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Liphaus BL, Silva SC, Palmeira P, Silva CA, Goldenstein-Schainberg C, Carneiro-Sampaio M. Reduced expressions of apoptosis-related proteins TRAIL, Bcl-2, and TNFR1 in NK cells of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients: relations with disease activity, nephritis, and neuropsychiatric involvement. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327255. [PMID: 38562920 PMCID: PMC10982494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lupus pathogenesis is mainly ascribed to increased production and/or impaired clearance of dead cell debris. Although self-reactive T and B lymphocytes are critically linked to lupus development, neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells have also been implicated. This study assessed apoptosis-related protein expressions in NK cells of patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) and relations to disease activity parameters, nephritis, and neuropsychiatric involvement. Methods Thirty-six patients with jSLE, 13 juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) inflammatory controls, and nine healthy controls had Fas, FasL, TRAIL, TNFR1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bim, and caspase-3 expressions in NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+) simultaneously determined by flow cytometry. Disease activity parameters included Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level, anti-double strain DNA antibody level, complement fractions C3 and C4 levels. Results Patients with jSLE had a profile of significantly reduced expression of TRAIL, Bcl-2, and TNFR1 proteins in NK cells when compared to healthy controls. Similar profile was observed in patients with jSLE with active disease, positive anti-dsDNA, nephritis, and without neuropsychiatric involvement. Patients with jSLE with positive anti-dsDNA also had reduced expression of Bax in NK cells when compared healthy controls and to those with negative anti-dsDNA. Yet, patients with jSLE with negative anti-dsDNA had reduced mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Bim in NK cells compared to healthy controls. Patients with jSLE with nephritis also had reduced MFI of Fas in NK cells when compared to those without nephritis. In addition, in patients with jSLE, the proportion of FasL-expressing NK cells directly correlated with the SLEDAI-2K score (rs = 0.6, p = 0.002) and inversely correlated with the C3 levels (rs = -0.5, p = 0.007). Moreover, patients with jSLE had increased NK cell percentage and caspase-3 protein expression in NK cells when compared to JDM controls. Conclusion This study extends to NK cells an altered profile of TRAIL, Bcl-2, TNFR1, Fas, FasL, Bax, Bim, and caspase-3 proteins in patients with jSLE, particularly in those with active disease, positive anti-dsDNA, nephritis, and without neuropsychiatric involvement. This change in apoptosis-related protein expressions may contribute to the defective functions of NK cells and, consequently, to lupus development. The full clarification of the role of NK cells in jSLE pathogenesis may pave the way for new therapies like those of NK cell-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadete L. Liphaus
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone C. Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis A. Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jak Inhibitors for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Lessons from Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080936. [PMID: 36015084 PMCID: PMC9413112 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus represent two distinct autoimmune diseases belonging to the group of connective tissue disorders. Despite the great progress in the basic science, this progress has not been translated to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that can radically change the face of these diseases. The discovery of JAK kinases, which are tyrosine kinases coupled with cytokine receptors, may open a new chapter in the treatment of so far untreatable diseases. Small synthetic compounds that can block Janus kinases and interact directly with cytokine signalling may provide therapeutic potential in these diseases. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Jak kinases in light of the cytokine network that JAK kinases are able to interact with. We also provide the theoretical background for the rationale of blocking cytokines with specific JAK inhibitors.
