taxonomic group Isoptera. No-tillage also provided higher richness of families, where Coleoptera adult were the second more abundant group in no-tillage and Hemiptera in conventional tillage.
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Araújo ASF, Magalhaes LB, Santos VM, Nunes LAPL, Dias CTS. Biological properties of disturbed and undisturbed Cerrado sensu stricto from Northeast Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 77:16-21. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.06715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to measure soil microbial biomass and soil surface fauna in undisturbed and disturbed Cerrado sensu stricto (Css) from Sete Cidades National Park, Northeast Brazil. The following sites were sampled under Cerrado sensu stricto (Css) at the park: undisturbed and disturbed Css (slash-and-burn agricultural practices). Total organic and microbial biomass C were higher in undisturbed than in disturbed sites in both seasons. However, microbial biomass C was higher in the wet than in the dry season. Soil respiration did not vary among sites but was higher in the wet than in the dry season. The densities of Araneae, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera were higher in the undisturbed site, whereas the densities of Formicidae were higher in the disturbed site. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis separated undisturbed from disturbed sites according to soil biological properties. Disturbance by agricultural practices, such as slash-and-burn, probably resulted in the deterioration of the biological properties of soil under native Cerrado sensu stricto in the Sete Cidades National Park.
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