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Bolais PF, Galal L, Cronemberger C, Pereira FDA, Barbosa ADS, Dib LV, Amendoeira MRR, Dardé ML, Mercier A. Toxoplasma gondii in the faeces of wild felids from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210302. [PMID: 35766781 PMCID: PMC9241165 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is a apicomplexan parasite of virtually all warm-blooded species. All true cats (Felidae) can act as definitive hosts for this parasite by shedding resistant oocysts into the environment. However, the patterns of oocysts shedding are only partially understood in domestic cats and largely unknown in wild felids. OBJECTIVES We carried out molecular analysis of 82 faecal samples from wild felids collected in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (Parnaso), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS We screened samples for T. gondii DNA using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the 529bp DNA fragment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. RESULTS Only one faecal sample from a Puma yagouaroundi was PCR-positive [cycle threshold (Ct) = 26.88]. This sample was contaminated by a T. gondii strain of BrIII lineage, a common lineage in domestic animals from Brazil. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This first report of T. gondii in faeces of wild South American felids in their natural environment indicates infrequent oocyst shedding and suggests a role of acquired immunity in limiting re-excretion as in domestic cats. The presence of a domestic strain of T. gondii in a faecal sample from a wild felid at very low concentrations (not detected by microscopy) is consistent with the hypothesis of host-parasite co-adaptations limiting the circulation of T. gondii strains between domestic and wild environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula F Bolais
- University of Limoges, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Lokman Galal
- University of Limoges, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Cecília Cronemberger
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabiane de Aguiar Pereira
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e Outras Protozooses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laís Verdan Dib
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e Outras Protozooses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e Outras Protozooses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marie-Laure Dardé
- University of Limoges, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France.,Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren, Centre National de Référence, Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Centre, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélien Mercier
- University of Limoges, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France.,Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren, Centre National de Référence, Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Centre, Limoges, France
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Silva Barbosa AD. Face to face: Balantioides coli: A forgotten parasite. Trop Parasitol 2021; 11:64-67. [PMID: 34195066 PMCID: PMC8213121 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alynne Da Silva Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and other Protozoa, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Silva ACDS, Paschoal ATP, Bernardes JC, Matos AMRND, Balbino LS, Santomauro RA, Viana JGN, Caldart ET, Lacerda LH, Oliveira CD, Chryssafidis AL, Garcia JL, Navarro IT, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Pinto-Ferreira F. Parasites in road-killed wild felines from North of Paraná state, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e016320. [PMID: 33605387 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120201090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the intestinal parasites of road-killed wild felines in the North Central and North, Paraná state, southern Brazil. The animals were monitored by sampling previously established transects. The places where the felines were run over were mapped, the animals were identified, and the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated. The feces were submitted to coproparasitological techniques of spontaneous sedimentation, floating in hypersaturated NaCl solution and centrifugal floating in zinc sulfate. All the parasitic structures detected were photomicrographed. In the coproparasitological analyses were identified oocysts of Cystoisospora spp., eggs of Ancylostomatidae, and Capillaria spp.; eggs of Aelurostrongylus spp., Toxocara spp., Physaloptera spp., Taenia spp., and Spirometra spp.; Aelurostrongylus abstrusus larvae; and eggs and adults of Ancylostoma cati and Taenia spp. One of the cats was parasitized by a flea of Ctenocephalides felis felis. Based on these results, the animals analyzed in this study supplied important samples for the evaluation of parasitic diversity of North of Paraná and suggested that this region may have conditions that allow the maintenance of these parasites life cycles in the environment and among wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clécia Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Aline Ticiani Pereira Paschoal
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Juliana Correa Bernardes
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Letícia Santos Balbino
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Rafael Alves Santomauro
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - João Gabriel Neves Viana
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Eloiza Teles Caldart
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Luan Henrique Lacerda
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Camila de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Andreas Lazaros Chryssafidis
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Regina Mitsuka-Breganó
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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Dib LV, Palmer JPS, de Souza Carvalho Class C, Pinheiro JL, Ramos RCF, Dos Santos CR, Fonseca ABM, Rodríguez-Castro KG, Gonçalves CF, Galetti PM, Bastos OMP, Uchôa CMA, Corrêa LL, Bastos ACMP, Amendoeira MRR, da Silva Barbosa A. Non-invasive sampling in Itatiaia National Park, Brazil: wild mammal parasite detection. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:295. [PMID: 32807197 PMCID: PMC7430008 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive sampling through faecal collection is one of the most cost-effective alternatives for monitoring of free-living wild mammals, as it provides information on animal taxonomy as well as the dynamics of the gastrointestinal parasites that potentially infect these animals. In this context, this study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites using non-invasive faecal samples from carnivores and artiodactyls identified by stool macroscopy, guard hair morphology and DNA sequencing in Itatiaia National Park. Between 2017 and 2018, faeces from carnivores and artiodactyls were collected along trails in the park. The host species were identified through macroscopic and trichological examinations and molecular biology. To investigate the parasites, the Faust, Lutz and modified Ritchie and Sheather techniques and enzyme immunoassays to detect Cryptosporidium sp. antigens were used. Results A total of 244 stool samples were collected. The species identified were Chrysocyon brachyurus, Leopardus guttulus, Canis familiaris, Cerdocyon thous, Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis, Puma concolor and Sus scrofa. There were 81.1% samples that were positive for parasites distributed mainly in the high part of the park. Helminths, especially eggs of the family Ascarididae, were more frequently detected in carnivore faeces (70.9%). Protozoa, especially Cryptosporidium sp., represented the highest frequency of infection in artiodactyl faeces (87.1%). This zoonotic protozoon was detected in eight mammalian species, including in a wild boar. High values of structural richness and Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were observed for the parasites, especially in the faeces of C. brachyurus. Significant differences in parasite diversity were observed between wild and domestic animals, such as C. brachyurus and C. familiaris, respectively, and between taxonomically distant species, such as C. brachyurus and S. scrofa. The highest values for parasite similarity were found among the species that frequented similar areas of the park, such as C. brachyurus and L. guttulus. Conclusions The animals and parasite infections were identified through the combination of three techniques. High frequency parasite structures were diagnosed. Zoonotic protozoa were found and mainly occurred in samples from introduced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Verdan Dib
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Siqueira Palmer
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Camila de Souza Carvalho Class
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lima Pinheiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Raissa Cristina Ferreira Ramos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Claudijane Ramos Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Monteiro Fonseca
- Statistics Laboratory, Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis s/n, bloco G, Gragoatá campus, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Karen Gisele Rodríguez-Castro
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Laboratory of Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila Francisco Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Laboratory of Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Galetti
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Laboratory of Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Laís Lisboa Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cezar Machado Pereira Bastos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoan Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenue Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoan Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenue Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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Dazzi CC, Santos AD, Machado TP, Ataíde MWD, Rodriguez R, Pereira AM, García PS, Motta ACD. First case report of nematode parasitic myelopathy in a wild feline in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e014619. [PMID: 32049140 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic myelopathy caused by Gurltia paralysans in domestic cats is a disease commonly reported in several South American countries. The adult parasite is lodged in the meningeal veins and spinal cord, often causing clinical manifestations of vascular proliferation, thrombophlebitis, and medullary compression. Wild felines are believed to be the definitive hosts of this parasite. The infection occurs through the ingestion of paratenic hosts, but the life cycle of G. paralysans is not yet clearly understood. In this paper, we discuss a case of parasitic myelopathy in a margay (Leopardus wiedii) that died during post-surgical care. Necropsy revealed focal hemorrhages in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. A microscopic examination revealed adult nematodes and eggs inside the veins of subarachnoid space in spinal cord, suggesting G. paralysans infection. This is first description of parasitic myelopathy in a margay in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Cerutti Dazzi
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação - PPGBIOEX, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária - FAMV, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Alex Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Área de Concentração em Patologia e Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais - CCR, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Tanise Policarpo Machado
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação - PPGBIOEX, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária - FAMV, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Michelli Westphal de Ataíde
- Clínica e Cirurgia de Animais Silvestres, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária - FAMV, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Rubens Rodriguez
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina - FM, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.,Instituto de Patologia de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Ananda Müller Pereira
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Paulina Sepúlveda García
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Adriana Costa da Motta
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação - PPGBIOEX, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária - FAMV, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
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Comparison of Four Parasitological Techniques for Laboratory Diagnosis of Eggs from Spirometra spp. in Wild Mammal Fecal Samples. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:942-949. [PMID: 31520294 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the performance of four different microscopic coproparasitological techniques in relation to egg recovering and the frequency of alterations in the eggs observed through each technique. METHODS A total of 213 fecal samples from free-living carnivorous mammals were collected between 2017 and 2018 in Itatiaia National Park, RJ, Brazil. Faust and modified Sheather floatation techniques as well as Lutz and modified Ritchie sedimentation techniques were applied. RESULTS The total positivity rate for Spirometra spp. eggs was 24.4%, and these were detected mainly through Lutz and modified Ritchie sedimentation techniques, with substantial agreement (kappa = 0.73; p = 0.00 < 0.05; McNemar p value = 1.0; Fisher's exact test p = 0.616). Faust and modified Sheather flotation techniques did not present good egg recovery, with frequencies of 6.6% and 7.5%, respectively. Eggs with morphological alterations were mostly observed through Faust (17.3%) and modified Sheather (13.5%). Both flotation techniques presented statistically significant frequencies of deformed eggs, in comparison with the sedimentation techniques (p = 0.00). Low frequencies of deformed eggs were observed when the samples were analyzed through modified Ritchie and Lutz sedimentation techniques. CONCLUSIONS From these results, sedimentation techniques such as modified Ritchie and Lutz methods were more efficient for diagnosing the eggs of this helminth in fecal material from free-living carnivores and should always be used when analyzing fecal samples from hosts of different species.
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