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Bolouri N, Akhtari M, Farhadi E, Mansouri R, Faezi ST, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:537-554. [PMID: 35298669 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the most common form of lupus, is a multisystemic rheumatic disease with different clinical features that generally affect women of childbearing age. The common symptoms of SLE are very similar to other autoimmune and non-autoimmune disorders, thereby it is known as a thousand faces disease. In this article, we are going to discuss some of the most updated information about immune system-related factors, cells, and cytokines involved in SLE pathogenesis. METHODS Different electronic databases, especially PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched to review and analyze relevant literature on the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of SLE. A search for relevant literature was accomplished using various keywords including systemic lupus erythematosus, apoptosis, autoantibodies, immunopathogenesis of SLE, adaptive and innate immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, hormones, etc. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The most important characteristic of SLE is the production of antibodies against different nuclear autoantigens like double-strand DNA and RNA. The depositions of the immune complexes (ICs) that are generated between autoantibodies and autoantigens, along with aberrant clearance of them, can lead to permanent inflammation and contribute to tissue or organ damage. Related mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of SLE have not been clarified yet. Although, defects in immune tolerance, enhanced antigenic load, hyperactivity of T cells, and inappropriate regulation of B cells contribute to the pathogenic autoantibodies generation. Besides, sex hormones that influence the immune system seem to act as triggers or protectors of SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bolouri
- Immunology Department, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Immunology Department, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tahereh Faezi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghabeshi S, Najafi A, Zamani B, Soltani M, Arero AG, Izadi S, Piroozmand A. Evaluation of molecular apoptosis signaling pathways and its correlation with EBV viral load in SLE patients using systems biology approach. Hum Antibodies 2021; 30:37-46. [PMID: 34864653 DOI: 10.3233/hab-211505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable evidence supports that SLE could be related to apoptotic cells and EBV infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the transcriptional signature of EBV infection in SLE patients for survey of the molecular apoptosis signaling pathways. METHODS The PBMCs gene expression profiles of healthy control and SLE patients were obtained from GEO. Functional annotation and signaling pathway enrichment were carried out using DAVID, KEGG. To validate bioinformatics analysis the changes in genes expression of some of obtained genes, Real time PCR was performed on PBMCs from 28 SLE patients and 18 controls. RESULTS We found that mean viral load was 6013 ± 390.1 copy/μg DNA from PBMCs in all patients. QRT-PCR results showed that the expression of the DUSP1 and LAMP3 genes which had most changes in the logFC among 4 candidate genes, increased significantly in comparison with control. The consistent expression of LMP2 as viral latency gene involve in apoptosis signaling pathways was detected in SLE patients with EBV viral load and some controls. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that some cellular genes may have an important role in pathogenesis of SLE through apoptosis signaling pathways. Beside, EBV infection as an environmental risk factor for SLE may affect the dysfunction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Ghabeshi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batol Zamani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amanuel Godana Arero
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Izadi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Piroozmand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Wang W, Wang X, Yang K, Fan Y. Association of BCL2 polymorphisms and the IL19 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2243188 with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211019187. [PMID: 34044633 PMCID: PMC8165844 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211019187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Abnormal B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and interleukin-19 (IL-19) expression is
closely related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. We aimed
to determine whether BCL2 polymorphisms and a single
nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL19 are significantly
associated with SLE susceptibility and if this is affected by synergism
between IL19 and BCL2 genotypes. Methods This observational cohort study randomly enrolled 150 patients with SLE and
150 healthy controls. Major BCL2 and IL19
allele and genotype distributions were examined in the two groups. The
IL19 SNP rs2243188 was determined using the TaqMan-MGB
probe method. The synergistic effect between BCL2 and
IL19 and clinical symptoms of SLE was also
analyzed. Results The distribution of major BCL2 genotypes and common
BCL2 alleles, especially for genotypes 191, 193, and
197, differed significantly between patients and controls. A significant
difference in the dominant genetic model was also observed between groups,
but not in the recessive model. The risk of disease in individuals who
carried both 195-bp BCL2 and 138-bp IL19
susceptibility alleles was higher than in those carrying either allele
alone. Conclusions This preliminary study suggested that BCL2 polymorphisms and
the IL19 SNP rs2243188 are closely related to the
pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kepeng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Vincent FB, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Koelmeyer R, Harris J, Hoi AY, Mackay F, Morand EF. Associations of serum soluble Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) with outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 7:7/1/e000375. [PMID: 32546562 PMCID: PMC7299016 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2019-000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) signalling have pivotal roles in SLE pathogenesis. We investigated the clinical associations of serum concentrations of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble FasL (sFasL) in SLE and their relationship with BAFF. Methods Serum sFas and sFasL were quantified by multiplex assay, and BAFF by ELISA, in 118 patients with SLE and 17 healthy controls (HC). SLE disease activity and organ damage were assessed using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index. Results sFas, sFasL and BAFF were detectable in all samples. Serum sFas and sFasL were significantly higher in SLE compared with HC. In univariable regression analyses, patients with active renal disease and those with flare had significantly higher levels of sFas compared with those without. High serum BAFF in patients with SLE was associated with increased sFas but not sFasL. The association between sFas and renal disease remained significant after adjusting for BAFF, but the association with flare attenuated. High sFas levels were associated with increased time-adjusted mean SLEDAI-2K, even after adjusting for BAFF, and with higher odds of flare over time. In contrast, high sFasL was associated with reduced organ damage over time. Serum sFasL/sFas ratio was negatively associated with active overall disease, flare and organ damage. Conclusions Serum sFas is associated with active renal SLE, and active disease and flare over time, while sFasL/sFas ratio is negatively associated with disease activity and organ damage accrual. Treatments correcting abnormal levels of sFas/FasL may be worthy of evaluation in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B Vincent
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Koelmeyer
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberta Y Hoi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Dumestre-Pérard C, Thielens NM. Anti-Ficolin-2 and Anti-Ficolin-3 Autoantibody Detection by ELISA. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2227:121-132. [PMID: 33847937 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1016-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ficolins are recognition proteins of the lectin pathway of the complement system and also play an important role in innate immunity and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They deserve special attention in the context of autoimmunity since they are involved in the uptake of dying cells. Because the monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is particularly difficult, it is crucial to find new relevant serum biomarkers. The ability to detect autoantibodies in the patients' sera provides a diagnostic and prognostic advantage. We describe in this chapter quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect the presence of autoantibodies targeting ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in human sera. Recombinant ficolins produced in a mammalian expression system are used as coating antigens. The described in-house ELISAs provide a valuable tool to efficiently quantify anti-ficolin autoantibodies in the sera of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- BNI TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Increased sMer, but not sAxl, sTyro3, and Gas6 relate with active disease in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:509-514. [PMID: 31655933 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptors and ligands mediate apoptotic bodies engulfment which alteration has been related with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) pathogenesis. Thus, the aim was to determine their soluble levels. METHODS Serum sTyro3, sAxl, sMer, and Gas6 levels were measured using ELISA in 67 JSLE patients, 12 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) inflammatory and 20 healthy controls and related with SLEDAI-2K score, anti-dsDNA antibody, ESR, CRP, C3, C4 levels, and nephritis. RESULTS JSLE patients with active disease (SLEDAI-2K> 4) had significantly increased sMer levels compared with healthy controls (median 8.4 vs. 6.0 ng/mL, p = 0.009) and inactive disease patients (5.2 ng/mL, p = 0.0003). sMer levels correlated with SLEDAI-2K (r = 0.44; p = 0.0004) and ESR (r = 0.24; p = 0.04), while sAxl correlated with SLEDAI-2K (r = 0.33; p = 0.008) and C4 levels (r = - 0.24; p = 0.04). JSLE patients taking glucocorticoid had increased sAxl and sMer levels. Moreover, sAxl correlated with sMer and sTyro3 levels. Patients with nephritis and those with focal or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis had these protein levels similar to healthy controls and patients without renal involvement. sTyro3 levels of JSLE patients taking glucocorticoid were decreased, and correlated with Gas6 and sAxl, while Gas6 levels correlated with age upon enrollment. JIA controls had protein levels similar to healthy controls and JSLE patients. CONCLUSIONS This study reinforces that sMer is increased in active JSLE patients, yet sMer and sAxl correlates with disease activity parameters, and their alterations are disease-specific. However, further studies are needed to determine exact roles of sTyro3 and Gas6 in disease pathogenesis. Key Points • sMer and sAxl serum levels are related with active disease in JSLE patients • sMer correlated with SLEDAI-2K score in JSLE • sTyro3, sAxl, sMer and Gas6 levels did not related with nephritis in JSLE patients • sTyro3 and Gas6 exact roles in JSLE are not established and further studies are needed.
