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Liu Q, Zhang Y. Biological Clock Perspective in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02120-4. [PMID: 39126449 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic polyarticular pain, and its main pathological features include inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial fibroblast proliferation, and cartilage erosion. Immune cells, synovial cells and neuroendocrine factors play pivotal roles in the pathophysiological mechanism underlying rheumatoid arthritis. Biological clock genes regulate immune cell functions, which is linked to rhythmic changes in arthritis pathology. Additionally, the interaction between biological clock genes and neuroendocrine factors is also involved in rhythmic changes in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an overview of the contributions of circadian rhythm genes to RA pathology, including their interaction with the immune system and their involvement in regulating the secretion and function of neuroendocrine factors. A molecular understanding of the role of the circadian rhythm in RA may offer insights for effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Liu
- Gengjiu Clinical College of Anhui Medical University; Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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2
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Alqaderi H, Abdullah A, Finkelman M, Abufarha M, Devarajan S, Abubaker J, Ramesh N, Tavares M, Al-Mulla F, Bin-Hasan S. The relationship between sleep and salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1175483. [PMID: 37305117 PMCID: PMC10250646 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1175483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Poor sleep behavior can trigger an inflammatory response and contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases. Cytokines can act as indicators of inflammation and may precede the onset of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between sleep timing parameters (bedtime, sleep duration, sleep debt, and social jetlag) and the levels of nine serum and salivary inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Methods Data were collected from 352 adolescents aged 16-19 years enrolled in Kuwait's public high schools. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, leptin, and insulin were measured from saliva and serum samples. We conducted mixed-effect multiple linear regression modeling to account for the school variable as a random effect to assess the relationship between the sleep variables and salivary and serum biomarkers. Mediation analysis was conducted to check if BMI was a mediator between bedtime and the biomarkers. Results There was a statistically significant elevation in serum IL-6 level associated with later bedtime (0.05 pg./mL, p = 0.01). Adolescents with severe sleep debt of ≥2 h had an increase in salivary IL-6 biomarker levels (0.38 pg./mL, p = 0.01) compared to those who had sleep debt of <1 h. Adolescents with sleep debt of ≥2 h had significantly higher levels of serum CRP (0.61 μg/mL, p = 0.02) than those without sleep debt. Additionally, we found that the inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, and MCP-1) and metabolic biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, and insulin) had more statistically significant associations with the bedtime variables than with sleep duration variables. CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 were associated with sleep debt, and IL-6, VEGF, adiponectin, and leptin levels were associated with social jetlag. BMIz was a full mediator in the relationship between late bedtime and increased serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and insulin. Conclusion Adolescents who go to bed at or later than midnight had dysregulated levels of salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that disrupted circadian rhythm can trigger higher levels of systemic inflammation and potentially exacerbate chronic inflammation and the risk of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alqaderi
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abeer Abdullah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Finkelman
- Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nikitha Ramesh
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Tavares
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Rochette E, Saidi O, Merlin É, Duché P. Physical activity as a promising alternative for young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Towards an evidence-based prescription. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119930. [PMID: 36860845 PMCID: PMC9969142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in young people. Although biologics now enable most children and adolescents with JIA to enjoy clinical remission, patients present lower physical activity and spend more time in sedentary behavior than their healthy counterparts. This impairment probably results from a physical deconditioning spiral initiated by joint pain, sustained by apprehension on the part of both the child and the child's parents, and entrenched by lowered physical capacities. This in turn may exacerbate disease activity and lead to unfavorable health outcomes including increased risks of metabolic and mental comorbidities. Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in the health benefits of increased overall physical activity as well as exercise interventions in young people with JIA. However, we are still far from evidence-based physical activity and / or exercise prescription for this population. In this review, we give an overview of the available data supporting physical activity and / or exercise as a behavioral, non-pharmacological alternative to attenuate inflammation while also improving metabolism, disease symptoms, poor sleep, synchronization of circadian rhythms, mental health, and quality of life in JIA. Finally, we discuss clinical implications, identify gaps in knowledge, and outline a future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rochette
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
| | - Oussama Saidi
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
| | - Étienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
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4
