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Alotaibi RN, Howe BJ, Moreno Uribe LM, Ramirez CV, Restrepo C, Deleyiannis FW, Padilla C, Orioli IM, Buxó CJ, Hecht JT, Wehby GL, Neiswanger K, Murray JC, Shaffer JR, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML. Multivariate GWAS of Structural Dental Anomalies and Dental Caries in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:771116. [PMID: 36267138 PMCID: PMC9581442 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.771116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis is a complex process, where disruption can result in dental anomalies and/or increase the risk of developing dental caries. Based on previous studies, certain dental anomalies tend to co-occur in patients, suggesting that these traits may share common genetic and etiological components. The main goal of this study was to implement a multivariate genome-wide association study approach to identify genetic variants shared between correlated structural dental anomalies and dental caries. Our cohort (N = 3,579) was derived from the Pittsburgh Orofacial Clefts Study, where multiple dental traits were assessed in both the unaffected relatives of orofacial cleft (OFC) cases (n = 2,187) and unaffected controls (n = 1,392). We identified four multivariate patterns of correlated traits in this data: tooth agenesis, impaction, and rotation (AIR); enamel hypoplasia, displacement, and rotation (HDR); displacement, rotation, and mamelon (DRM); and dental caries, tooth agenesis and enamel hypoplasia (CAH). We analyzed each of these four models using genome-wide multivariate tests of association. No genome-wide statistically significant results were found, but we identified multiple suggestive association signals (P < 10-5) near genes with known biological roles during tooth development, including ADAMTS9 and PRICKLE2 associated with AIR; GLIS3, WDR72, and ROR2 associated with HDR and DRM; ROBO2 associated with DRM; BMP7 associated with HDR; and ROBO1, SMAD2, and MSX2 associated with CAH. This is the first study to investigate genetic associations for multivariate patterns of correlated dental anomalies and dental caries. Further studies are needed to replicate these results in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N. Alotaibi
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J. Howe
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The Iowa Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila
| | - Ieda M. Orioli
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen J. Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffery C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tan ELY, Kuek MC, Wong HC, Ong SAK, Yow M. Secondary Dentition Characteristics in Children With Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 55:582-589. [DOI: 10.1177/1055665617750489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Children with cleft lip and palate are reported to be commonly associated with higher prevalence of dental anomalies such as hypodontia, supernumeraries, and abnormalities in tooth size, shape, and position. This study investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in a longitudinal cohort of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: The study was a retrospective analysis of radiographs, study models, and treatment notes. Patients: Sixty patients with repaired UCLP aged 13 years old with complete dental records dating from 5 years of age were included. Methods: Study casts, dental panoramic, anterior maxillary occlusal, and periapical radiographs of the patients were examined for cleft-sidedness, congenitally missing permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, microdontic, and macrodontic teeth in the anterior maxillary region, presence of malformed permanent cleft-sided lateral incisor and its morphology (peg-shaped, conical shaped, canine-formed), positions of the permanent lateral incisors relative to the cleft side and presence of rotated cleft-sided central incisors. Results: Of the 60 patients studied, 63.3% had hypodontia, 21.7% had supernumerary teeth, 69.6% had microdontia, and 12.5% had macrodontia. All of the cleft-sided permanent lateral incisors had associated anomalies, with a large proportion (43.1%) missing; and when present in 31 subjects, the majority (90.3%) was positioned distal to the cleft. Most of the cleft-sided permanent central incisors were rotated if present, and prevalent at 86.7%. Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental anomalies was observed in this sample of children with UCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meaw Charm Kuek
- Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre, Singapore
| | - Hung Chew Wong
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mimi Yow
- Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre, Singapore
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Howe BJ, Cooper ME, Vieira AR, Weinberg SM, Resick JM, Nidey NL, Wehby GL, Marazita ML, Moreno Uribe LM. Spectrum of Dental Phenotypes in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefting. J Dent Res 2015; 94:905-12. [PMID: 26082386 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515588281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with oral clefts show a wide range of dental anomalies, adding complexity to understanding the phenotypic spectrum of orofacial clefting. The evidence is mixed, however, on whether the prevalence of dental anomalies is elevated in unaffected relatives and is mostly based on small samples. In the largest international cohort to date of children with nonsyndromic clefts, their relatives, and controls, this study characterizes the spectrum of cleft-related dental anomalies and evaluates whether families with clefting have a significantly higher risk for such anomalies compared with the general population. A total of 3,811 individuals were included: 660 cases with clefts, 1,922 unaffected relatives, and 1,229 controls. Dental anomalies were identified from in-person dental exams or intraoral photographs, and case-control differences were tested using χ(2) statistics. Cases had higher rates of dental anomalies in the maxillary arch than did controls for primary (21% vs. 4%, P = 3 × 10(-8)) and permanent dentitions (51% vs. 8%, P = 4 × 10(-62)) but not in the mandible. Dental anomalies were more prevalent in cleft lip with cleft palate than other cleft types. More anomalies were seen in the ipsilateral side of the cleft. Agenesis and tooth displacements were the most common dental anomalies found in case probands for primary and permanent dentitions. Compared with controls, unaffected siblings (10% vs. 2%, P = 0.003) and parents (13% vs. 7%, P = 0.001) showed a trend for increased anomalies of the maxillary permanent dentition. Yet, these differences were nonsignificant after multiple-testing correction, suggesting genetic heterogeneity in some families carrying susceptibility to both overt clefts and dental anomalies. Collectively, the findings suggest that most affected families do not have higher genetic risk for dental anomalies than the general population and that the higher prevalence of anomalies in cases is primarily a physical consequence of the cleft and surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Howe
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M E Cooper
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A R Vieira
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J M Resick
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N L Nidey