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Exposure-Response Analyses of the Effects of Venetoclax, a Selective BCL-2 Inhibitor, on B-Lymphocyte and Total Lymphocyte Counts in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 59:335-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Liphaus BL, Sallum AEM, Aikawa NE, Kiss MHB, Carrasco S, Palmeira P, Lima L, Silva CA, Goldenstein-Schainberg C, Carneiro-Sampaio M. Increased Soluble Cytoplasmic Bcl-2 Protein Serum Levels and Expression and Decreased Fas Expression in Lymphocytes and Monocytes in Juvenile Dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:1577-1580. [PMID: 30068766 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.171248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate soluble Fas antigen (sFas), sFas ligand (sFasL), soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and soluble cytoplasmic Bcl-2 protein (sBcl-2) serum levels, Fas and Bcl-2 expressions in T and B lymphocytes and monocytes and relations with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale, and manual muscle testing in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). METHODS Serum levels were determined by ELISA and peripheral cell expressions by flow cytometry for patients with JDM or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with JDM had increased sBcl-2, which correlated with CRP. Expression of Bcl-2 was increased and expression of Fas was decreased in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes compared with JIA and/or healthy controls. CONCLUSION Patients with JDM presented a unique apoptosis-related proteins profile, which may contribute to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadete L Liphaus
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo.
| | - Adriana E M Sallum
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Nadia E Aikawa
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Maria Helena B Kiss
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Solange Carrasco
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Patricia Palmeira
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Laila Lima
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Clovis A Silva
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Claudia Goldenstein-Schainberg
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- From the Laboratory of Medical Investigation, and Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,B.L. Liphaus, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; A.E. Sallum, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; N.E. Aikawa, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M.H. Kiss, MD, PhD, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; S. Carrasco, MS, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; P. Palmeira, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; L. Lima, BsC, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C.A. Silva, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, and Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; C. Goldenstein-Schainberg, MD, PhD, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; M. Carneiro-Sampaio, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
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Increased glomerular Bax/Bcl2 ratio is positively correlated with glomerular sclerosis in lupus nephritis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018; 25:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wigren M, Svenungsson E, Mattisson IY, Gustafsson JT, Gunnarsson I, Zickert A, Elvin K, Jensen-Urstad K, Bengtsson A, Gullstrand B, Fredrikson GN, Nilsson J. Cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased levels of biomarkers reflecting receptor-activated apoptosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 270:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Lu P, Fleischmann R, Curtis C, Ignatenko S, Clarke SH, Desai M, Wong SL, Grebe KM, Black K, Zeng J, Stolzenbach J, Medema JK. Safety and pharmacodynamics of venetoclax (ABT-199) in a randomized single and multiple ascending dose study in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2017; 27:290-302. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317719334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Lu
- AbbVie Inc., Worcester, USA
| | - R Fleischmann
- Metroplex Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - C Curtis
- Compass Research Center, Orlando, USA
| | - S Ignatenko
- Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M Desai
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, USA
| | - S L Wong
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | | | | | - J Zeng
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, USA
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Increased serum sFas, sTRAIL, and reduced sFasL in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2847-2852. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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IL-1 β and IL-6 Are Highly Expressed in RF+IgE+ Systemic Lupus Erythematous Subtype. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5096741. [PMID: 28286780 PMCID: PMC5329689 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5096741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with great heterogeneity in pathogenesis and clinical symptoms. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is one key indicator for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with type I hypersensitivity. To better categorize SLE subtypes, we determined the dominant cytokines based on familial SLE patients. Methods. RF, IgE, and multiple cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1β) were measured in sera of familial SLE patients (n = 3), noninherited SLE patients (n = 108), and healthy controls (n = 80). Results. Three familial SLE patients and 5 noninherited SLE cases are with features of RF+IgE+. These RF+IgE+ SLE patients expressed significantly higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 than the other SLE patients (P < 0.05). IL-6 correlated with both IgE and IL-1β levels in RF+IgE+ SLE patients (r2 = 0.583, P = 0.027; r2 = 0.847, P = 0.001), and IgE also correlated with IL-1β (r2 = 0.567, P = 0.031). Conclusion. Both IL-1β and IL-6 are highly expressed cytokines in RF+IgE+ SLE subtype which may be related to the pathogenesis of this special SLE subtype and provide accurate treatment strategy by neutralizing IL-1β and IL-6.