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Sun Z, Li L, Yan Z, Zhang L, Zang G, Qian Y, Wang Z. Circadian rhythm disorders elevate macrophages cytokines release and promote multiple tissues/organs dysfunction in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113772. [PMID: 35247442 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm disorders are severe threats to human health. The negative impact of circadian rhythm disorders on tissues/organs has not been systematically analyzed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate the damage caused by circadian rhythm disorders and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS Six-week-old male mice were divided into the control (Con) group (normal circadian rhythm), L24 group (constant light), D12L12 group (weekly shift light/dark cycle), and D24 group (constant dark). Body weight was recorded every 10 days. Ninety days after model construction, the serum lipid and cytokine level, liver function, fat accumulation, carotid artery stenosis, and cardiomyopathological changes were detected in mice. Macrophages in the liver, subscapular fat, and heart tissues were labeled with immunofluorescence staining. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were then isolated. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in the macrophage supernatant. The ability of macrophages to form foam cells was also tested. The supernatant from macrophages in different groups was added to AML12 (hepatocytes), 3T3-L1 (preadipocytes), or HL-1 (cardiomyocytes). Effects of conditioned media on recipient cells were determined. RESULTS Body weight, serum lipids and cytokines, subscapular fat accumulation, liver enzymes, carotid artery stenosis, and myocardial fibrosis levels of the L24, D12L12, and D24 groups mice were significantly higher than those in the Con group. Macrophages were significantly increased in the liver, heart, and subscapular fat of mice with circadian rhythmdisorders. Cytokine secretion by peritoneal macrophages was enhanced in the L24, D12L12, and D24 groups. Under oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) stimulation, macrophages with circadian rhythm disorders are more likely to form foam cells. Conditioned media from the L24, D12L12, and D24 groups significantly promoted AML12 apoptosis and lipid intake, accelerated the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1, and up-regulated collagen I in HL-1. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that macrophages are increased in the tissues/organs under circadian rhythm disorders, and these macrophages could aggravate obesity, promote liver disease, accelerate atherosclerosis, and increase myocardial fibrosis through the paracrine effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhixin Yan
- Department of Burn Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongjiang Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Ebersole JL, Gonzalez OA. Mucosal circadian rhythm pathway genes altered by aging and periodontitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275199. [PMID: 36472983 PMCID: PMC9725147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As circadian processes can impact the immune system and are affected by infections and inflammation, this study examined the expression of circadian rhythm genes in periodontitis. METHODS Macaca mulatta were used with naturally-occurring and ligature-induced periodontitis. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from healthy, diseased, and resolved sites in four groups: young (≤3 years), adolescent (3-7 years), adult (12-26) and aged (18-23 years). Microarrays targeted circadian rhythm (n = 42), inflammation/tissue destruction (n = 11), bone biology (n = 8) and hypoxia pathway (n = 7) genes. RESULTS The expression of many circadian rhythm genes, across functional components of the pathway, was decreased in healthy tissues from younger and aged animals, as well as showing significant decreases with periodontitis. Negative correlations of the circadian rhythm gene levels with inflammatory mediators and tissue destructive/remodeling genes were particularly accentuated in disease. A dominance of positive correlations with hypoxia genes was observed, except HIF1A, that was uniformly negatively correlated in health, disease and resolution. CONCLUSIONS The chronic inflammation of periodontitis exhibits an alteration of the circadian rhythm pathway, predominantly via decreased gene expression. Thus, variation in disease expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease may be altered due to changes in regulation of the circadian rhythm pathway functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Nevada, Nevada Las Vegas
- * E-mail:
| | - Octavio A. Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Chronobiology and Chronotherapy in Inflammatory Joint Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111832. [PMID: 34834246 PMCID: PMC8621834 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm perturbations can impact the evolution of different conditions, including autoimmune diseases. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of circadian biology in inflammatory joint diseases and discusses the potential application of chronotherapy. Proinflammatory cytokines are key players in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), regulating cell survival/apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation. The production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines show a dependence on the human day–night cycle, resulting in changing cytokine plasma levels over 24 h. Moreover, beyond the circadian rhythm of cytokine secretion, disturbances in timekeeping mechanisms have been proposed in RA. Taking into consideration chronotherapy concepts, modified-release (MR) prednisone tablets have been introduced to counteract the negative effects of night-time peaks of proinflammatory cytokines. Low-dose MR prednisone seems to be able to improve the course of RA, reduce morning stiffness and morning serum levels of IL-6, and induce significant clinical benefits. Additionally, methotrexate (MTX) chronotherapy has been reported to be associated with a significant improvement in RA activity score. Similar effects have been described for polymyalgia rheumatica and gout, although the available literature is still limited. Growing knowledge of chronobiology applied to inflammatory joint diseases could stimulate the development of new drug strategies to treat patients in accordance with biological rhythms and minimize side effects.
