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Tsiouris V, Mantzios T, Kiskinis K, Guérin JL, Croville G, Brellou GD, Apostolopoulou EP, Petridou EJ, Georgopoulou I. First Detection and Identification of FAdV-8b as the Causative Agent of an Outbreak of Inclusion Body Hepatitis in a Commercial Broiler Farm in Greece. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040160. [PMID: 35448658 PMCID: PMC9027271 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically important disease of chickens, with a worldwide distribution, caused by Fowl Aviadenoviruses (FAdVs). Currently, the increased number of cases, the virulence of the isolate strains, as well as the lack of cross-species protection highlight that detailed in-field data are fundamental for the development of successful control strategies. This case report provides a detailed clinicopathological investigation of an unusual IBH outbreak in a commercial broiler farm in the region of Macedonia, Greece. The farm consisted of 64,000 birds, originated from the same breeder stock and placed in three different houses (Flock A–C). At 20 days of age, a sudden increase in daily mortality was recorded in Flock A. It is worth mentioning that, although all flocks were serologically (indirect ELISA) and molecularly (RT-PCR) positive for FAdV, the mortality rate, attributed to IBH, was much higher in Flock A compared to others. The clinical manifestation included non-specific symptoms such as depression, inappetence, yellowish mucoid diarrhea, and lack of uniformity. At necropsy, typically, enlarged, pale, and friable livers were dominant, while sporadically lesions were recorded in the pancreas, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and lymphoid organs. The histopathological examination of liver samples showed multifocal inflammation, necrosis, and the presence of basophilic/ eosinophilic inclusion bodies in hepatocytes. In addition, the loss of the architecture of pancreatic lobules and the presence of fibrosis and foci of mononuclear cell aggregates were suggestive of chronic pancreatic inflammation. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of FAdV, belonging to species E, serotype FAdV-8b. Performance and financial calculations revealed that IBH increased Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), feed cost/chick as well as feed cost/kg live weight, whereas the Livability (%) and the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) were decreased in the most severely affected flocks (Flock A). This study is the first report of the detection and identification of FAdV serotypes associated with IBH in commercial broiler flocks in Greece. However, there is still a lack of information about the circulating FAdV serotypes in the country, and therefore epidemiological studies are needed to establish control strategies for IBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (K.K.); (I.G.)
| | - Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (K.K.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310994551
| | - Konstantinos Kiskinis
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (K.K.); (I.G.)
| | - Jean-Luc Guérin
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (J.-L.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Guillaume Croville
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (J.-L.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Georgia D. Brellou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.D.B.); (E.P.A.)
| | - Emmanouela P. Apostolopoulou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.D.B.); (E.P.A.)
| | - Evanthia J. Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Georgopoulou
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (K.K.); (I.G.)
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Goldberg TL, Clyde VL, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Sibley SD, Wallace R. Severe neurologic disease and chick mortality in crested screamers (Chauna torquata) infected with a novel Gyrovirus. Virology 2018; 520:111-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abed M, Soubies S, Courtillon C, Briand FX, Allée C, Amelot M, De Boisseson C, Lucas P, Blanchard Y, Belahouel A, Kara R, Essalhi A, Temim S, Khelef D, Eterradossi N. Infectious bursal disease virus in Algeria: Detection of highly pathogenic reassortant viruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:48-57. [PMID: 29409800 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive viral disease, present worldwide, which causes mortality and immunosuppression in young chickens. The causative agent, the Avibirnavirus IBDV, is a non-enveloped virus whose genome consists of two segments (A and B) of double-stranded RNA. Different pathotypes of IBDV exist, ranging from attenuated vaccine strains to very virulent viruses (vvIBDV). In Algeria, despite the prophylactic measures implemented, cases of IBD are still often diagnosed clinically and the current molecular epidemiology of IBDV remains unknown. The presence of the virus and especially of strains genetically close to vvIBDV was confirmed in 2000 by an unpublished OIE report. In this study, nineteen IBDV isolates were collected in Algeria between September 2014 and September 2015 during clinical outbreaks. These isolates were analyzed at the genetic, antigenic and pathogenic levels. Our results reveal a broad genetic and phenotypic diversity of pathogenic IBDV strains in Algeria, with, i) the circulation of viruses with both genome segments related to European vvIBDV, which proved as pathogenic for specific pathogen-free chickens as vvIBDV reference strain, ii) the circulation of viruses closely related - yet with a specific segment B - to European vvIBDV, their pathogenicity being lower than reference vvIBDV, iii) the detection of reassortant viruses whose segment A was related to vvIBDV whereas their segment B did not appear closely related to any reference sequence. Interestingly, the pathogenicity of these potentially reassortant strains was comparable to that of reference vvIBDV. All strains characterized in this study exhibited an antigenicity similar to the cognate reference IBDV strains. These data reveal the continuous genetic evolution of IBDV strains in Algerian poultry through reassortment and acquisition of genetic material of unidentified origin. Continuous surveillance of the situation as well as good vaccination practice associated with appropriate biosecurity measures are necessary for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Abed
- Algiers High Veterinary School (ENSV), Issad Abbes Street, Oued Smar 16000, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Sébastien Soubies
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- Experimental Poultry Unit (SELEAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire De Boisseson
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Ali Belahouel
- Veterinary Practice, Beni Slimane, 26000, Medea, Algeria
| | | | | | - Soraya Temim
- Algiers High Veterinary School (ENSV), Issad Abbes Street, Oued Smar 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djamel Khelef
- Algiers High Veterinary School (ENSV), Issad Abbes Street, Oued Smar 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Zoopole - rue des Fusillés BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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Persistence of inclusions and antigens of chicken anemia virus in Marek’s disease lymphoma. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1353-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang CH, Lai GH, Lee MS, Lin WH, Lien YY, Hsueh SC, Kao JY, Chang WT, Lu TC, Lin WN, Chen HJ, Lee MS. Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of chicken anaemia virus. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:917-924. [PMID: 19737344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) causes an economically important viral disease in chickens worldwide. The main aim of this study was to establish a rapid, sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detecting CAV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS A set of four specific LAMP primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the CAV VP2 gene, which encodes a nonstructural protein. These were used for the amplification of a specific target region of the VP2 gene. LAMP amplicons were successfully amplified and detected by DNA electrophoresis and by direct naked eye SYBR Green I visualization. A sensitivity test systematically demonstrated that the LAMP assay was superior to a conventional PCR assay with a minimum concentration limit of 100 fg compared to 10 ng for the conventional PCR. The specificity of the LAMP assay for CAV detection is consistent with conventional PCR. Using this established LAMP assay, infected and uninfected clinical samples obtained from an experimental farm were fully verified. CONCLUSIONS A novel nucleic acid-based approach of LAMP assay was successfully developed for detecting CAV infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, these results indicate that the developed LAMP assay herein for CAV detection is a time-effective, simple, sensitive and specific test that can be used as an alternative approach in the future for large-scaled diagnosis on the farm of CAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - G-H Lai
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-H Lin
- Master Degree Program, PhD Program, School of Pharmacy Undergraduate Program, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - S-C Hsueh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - J-Y Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-T Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T-C Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-N Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Mingchi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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