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Wu ZZ, Zhang JJ, Gao CC, Zhao M, Liu SY, Gao GM, Zheng ZH. Expression of autophagy related genes mTOR, Becline-1, LC3 and p62 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of systemic lupus erythematosus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 6:1-8. [PMID: 28123902 PMCID: PMC5259582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine the expression of mTOR, Becline-1, LC3 and p62 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and assess their relationship with disease activity and immunologic features. The expression of mTOR, Becline-1, LC3 and p62 was detected by RT-PCR in 81 SLE subjects and 86 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Data regarding demographics and clinical parameters were collected. Disease activity of SLE was evaluated according to the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the expression of mTOR, Becline-1, LC3, and p62 in the two groups. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation was performed to analyze their relationship with disease activity and immunologic features. The mean levels of Becline-1, LC3 and p62 mRNA were significantly higher in SLE patients than the controls (9.96×10-4 vs 7.38×10-4 for Becline-1 with P<0.001; 4.04×10-5 vs 2.62×10-5 for LC3 with P<0.001; 9.51×10-4 vs 7.59×10-4 for p62 with P=0.008). However, the levels of mTOR mRNA in SLE patients were not significantly different from that in controls. Correlation analysis showed that Becline-1, LC3 and p62 mRNA levels correlated positively with SLEDAI, IgG and ds-DNA, negatively with C3. Our results suggested that autophagosomes formation were activated and their degradation were blocked in SLE. Moreover, the maintenance of autophagy balance can improve disease activity and immune disorders in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Rheumatology No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Rheumatology No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Rheumatology No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Rheumatology No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yun Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Rheumatology No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Min Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Rheumatology No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Rheumatology No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Glesse N, Vianna P, Paim LMG, Matte MCC, Aguiar AKK, Palhano PL, Monticielo OA, Brenol CV, Xavier RM, Chies JAB. Evaluation of polymorphic variants in apoptotic genes and their role in susceptibility and clinical progression to systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2016; 26:746-755. [PMID: 27909160 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316678671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease marked by the disruption of the immune homeostasis. Patients exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations, and environmental and genetic factors are involved in SLE pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that abnormalities in the cellular and molecular events that coordinate apoptosis may favour the generation of autoantigens involved in autoimmunity. In this way, the apoptotic deregulation may be affected by polymorphic variants in apoptotic-related genes. Methods We analyzed FAS, FASL, BCL-2 and BAX polymorphisms in order to correlate to SLE susceptibility and clinical features. A total of 427 SLE patients from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and 543 controls from southern Brazil were evaluated. Results We observed higher frequencies of the FASL -844CC genotype and -844C allele, as well as of the FASL-844C/IVS2nt-124A haplotype in African-derived SLE patients when compared to controls ( P < 0.001). FASL -844C, which is related to high FasL expression, could contribute to increased apoptosis and to the breakdown of immunological tolerance, favouring autoantibody production and inflammation. On the other hand, the BAX -248GA genotype and the -248A allele , related to low protein expression, were observed as a protective factor against SLE in this same population. The rate of apoptosis and cell death was evaluated in peripheral lymphocytes, and SLE patients presented a higher percentage of dead lymphocytes (CD3+Annexin V+ 7-AAD+) compared to the control group. Conclusion Our data support a role for apoptosis in SLE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Glesse
- 1 Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P Vianna
- 1 Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L M G Paim
- 1 Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M C C Matte
- 1 Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A K K Aguiar
- 1 Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P L Palhano
- 1 Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - O A Monticielo
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C V Brenol
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R M Xavier
- 2 Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J A B Chies