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Xiang K, Xu Z, Hu YQ, He YS, Wu GC, Li TY, Wang XR, Ding LH, Zhang Q, Tao SS, Ye DQ, Pan HF, Wang DG. Circadian clock genes as promising therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102866. [PMID: 34118460 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a natural, endogenous process whose physiological functions are controlled by a set of clock genes. Disturbance of the clock genes have detrimental effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, which significantly enhance pro-inflammatory responses and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases via strictly controlling the individual cellular components of the immune system that initiate and perpetuate the inflammation pathways. Autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), often exhibit substantial circadian oscillations, and circadian rhythm is involved in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases. Mounting evidence indicate that the synthetic ligands of circadian clock genes have the property of reducing the susceptibility and clinical severity of subjects. This review supplies an overview of the roles of circadian clock genes in the pathology of autoimmune diseases, including BMAL1, CLOCK, PER, CRY, REV-ERBα, and ROR. Furthermore, summarized some circadian clock genes as candidate genes for autoimmune diseases and current advancement on therapy of autoimmune diseases with synthetic ligands of circadian clock genes. The existing body of knowledge demonstrates that circadian clock genes are inextricably linked to autoimmune diseases. Future research should pay attention to improve the quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases and reduce the effects of drug preparation on the normal circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu-Qian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Cui Wu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian-Yu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Hong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sha-Sha Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Pereira SR, Tello Velasquez J, Duggan S, Ivanisevic B, McKenna JP, McCreary C, Downer EJ. Recent advances in the understanding of the aetiology and therapeutic strategies in burning mouth syndrome: Focus on the actions of cannabinoids. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 55:1032-1050. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia R. Pereira
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Johana Tello Velasquez
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Sarah Duggan
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Bojana Ivanisevic
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Joseph P. McKenna
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Christine McCreary
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Eric J. Downer
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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Kanakoglou DS, Michalettou TD, Vasileiou C, Gioukakis E, Maneta D, Kyriakidis KV, Georgakilas AG, Michalopoulos I. Effects of High-Dose Ionizing Radiation in Human Gene Expression: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1938. [PMID: 32178397 PMCID: PMC7139561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high-dose Ionizing Radiation (IR) is currently one of the most common modalities in treatment of many types of cancer. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of high-dose ionizing radiation on healthy human tissue, utilizing quantitative analysis of gene expression. To this end, publicly available transcriptomics datasets from human samples irradiated with a high dose of radiation and non-irradiated (control) ones were selected, and gene expression was determined using RNA-Seq data analysis. Raw data from these studies were subjected to quality control and trimming. Mapping of RNA-Seq reads was performed by the partial selective alignment method, and differential gene expression analysis was conducted. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed to select differentially expressed genes across datasets. Based on the differentially expressed genes discovered by meta-analysis, we constructed a protein-to-protein interaction network, and we identified biological pathways and processes related to high-dose IR effects. Our findings suggest that cell cycle arrest is activated, supported by our top down-regulated genes associated with cell cycle activation. DNA repair genes are down-regulated in their majority. However, several genes implicated in the nucleotide excision repair pathway are upregulated. Nevertheless, apoptotic mechanisms seem to be activated probably due to severe high-dose-induced complex DNA damage. The significant upregulation of CDKN1A, as a downstream gene of TP53, further validates programmed cell death. Finally, down-regulation of TIMELESS, signifies a correlation between IR response and circadian rhythm. Nonetheless, high-dose IR exposure effects regarding normal tissue (radiation toxicity) and its possible long-term outcomes should be studied to a greater extend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios S. Kanakoglou
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (T.-D.M.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (K.V.K.)
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 01 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora-Dafni Michalettou
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (T.-D.M.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (K.V.K.)
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 01 Athens, Greece
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christina Vasileiou
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (T.-D.M.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (K.V.K.)
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Gioukakis
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (T.-D.M.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (K.V.K.)
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dorothea Maneta
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (T.-D.M.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (K.V.K.)
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos V. Kyriakidis
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (T.-D.M.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (K.V.K.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Michalopoulos
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (T.-D.M.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (K.V.K.)
