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Associations of clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic characteristics with nicotine dependence in smokers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18544. [PMID: 34535702 PMCID: PMC8448893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor of mortality and morbidity from various cancerous, respiratory, and myocardial diseases. Nicotine dependence is assessed based on the degree of physical dependence. We aimed to determine the clinical, socioeconomic and psychological factors associated with the smoking status and degree of nicotine dependence of smokers. From April 2009 to September 2010, we retrospectively collected data from 17,577 subjects aged ≥ 18 years who had undergone a general health examination at a health promotion center. The instruments used included the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Of the current smokers (N = 3946), 2345 (59%), 1154 (29%), and 447 (12%) had low, moderate, and high nicotine dependence, respectively. In multiple logistic analysis, predictors of high nicotine dependence were male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.705, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.997–6.945), older age (≥ 65 years) (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.004–1.029), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.018–1.078), diabetes (OR 1.870, 95% CI 1.251–2.794), single marital status (OR 1.575, 95% CI 1.186–2.092), lower education level (OR 1.887, 95% CI 1.463–2.433), and a higher stress level (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.997–6.945). Thus, clinical, psychological, socioeconomic status including male, older age, higher BMI, diabetes, single marital status, lower education, and higher stress should be taken into consideration by promoting smoking cessation.
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Monteiro Mantovani V, Rodríguez Acelas AL, Klockner Boaz S, Cañon-Montañez W, Lucena ADF, Echer IC. Evaluation of Patients in a Smoking Cessation Support Group Using the Nursing Outcomes Classification. Int J Nurs Knowl 2018; 30:125-130. [PMID: 29847016 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate patients in a smoking cessation support group using the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). METHODS Prospective observational cohort study conducted with 21 patients participating in a smoking cessation support group. Data were collected using an instrument consisting of 2 NOC outcomes and 20 indicators, applied during each of the six support group meetings. FINDINGS The two NOC outcomes, Smoking Cessation Behavior (1625) and Substance Withdrawal Severity (2108), showed statistically significant differences over time in many of their indicators. CONCLUSIONS The NOC outcomes demonstrated the clinical evolution and behavioral improvement of patients during the smoking cessation process. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The findings highlight important elements of the evaluation of behavioral change and severity of withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Monteiro Mantovani
- School of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Nurse at the Hospital São Lucas, Member of the Nursing Research Group on the Care of Adults and the Elderly (GEPECADI-CNPq), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Amália de Fátima Lucena
- School of Nursing, UFRGS, Coordinator of the Committee of Nursing Process, HCPA, Researcher at the GEPECADI-CNPq, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Almeida-Brasil CC, Silveira MR, Silva KR, Lima MG, Faria CDCDM, Cardoso CL, Menzel HJK, Ceccato MDGB. Quality of life and associated characteristics: application of WHOQOL-BREF in the context of Primary Health Care. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 22:1705-1716. [PMID: 28538939 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017225.20362015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the characteristics associated to quality of life (QOL) in users of four Basic Health Units (Unidades Básicas de Saúde, UBS) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 930 adult users enrolled in the selected UBS, using a questionnaire containing the WHOQOL-bref instrument and questions about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health conditions. Following descriptive analysis, we performed simple and multiple linear regression to evaluate the association between the exposure variables and the QOL domains. The highest mean values of QOL were observed in the social relationships domain. The lowest means were observed in the environment domain, with a statistically significant difference between some of the UBS. The worst perceptions of QOL were related to worse health, housing, education and income conditions, as well as problems in social relationships and psychological conditions. Actions are needed to improve QOL in Primary Health Care users through actions promoted by both health professionals and public managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celline Cardoso Almeida-Brasil
- Departamento de Farmácia Social. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av Antônio Carlos 6627/1027, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Micheline Rosa Silveira
- Departamento de Farmácia Social. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av Antônio Carlos 6627/1027, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Kátia Rodrigues Silva
- Departamento de Farmácia Social. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av Antônio Carlos 6627/1027, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Marina Guimarães Lima
- Departamento de Farmácia Social. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av Antônio Carlos 6627/1027, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Karl Menzel
- Departamento de Esportes, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, UFMG. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Maria das Graças Braga Ceccato
- Departamento de Farmácia Social. Faculdade de Farmácia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av Antônio Carlos 6627/1027, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