- 1 Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Plawecki M, Lheritier E, Clavarino G, Jourde-Chiche N, Ouili S, Paul S, Gout E, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Bardin N, Boëlle PY, Chiche L, Bouillet L, Thielens NM, Cesbron JY, Dumestre-Pérard C. Association between the Presence of Autoantibodies Targeting Ficolin-3 and Active Nephritis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160879. [PMID: 27631981 PMCID: PMC5025237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of multiple autoantibodies. Antibodies against Ficolin-3 were previously identified in the sera of some SLE patients, but their prevalence and significance have not been yet investigated. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of anti-ficolin-3 antibodies among SLE patients and to investigate their potential as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in SLE. In this retrospective study, sera from SLE patients (n = 165) were selected from a preexisting declared biological collection. Samples from healthy controls (n = 48) were matched with SLE sera. Disease activity was determined according to the SLEDAI score. Anti-ficolin-3, anti-dsDNA and anti-C1q antibodies levels were measured in sera by ELISA. First, a highly significant difference was found in the anti-ficolin-3 levels between SLE patients and healthy subjects. Anti-ficolin-3 antibodies were detected as positive in 56 of 165 (34%) SLE patients. The titer of anti-ficolin-3 antibodies was correlated with the SLEDAI score (r = 0.38, p<0.0001). The presence of anti-ficolin-3 antibodies was associated with anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Regarding associations with clinical manifestations, the presence of active lupus nephritis was significantly associated with the presence of anti-ficolin-3 antibodies (p≤0.001). This association with renal involvement was higher with anti-ficolin-3 or anti-C1q antibodies than with other auto-antibodies. Interestingly, the combination of anti-ficolin-3 and anti-C1q antibodies demonstrated higher specificity than any other serological biomarker. These results suggest that anti-ficolin-3 antibodies could be useful for the diagnosis of active nephritis in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Plawecki
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elise Lheritier
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanna Clavarino
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- BNI team, TIMC-IMAG UMR5525 Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- UMR_S 1076, Vascular Research Center of Marseille, Faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, CHU de la Conception, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Saber Ouili
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, GIMAPEA3064, CIC1488 Vaccinology INSERM, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Evelyne Gout
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Françoise Sarrot-Reynauld
- Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Interne, pôle pluridisciplinaire de Médecine et de Gérontologie Clinique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- UMR_S 1076, Vascular Research Center of Marseille, Faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre -Yves Boëlle
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Interne, pôle pluridisciplinaire de Médecine et de Gérontologie Clinique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicole M. Thielens
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Yves Cesbron
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- BNI team, TIMC-IMAG UMR5525 Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- BNI team, TIMC-IMAG UMR5525 Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- * E-mail:
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Sankari SL, Babu NA, Rajesh E, Kasthuri M. Apoptosis in immune-mediated diseases. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S200-2. [PMID: 26015710 PMCID: PMC4439670 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a significant role in both the physiological and pathological process. A dysfunctional apoptotic system can lead to either excessive removal or prolonged survival of cells. Therefore, dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of immunological diseases. The present review aims to provide an overview regarding role of apoptosis in immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leena Sankari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Aravindha Babu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Rajesh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kasthuri
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liphaus BL, Umetsu N, Jesus AA, Bando SY, Silva CA, Carneiro-Sampaio M. Molecular characterization of the complement C1q, C2 and C4 genes in Brazilian patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:220-7. [PMID: 26017655 PMCID: PMC4449463 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(03)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a molecular characterization of the C1q, C2 and C4 genes in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS Patient 1 (P1) had undetectable C1q, patient 2 (P2) and patient 3 (P3) had decreased C2 and patient 4 (P4) had decreased C4 levels. All exons and non-coding regions of the C1q and C2 genes were sequenced. Mononuclear cells were cultured and stimulated with interferon gamma to evaluate C1q, C2 and C4 mRNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS C1q sequencing revealed heterozygous silent mutations in the A (c.276 A>G Gly) and C (c.126 C>T Pro) chains, as well as a homozygous single-base change in the 3' non-coding region of the B chain (c*78 A>G). C1qA mRNA expression without interferon was decreased compared with that of healthy controls (p<0.05) and was decreased after stimulation compared with that of non-treated cells. C1qB mRNA expression was decreased compared with that of controls and did not change with stimulation. C1qC mRNA expression was increased compared with that of controls and was even higher after stimulation. P2 and P3 had Type I C2 deficiency (heterozygous 28 bp deletion at exon 6). The C2 mRNA expression in P3 was 23 times lower compared with that of controls and did not change after stimulation. The C4B mRNA expression of P4 was decreased compared with that of controls and increased after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Silent mutations and single-base changes in the 3' non-coding regions may modify mRNA transcription and C1q production. Type I C2 deficiency should be evaluated in JSLE patients with decreased C2 serum levels. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of decreased C4B mRNA expression in JSLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadete L Liphaus
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 36, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Umetsu
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 36, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana A Jesus
- Unidade de Reumatologia, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Y Bando
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 36, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Unidade de Reumatologia, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 36, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Investigation of the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in mononuclear cells of patients with systemic Lupus erythematosus. J Transl Med 2014; 12:303. [PMID: 25370148 PMCID: PMC4226892 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the role of apoptosis initiators, caspase-9, caspase-10, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein (MAVS), and interferon regulatory factor 7 (pIRF7), in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Leukocyte apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, including annexin V, APO2.7, and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) on each subtype of leukocyte in 35 patients with SLE, 15 disease controls, and 17 volunteer normal controls. Levels of caspase-9, caspase-10, MAVS, and pIRF7 in mononuclear cells and the disease activity index (SLEDAI) in the SLE patients were determined. Correlation among intracellular adaptor proteins and caspase levels were calculated. Results The SLE patients had higher APO2.7 in total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocytes, and higher late apoptosis markers in total leukocytes and neutrophils than normal controls (all p < 0.05). Disease activity was positively associated with the APO2.7 of CD19+ cells in SLE, but negatively associated with MAVS and caspase-9 levels (all p < 0.05). Markers of viral infection and anti-virus transcription factors like MDA5, MAVS, and pIRF7 were significantly higher in SLE patients than in disease controls (p < 0.05). Caspase-9 and caspase-10 levels positively correlated with MAVS and pIRF7 in SLE patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions The disease activity of SLE is positively associated with APO2.7 level of CD19+ cells but negatively associated with MAVS and caspase-9 levels, which all point to a mitochondrial pathway.
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Association of FAS and FAS ligand genes polymorphism and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:176741. [PMID: 24348139 PMCID: PMC3848338 DOI: 10.1155/2013/176741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FAS/FASL pathway plays a critical role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance; therefore, the apoptosis genes, Fas and Fas ligand (FasL), could be suitable candidate genes in human SLE susceptibility. Materials and Methods. In this case-control study, 106 SLE patients and 149 sex, age, and ethnicity matched healthy controls were genotyped for the Fas A-670G and FasLC-844T polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). Results. The frequency of -670AA genotype was significantly higher in SLE patients than control group and the risk of SLE was 2.1-fold greater in subjects with AA genotype (P = 0.03). The frequency of -670A allele was significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls too (58% versus 49%, P = 0.03). The -844CC genotype frequency was significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls and the risk of SLE was 2.8-fold greater in these subjects (P = 0.01). The C allele frequency was significantly higher in patients than in controls (69% versus 49%, P = 0.001). Increased SLE risk was observed in individuals with combined effect of Fas-670AA and FasL-844CC genotypes (P = 0.001). Conclusion. Fas-670AA and FasL-844CC genotypes were associated with SLE risk, and combined effect of -670AA and -844CC genotypes might increase SLE susceptibility.