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Kenig A, Ilan Y. A Personalized Signature and Chronotherapy-Based Platform for Improving the Efficacy of Sepsis Treatment. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1542. [PMID: 31920730 PMCID: PMC6930923 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major therapeutic challenge and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is a dynamic condition in which multiple parameters change over time, rendering it difficult to overcome the various injurious responses, which worsen the prognosis in these patients. The prognosis of sepsis is associated with a disbalance of compensatory responses to infectious triggers, part of which can be deleterious. Marked inter- and intra-patient variability characterizes the mechanisms that underlie sepsis progression and determine the response to therapy. In this paper, we review some of the data on the use of chronopharmacological approaches for the treatment of patients with sepsis and discuss the role of the autonomic nervous system in the mechanisms associated with immune response and chronotherapy in these patients. We describe the implementation of an individualized platform that is based on the personalized autonomic nervous system, immune, and chronobiology-derived parameters for generating a patient-tailored therapeutic regimen. The notion of overcoming the deleterious compensatory response in a highly dynamic system in sepsis is presented to ensure an improved response to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Kenig
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zaaqoq AM, Namas RA, Abdul-Malak O, Almahmoud K, Barclay D, Yin J, Zamora R, Rosengart MR, Billiar TR, Vodovotz Y. Diurnal Variation in Systemic Acute Inflammation and Clinical Outcomes Following Severe Blunt Trauma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2699. [PMID: 31824494 PMCID: PMC6879654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that the time of day is a determinant of the immunological response to both injury and infection. We hypothesized that due to this diurnal variation, time of injury could affect the systemic inflammatory response and outcomes post-trauma and tested this hypothesis by examining the dynamics of circulating inflammatory mediators in blunt trauma patients injured during daytime vs. nighttime. From a cohort of 472 blunt trauma survivors, two stringently matched sub-cohorts of moderately/severely injured patients [injury severity score (ISS) >20] were identified. Fifteen propensity-matched, daytime-inured (“mDay”) patients (age 43.6 ± 5.2, M/F 11/4, ISS 22.9 ± 0.7) presented during the shortest local annual period (8:00 am−5:00 pm), and 15 propensity-matched “mNight” patients (age 43 ± 4.3, M/F 11/4, ISS 24.5 ± 2.5) presented during the shortest night period (10:00 pm−5:00 am). Serial blood samples were obtained (3 samples within the first 24 h and daily from days 1–7) from all patients. Thirty-two plasma inflammatory mediators were assayed. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups. Dynamic Network Analysis (DyNA) and Dynamic Bayesian Network (DyBN) inference were utilized to infer dynamic interrelationships among inflammatory mediators. Both total hospital and intensive care unit length of stay were significantly prolonged in the mNight group. Circulating IL-17A was elevated significantly in the mNight group from 24 h to 7 days post-injury. Circulating MIP-1α, IL-7, IL-15, GM-CSF, and sST2 were elevated in the mDay group. DyNA demonstrated elevated network complexity in the mNight vs. the mDay group. DyBN suggested that cortisol and sST2 were central nodes upstream of TGF-β1, chemokines, and Th17/protective mediators in both groups, with IL-6 being an additional downstream node in the mNight group only. Our results suggest that time of injury affects clinical outcomes in severely injured patients in a manner associated with an altered systemic inflammation program, possibly implying a role for diurnal or circadian variation in the response to traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram M Zaaqoq
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rami A Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Othman Abdul-Malak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Khalid Almahmoud
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Derek Barclay
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jinling Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew R Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Souza RT, Cecatti JG, Mayrink J, Galvão RB, Costa ML, Feitosa F, Rocha Filho E, Leite DF, Vettorazzi J, Tedesco RP, Santana DS, Souza JP. Identification of earlier predictors of pregnancy complications through wearable technologies in a Brazilian multicentre cohort: Maternal Actigraphy Exploratory Study I (MAES-I) study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023101. [PMID: 31005906 PMCID: PMC6500316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive tools capable of identifying predictors of maternal complications would be a step forward for improving maternal and perinatal health. There is an association between modification in physical activity (PA) and sleep-wake patterns and the occurrence of inflammatory, metabolic, pathological conditions related to chronic diseases. The actigraphy device is validated to estimate PA and sleep-wake patterns among pregnant women. In order to extend the window of opportunity to prevent, diagnose and treat specific maternal conditions, would it be possible to use actigraphy