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Casado L, Thuler LCS. Real world evaluation of the smoking cessation services in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil. J Eval Clin Pract 2017; 23:773-778. [PMID: 28220577 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been a growing recommendation for process evaluation of the smoking cessation programmes in the world. This study sought to evaluate smoking cessation services, with special attention to the degree to which public health care facilities adhere to governmental standards of practice. METHODS A cross-sectional study examined smoking cessation services by using a key-informant approach. All the services that delivered smoking cessation treatment in 2013 at the National Health System of the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil, were included in the study. The treatment consists of group sessions and pharmacotherapy. Compliance with the standards of inputs, activities, and short-term outcomes was analysed. A descriptive analysis was performed using means and standard deviations for the continuous variables and absolute and relative frequencies for the categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 177 services performing smoking cessation treatment in 2013, a total of 81.9% answered the questionnaire. More than 90% of the services met the infrastructure standards. Behavioural approach and pharmacotherapy were available in more than 99% of the services. Of a total of 11 287 patients aged 18 years or older who registered for treatment, 77.6% received tobacco cessation interventions during the first group session. Among those who had access to treatment, 52.8% were not smoking at the fourth group session. CONCLUSION Even though more than 20% of the patients did not attend the first group session, the access to treatment was high, and it was observed that the success rate of those who attended the fourth group session was more than 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Casado
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Fernandes TMDP, Almeida NLD, Santos NAD. Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1690. [PMID: 28490803 PMCID: PMC5431787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture, involving health-damaging components such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, pyridine, toluene and nicotine. While cognitive functions have been well documented in heavy smokers, spatial vision has been less characterized. In the article, we investigated smoking effects through contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a rigorous procedure that measures the spatial vision. Data were recorded from 48 participants, a group of non-smokers (n = 16), a group of chronic and heavy cigarette smokers (n = 16) and deprived smokers (n = 16); age range 20-45 years. Sinewave gratings with spatial frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 20 cycles per degree were used. All subjects were free from any neurological disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. Contrary to expectations, performance on CSF differed between groups. Both smokers and deprived smokers presented a loss of contrast sensitivity compared to non-smokers. Post-hoc analyses suggest that deprived smokers were less sensitive at all spatial frequencies. These results suggest that not only chronic exposure to cigarette compounds but also withdrawal from nicotine affected spatial vision. This highlights the importance of understanding diffuse effects of smoking compounds on visual spatial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Monteiro de Paiva Fernandes
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | | | - Natanael Antonio Dos Santos
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Perception, Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Fernandes TMDP, Almeida NL, Dos Santos NA. Comparison of color discrimination in chronic heavy smokers and healthy subjects. F1000Res 2017; 6:85. [PMID: 28928940 PMCID: PMC5580434 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10714.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoke is probably the most significant source of exposure to toxic chemicals for humans, involving health-damaging components, such as nicotine, hydrogen cyanide and formaldehyde. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of chronic heavy smoking on color discrimination (CD). Methods: All subjects were free of any neuropsychiatric disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. We assessed color vision for healthy heavy smokers ( n = 15; age range, 20-45 years), deprived smokers ( n = 15, age range 20-45 years) and healthy non-smokers ( n = 15; age range, 20-45 years), using the psychophysical forced-choice method. All groups were matched for gender and education level. In this test, the volunteers had to choose the pseudoisochromatic stimulus containing a test frequency at four directions (e.g., up, down, right and left) in the subtest of Cambridge Colour Test (CCT): Trivector. Results: Performance on CCT differed between groups, and the observed pattern was that smokers had lower discrimination compared to non-smokers. In addition, deprived smokers presented lower discrimination to smokers and non-smokers. Contrary to expectation, the largest differences were observed for medium and long wavelengths. Conclusions: These results suggests that cigarette smoking, chronic exposure to its compounds, and withdrawal from nicotine affect color discrimination. This highlights the importance of understanding the diverse effects of nicotine on attentional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natanael Antonio Dos Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Perception, Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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Moreira-Santos TM, Godoy I, de Godoy I. Psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Bras Pneumol 2016; 42:61-7. [PMID: 26982043 PMCID: PMC4805389 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562016000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all causes of preventable deaths, smoking is responsible for the greatest number of deaths worldwide and predisposes to fatal, noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of patients with smoking-related diseases and assist in the prevention of premature mortality. Our objective was to investigate the available scientific evidence regarding the psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction. To that end, we conducted an integrative review of the literature in order to summarize relevant studies on this topic. The selected databases were Scopus, PubMed Central, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science (Core Collection), ScienceDirect, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS e PsycINFO. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted for this study, 14 articles were selected for analysis. Those studies showed that the prevalence of psychological distress is higher among smokers than among nonsmokers, and distress-related symptoms are much more common in smokers with acute myocardial infarction than in those without. Smoking cessation depends on the active participation of the smoker, whose major motivation is the underlying disease. Most studies have shown that there is a need to create treatment subgroups as a means of improving the treatment provided. This review article expands the knowledge regarding smoking cessation and shows the need to invest in future research that investigates subgroups of smokers diagnosed with the major smoking-related comorbidities, such as acute myocardial infarction, in order to develop specific interventions and psychological support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Godoy
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Ilda de Godoy
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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