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Liphaus BL, Jesus AA, Silva CA, Coutinho A, Carneiro-Sampaio M. Increased IgE serum levels are unrelated to allergic and parasitic diseases in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67. [PMID: 23184203 PMCID: PMC3488985 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(11)09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the IgE serum levels in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients and to evaluate possible associations with clinical and laboratory features, disease activity and tissue damage. METHODS The IgE serum concentrations in 69 consecutive juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients were determined by nephelometry. IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations were measured by immunoturbidimetry. All patients were negative for intestinal parasites. Statistical analysis methods included the Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, as well as the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Increased IgE concentrations above 100 IU/mL were observed in 31/69 (45%) juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The mean IgE concentration was 442.0 ± 163.4 IU/ml (range 3.5-9936.0 IU/ml). Fifteen of the 69 patients had atopic disease, nine patients had severe sepsis and 56 patients presented with nephritis. The mean IgE level in 54 juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients without atopic manifestations was 271.6 ± 699.5 IU/ml, and only nine of the 31 (29%) patients with high IgE levels had atopic disease. The IgE levels did not statistically differ with respect to the presence of atopic disease, severe sepsis, nephritis, disease activity, or tissue damage. Interestingly, IgE concentrations were inversely correlated with C4 levels (r = -0.25, p = 0.03) and with the SLICC/ACR-DI score (r = -0.34, p = 0.005). The IgE concentration was also found to be directly correlated with IgA levels (r = 0.52, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated for the first time that juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients have increased IgE serum levels. This increase in IgE levels was not related to allergic or parasitic diseases. Our results are in line with the hypothesis that high IgE levels can be considered a marker of immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadete L Liphaus
- Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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Xiang N, Li XM, Wang GS, Tao JH, Li XP. Association of Fas gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:407-15. [PMID: 23065220 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Fas gene polymorphisms -670A/G (rs1800682) and -1377G/A (rs2234767) have been shown to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but findings are not consistent. To clarify this point, a meta-analysis was performed. We searched PubMed, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang database. Meta-odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were used to combine the data by fixed/random effects models based on heterogeneity test. The statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software. A total of seven studies involving 759 cases and 820 controls were considered in this study and ethnicity-specific meta-analysis was performed on Caucasian and Asian population. In overall population, meta-analysis revealed a trend toward to an association between SLE and Fas -670 A allele (OR = 1.310, 95 %CI = 1.028 ~ 1.670, P = 0.029). Similar results were detected in recessive model (OR = 1.626, 95 %CI = 1.104 ~ 2.395, P = 0.014) and in homozygous genotypic contrast (OR = 1.728, 95 %CI = 1.049 ~ 2.848, P = 0.032). Stratification by ethnicity indicated a significant association between SLE and the Fas -670A/G polymorphism in Asian population when allelic contrast (OR = 1.331, 95 %CI = 1.066 ~ 1.662, P = 0.011), homozygous genotypic contrast (OR = 1.848, 95 %CI = 1.164 ~ 2.932, P = 0.009) and dominant model were performed (OR = 1.542, 95 %CI = 1.045 ~ 2.275, P = 0.029). Meta-analysis of the Fas -1377G/A polymorphism indicated a significant association between SLE and the G allele in overall population (OR = 1.277, 95 %CI = 1.004 ~ 1.624, P = 0.046). The results from this meta-analysis provide evidence for the association between the Fas -670A/G and -1377G/A polymorphism and the risk of SLE. However, further studies are needed to draw a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, China
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Catalá-Rabasa A, Ndagire D, Sabio JM, Fedetz M, Matesanz F, Alcina A. High ACSL5 transcript levels associate with systemic lupus erythematosus and apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphocytes and peripheral blood cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28591. [PMID: 22163040 PMCID: PMC3232234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease in which increased apoptosis and decreased apoptotic cells removal has been described as most relevant in the pathogenesis. Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSLs) have been involved in the immunological dysfunction of mouse models of lupus-like autoimmunity and apoptosis in different in vitro cell systems. The aim of this work was to assess among the ACSL isoforms the involvement of ACSL2, ACSL4 and ACSL5 in SLE pathogenesis. FINDINGS With this end, we determined the ACSL2, ACSL4 and ACSL5 transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 45 SLE patients and 49 healthy controls by quantitative real time-PCR (q-PCR). We found that patients with SLE had higher ACSL5 transcript levels than healthy controls [median (range), healthy controls = 16.5 (12.3-18.0) vs. SLE = 26.5 (17.8-41.7), P = 3.9×10 E-5] but no differences were found for ACSL2 and ACSL4. In in vitro experiments, ACSL5 mRNA expression was greatly increased when inducing apoptosis in Jurkat T cells and PBMCs by Phorbol-Myristate-Acetate plus Ionomycin (PMA+Io). On the other hand, short interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of ACSL5 decreased induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells up to the control levels as well as decreased mRNA expression of FAS, FASLG and TNF. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ACSL5 may play a role in the apoptosis that takes place in SLE. Our results point to ACSL5 as a potential novel functional marker of pathogenesis and a possible therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Catalá-Rabasa
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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