data to identify risk factors for the development of adverse maternal outcomes during pregnancy? METHODS AND ANALYSIS A cohort will be held in five centres from the Brazilian Network for Studies on Reproductive and Perinatal Health. Maternal Actigraphy Exploratory Study I (MAES-I) will enrol 400 low-risk nulliparous women who will wear the actigraphy device on their wrists day and night (24 hours/day) uninterruptedly from 19 to 21 weeks until childbirth. Changes in PA and sleep-wake patterns will be analysed throughout pregnancy, considering ranges in gestational age in women with and without maternal complications such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth (spontaneous or provider-initiated), gestational diabetes, maternal haemorrhage during pregnancy, in addition to perinatal outcomes. The plan is to design a predictive model using actigraphy data for screening pregnant women at risk of developing specific adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION MAES-I has been reviewed and approved by each institutional review board and also by the National Council for Ethics in Research. Detailed information about the study is provided in the Brazilian Cohort website (www.medscinet.com/samba) and findings will be published in the scientific literature and institutional webpages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato T Souza
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Mayrink
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bessa Galvão
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Costa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francisco Feitosa
- Maternidade Escola, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Debora F Leite
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Janete Vettorazzi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Tedesco
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine of Jundiai, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danielly S Santana
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Souza
- Social Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Kim HK, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Kim TH, Lee SH. Asymmetric expression level of clock genes in left vs. right nasal mucosa in humans with and without allergies and in rats: Circadian characteristics and possible contribution to nasal cycle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194018. [PMID: 29534090 PMCID: PMC5849312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous peripheral tissues possess self-sustaining daily biologic rhythms that are regulated at the molecular level by clock genes such as PER1, PER2, CLOCK, and BMAL1. Physiological function of nasal mucosa exhibits rhythmic variability to a day-night environmental cycle. Nevertheless, little is known of the expression and distribution pattern of clock genes in nasal mucosa. The present study investigates the expression level and distribution pattern of PER1, PER2, CLOCK, and BMAL1 genes in nasal mucosa of healthy controls, allergic rhinitis patients, and normal rats. In human and rat nasal mucosa, the levels of these genes are asymmetrically expressed in nasal mucosa derived from right and left cavities in normal controls, allergic patients, and rat. In human nasal mucosa, the expression levels of these genes were higher in the decongested side than the congested mucosa. In rat nasal mucosa, these clock genes are expressed in a rhythmic circadian manner under the regular light/dark cycles. The expression levels of MUC5AC, a key mucin genes produced in superficial epithelium, are higher in decongested side than that congested side in human nasal mucosa. In rat nasal mucosa, MUC5AC levels showed a circadian rhythm which was associated with different expression levels in nasal mucosa derived from the right and left nasal cavities. Taken together with these results, the present study shows that the clock genes such as PER1, PER2, CLOCK, and BMAL1 are present in human and rat nasal mucosa, and suggest that these clock genes may control the pathophysiological function of nasal mucosa as circadian oscillators and affect the maintenance of the nasal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Kyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Pronin AV, Nikolaeva TN, Deeva AV. Immunological approach to assessing the health of the environment. Russ J Dev Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Medical hypothesis: Light at night is a factor worth considering in critical care units. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 4:115-120. [PMID: 34094846 DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to light at night is not an innocuous consequence of modernization. There are compelling data linking long-term exposure to occupational and environmental light at night with serious health conditions, including heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. However, far less is known about the physiological and behavioral effects of acute exposure to light at night. Among healthy volunteers, acute night-time light exposure increases systolic blood pressure and inflammatory markers in the blood, and impairs glucose regulation. Whether critically ill patients in a hospital setting experience the same physiological shifts in response to evening light exposure is not known. This paper reviews the available data on light at night effects on health and wellbeing, and argues that the data are sufficiently compelling to warrant studies of how lighting in intensive care units may be influencing patient recovery.