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - G L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Kim EK, Khang SK, Lee TJ, Kim TG. Clinical Features of the Microform Cleft Lip and the Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2010; 47:297-302. [DOI: 10.1597/08-270.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To clarify the clinical features of the microform cleft lip and to establish the ultrastructural characteristics of the orbicularis muscle. Design Clinical observations of the characteristic deformities and associated anomalies were made. Muscle biopsies were harvested for histologic and ultrastructural analyses. Patients Seventy-one consecutive patients with microform cleft lip were included in the study. Muscle biopsies were investigated in 11 patients among them. Results Nasal deformity, a ridge or a groove from the vermilion to the nostril sill, and interruption of the “white roll” were present in all patients. Lack of a philtral column and a free border notch was observed in over 97% of patients. The orbicularis muscle demonstrated hypoplastic myofibers with nonneurogenic atrophy and focal accumulation of subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Conclusion The typical gross morphology of the microform cleft lip is a surface manifestation of muscular defect, and the disruption of the muscle further extends down to the ultrastructural level. The clinical features, taken together with the ultrastructural defects of the musculature, might help with a more precise delineation of the microform cleft lip, and provide better understanding of cleft lip in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Key Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Kwang Khang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taik Jong Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Gon Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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Mossey PA, Batra P, McIntyre GT. The Parental Dentocraniofacial Phenotype—An Orofacial Clefting Microform. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2010; 47:22-34. [DOI: 10.1597/08-158.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Using the systematic review method, (1) to identify the investigations of the parental dentocraniofacial phenotype in orofacial clefting, (2) synthesize the data to derive a model of the phenotypic features that will assist in the identification of cleft morphogenes, and (3) make recommendations for the future global strategy for researching the parental craniofacial phenotype in orofacial clefting. Search Strategy The Cochrane, Medline (via PubMed and OVID platforms [1966 to December 2006]), Embase, CINAHL, and ASKSAM Orthodontic Reference Database (1950–1997) databases were searched using a combination of the following keywords: microform, parent, craniofacial, dental, and cleft. All published articles were reviewed. There were no exclusions of non-English reports. Of the 36 studies identified using this strategy, 26 met the inclusion criteria. Data Abstraction/Synthesis The statistically significant data were abstracted using a pro forma, and the methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using a checklist. There was considerable heterogeneity among the studies, and therefore it was not possible to synthesize the data. We were, however, able to collate the data. Results/Conclusions (1) The craniofacial phenotype possessed by parents of children with orofacial clefting is distinctive when compared with that of the noncleft population. (2) There is insufficient evidence to produce a model of the phenotypic features to assist in the search for orofacial clefting morphogenes. (3) The pattern of expression of the phenotypic features identified to date supports the contention that there are differences in the inheritance of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate. Progress in this field is affected by extreme heterogeneity in etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, as well as heterogeneity in study design. (4) Subphenotyping using features such as microforms should be employed to reduce the heterogeneity and to improve the power of future genetic investigations and will also assist in clinical management and genetic counseling for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Mossey
- Department of Dental Health, University of Dundee Dental School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Puneet Batra
- Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Kadrabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grant T. McIntyre
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee Dental School, Dundee, Scotland
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Weinberg SM, Neiswanger K, Martin RA, Mooney MP, Kane AA, Wenger SL, Losee J, Deleyiannis F, Ma L, De Salamanca JE, Czeizel AE, Marazita ML. The Pittsburgh Oral-Facial Cleft study: expanding the cleft phenotype. Background and justification. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2006; 43:7-20. [PMID: 16405378 DOI: 10.1597/04-122r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pittsburgh Oral-Facial Cleft study was begun in 1993 with the primary goal of identifying genes involved in nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in a variety of populations worldwide. Based on the results from a number of pilot studies and preliminary genetic analyses, a new research focus was added to the Pittsburgh Oral-Facial Cleft study in 1999: to elucidate the role that associated phenotypic features play in the familial transmission patterns of orofacial clefts in order to expand the definition of the nonsyndromic cleft phenotype. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of phenotypic features associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. These features include fluctuating and directional asymmetry, non-right-handedness, dermatoglyphic patterns, craniofacial morphology, orbicularis oris muscle defects, dental anomalies, structural brain and vertebral anomalies, minor physical anomalies, and velopharyngeal incompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Anthropology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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Haria S, Noar JH, Sanders R. An investigation of the dentition of parents of children with cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2000; 37:395-405. [PMID: 10912719 DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569_2000_037_0395_aiotdo_2.3.co_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to identify whether any dental features in parents of children with cleft lip and palate can be useful as predictors of clefting. METHODS The dentition of 28 pairs of parents of children with complete unilateral (17) and bilateral (11) cleft lip and palate and 21 pairs of parents of noncleft children were evaluated. Clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out to identify abnormalities of tooth number and morphology. Study cast assessment was undertaken to evaluate incisor relationship, overjet, overbite, intercanine widths, and mesiodistal widths of individual teeth, and these data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of abnormalities of tooth number in parents of cleft children was similar to those reported elsewhere for general populations. In parents of children with unilateral clefts, there was no tooth-size asymmetry between teeth on the side corresponding to the child's cleft and noncleft sides, respectively. No differences were found in tooth widths and intercanine widths between parents of children with unilateral clefts and parents of children with bilateral clefts. The incisor relationship, overjet, overbite, and intercanine widths were found not to differ statistically between the parents of cleft children and parents of noncleft children. CONCLUSIONS No predictors of clefting could be identified in the dentition of parents of children with cleft lip and palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haria
- Mount Vernon and the Eastman Dental Hospital, London, England
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