Triterpenes and Sterols from Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)

Bioprospecting of the agaricomycete Ganoderma australe GPC191 as novel source for L-asparaginase production

l-Asparaginase is a therapeutically and industrially-competent enzyme, acting predominantly as an anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agent. The existing formulations of prokaryotic l-asparaginase are often toxic and contain l-glutaminase and urease residues, thereby increasing the purification steps. Production of l-glutaminase and urease free l-asparaginase is thus desired. In this research, bioprospecting of isolates from the less explored class Agaricomycetes was undertaken for l-asparaginase production. Plate assay (using phenol red and bromothymol blue dyes) was performed followed by estimation of l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase and urease activities by Nesslerization reaction for all the isolates. The isolate displaying the desired enzyme production was subjected to morphological, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis with statistical validation using Jukes-Cantor by Neighbour-joining tree of Maximum Likelihood statistical method. Among the isolates, Ganoderma australe GPC191 with significantly high zone index value (5.581 ± 0.045 at 120 h) and enzyme activity (1.57 ± 0.006 U/mL), devoid of l-glutaminase and urease activity was selected. The present study for the first-time reported G. australe as the potential source of l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase and also is one of the few studies contributing to the literature of G. australe in India. Hence, it can be postulated that it may find its future application in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Antifungal activity of sterols and triterpenes isolated from Ganoderma annulare

Three sterols, 5alpha-ergost-7-en-3beta-ol, 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol and 5,8-epidioxy-5alpha,8alpha-ergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol and five triterpenes, applanoxidic acids A, C, F, G and H, have been isolated from Ganoderma annulare. The applanoxidic acids A, C and F were found to inhibit the growth of the fungi Microsporum cannis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes at concentrations of 500 to 1000 microg/ml.