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16
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Segal JP, Tresidder KA, Bhatt C, Gilron I, Ghasemlou N. Circadian control of pain and neuroinflammation. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:1002-1020. [PMID: 28865126 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of a neuroinflammatory response to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain have been highlighted in recent years. Inflammatory cells contributing to this response include circulating immune cells such as monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as microglia in the central nervous system. Pain signals are transmitted via sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, which express various receptors and channels that respond to mediators secreted from these inflammatory cells. Chronobiological rhythms, which include the 24-hr circadian cycle, have recently been shown to regulate both nervous and immune cell activity and function. This review examines the current literature on chronobiological control of neuroinflammatory processes, with a focus on inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. While the majority of this work has stemmed from observational studies in humans, recent advances in using animal models have highlighted distinct mechanisms underlying these interactions. Better understanding interactions between the circadian and neuroimmune systems can help guide the development of new treatments and provide improved care for patients suffering from acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Segal
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn A Tresidder
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charvi Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Effect of agomelatine treatment on C-reactive protein levels in patients with major depressive disorder: an exploratory study in "real-world," everyday clinical practice. CNS Spectr 2017; 22:342-347. [PMID: 27702411 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852916000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agomelatine is a newer antidepressant but, to date, no studies have been carried out investigating its effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after treatment. The present study aimed (i) to investigate the effects of agomelatine treatment on CRP levels in a sample of patients with MDD and (ii) to investigate if CRP variations were correlated with clinical improvement in such patients. METHODS 30 adult outpatients (12 males, 18 females) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of MDD were recruited in "real-world," everyday clinical practice and treated with a flexible dose of agomelatine for 12 weeks. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms and anhedonia, respectively. Moreover, serum CRP was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Agomelatine was effective in the treatment of MDD, with a significant reduction in HAM-D and SHAPS scores from baseline to endpoint. CRP levels were reduced in the whole sample, with remitters showing a significant difference in CRP levels after 12 weeks of agomelatine. A multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that higher CRP level variation was associated with higher baseline HAM-D scores, controlling for age, gender, smoking, BMI, and agomelatine dose. CONCLUSIONS Agomelatine's antidepressant properties were associated with a reduction in circulating CRP levels in MDD patients who achieved remission after 12 weeks of treatment. Moreover, more prominent CRP level variation was associated with more severe depressive symptoms at baseline.
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Monje FJ, Cicvaric A, Acevedo Aguilar JP, Elbau I, Horvath O, Diao W, Glat M, Pollak DD. Disrupted Ultradian Activity Rhythms and Differential Expression of Several Clock Genes in Interleukin-6-Deficient Mice. Front Neurol 2017; 8:99. [PMID: 28382017 PMCID: PMC5360714 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the cycles of activity and rest stand out among the most intensively investigated aspects of circadian rhythmicity in humans and experimental animals. Alterations in the circadian patterns of activity and rest are strongly linked to cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in severe mental illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depression (MDD). The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been prominently associated with the pathogenesis of AD and MDD. However, the potential involvement of IL-6 in the modulation of the diurnal rhythms of activity and rest has not been investigated. Here, we set out to study the role of IL-6 in circadian rhythmicity through the characterization of patterns of behavioral locomotor activity in IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO) mice and wild-type littermate controls. Deletion of IL-6 did not alter the length of the circadian period or the amount of locomotor activity under either light-entrained or free-running conditions. IL-6 KO mice also presented a normal phase shift in response to light exposure at night. However, the temporal architecture of the behavioral rhythmicity throughout the day, as characterized by the quantity of ultradian activity bouts, was significantly impaired under light-entrained and free-running conditions in IL-6 KO. Moreover, the assessment of clock gene expression in the hippocampus, a brain region involved in AD and depression, revealed altered levels of cry1, dec2, and rev-erb-beta in IL-6 KO mice. These data propose that IL-6 participates in the regulation of ultradian activity/rest rhythmicity and clock gene expression in the mammalian brain. Furthermore, we propose IL-6-dependent circadian misalignment as a common pathogenetic principle in some neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Juan Pablo Acevedo Aguilar
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Immanuel Elbau
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Orsolya Horvath
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Weifei Diao
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Micaela Glat
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Regidor PA, Volko CD, Schindler AE, Rohr UD. The evolution of genomic stability to a mechanism in reproduction and psychiatry. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 29:1-11. [PMID: 27269896 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There are two forms of immune defense, the specific or adaptive immune defense and the unspecific innate immune defense. Vaccination is utilized against specific bacteria via the adaptive immune system. The innate immunity DNA stress defense is a non-toxic mechanism developed in yeasts and conserved in mammals and in plants. Although the steroidal hormone cascade has overtaken the stress response and allows superfast response via non-genomic receptors, the old innate immunity response is still mediated via the steroidal hormones cascade. The classical drug/receptor model has provided for many solutions, however, in antibiotics, cancer, and in severe mental diseases this model reaches to certain limits. The NIH/Department of Mental Health has developed a new model that shows severe mental diseases may be immune diseases that can be treated by replacing old diseased nerve cells by new healthy nerve cells, where the old innate immunity may be exploited. This means that severe mental diseases are physical diseases. A newly developed model, where modifications of the steroidal hormone cascade help to understand bipolarity, schizophrenia, and PTSD in men and women can be transferred to gynecological hormone modifications in women, where innate immunity is mediated via the same steroidal hormone cascade. Treatment via immune response via the DNA cascade should be developed in cancer, infections and severe mental disease, because foreign cells or diseased cells may be removed by the unspecific innate immunity.
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