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Swartwout MC, Vogrinc P, Baecher JA, Kross C, Willson JD. Prey Size and Feeding Rate Do Not Influence Trophic Morphology of Juvenile Water Snakes (Nerodia sipedon). HERPETOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-18-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C. Swartwout
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Philip Vogrinc
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - J. Alex Baecher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Chelsea Kross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - John D. Willson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Boeckman KR, Whiteman HH. Predators Lack Complementarity in a Degraded Stream. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-16-574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fathinia B, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Darvishnia H, Shafaeipour A, Jaafari G. On the trophic spectrum of Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) in western Iran. ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2016.1226542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Fathinia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | | | | | - Arya Shafaeipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
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McLean KI, Stockwell CA, Mushet DM. Cannibalistic-morph Tiger Salamanders in Unexpected Ecological Contexts. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1674/amid-175-01-64-72.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Michimae H, Emura T. Correlated evolution of phenotypic plasticity in metamorphic timing. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1331-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Michimae
- Division of Life System Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Whiteman HH, Wissinger SA, Denoël M, Mecklin CJ, Gerlanc NM, Gutrich JJ. Larval growth in polyphenic salamanders: making the best of a bad lot. Oecologia 2011; 168:109-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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GARDUÑO-PAZ MÓNICAV, COUDERC SÉBASTIEN, ADAMS COLINE. Habitat complexity modulates phenotype expression through developmental plasticity in the threespine stickleback. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wissinger SA, Whiteman HH, Denoël M, Mumford ML, Aubee CB. Consumptive and nonconsumptive effects of cannibalism in fluctuating age-structured populations. Ecology 2010; 91:549-59. [PMID: 20392019 DOI: 10.1890/08-1366.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Theory and empirical studies suggest that cannibalism in age-structured populations can regulate recruitment depending on the intensity of intraspecific competition between cannibals and victims and the nature of the cannibalism window, i.e., which size classes interact as cannibals and victims. Here we report on a series of experiments that quantify that window for age-structured populations of salamander larvae and paedomorphic adults. We determined body size limits on cannibalism in microcosms and then the consumptive and nonconsumptive (injuries, foraging and activity, diet, growth) effects on victims in mesocosms with seminatural levels of habitat complexity and alternative prey. We found that cannibalism by the largest size classes (paedomorphs and > or = age 3+ yr larvae) occurs mainly on young-of-the-year (YOY) victims. Surviving YOY and other small larvae had increased injuries, reduced activity levels, and reduced growth rates in the presence of cannibals. Data on YOY survival in an experiment in which we manipulated the density of paedomorphs combined with historical data on the number of cannibals in natural populations indicate that dominant cohorts of paedomorphs can cause observed recruitment failures. Dietary data indicate that ontogenetic shifts in diet should preclude strong intraspecific competition between YOY and cannibals in this species. Thus our results are consistent with previous empirical and theoretical work that suggests that recruitment regulation by cannibalism is most likely when YOY are vulnerable to cannibalism but have low dietary overlap with cannibals. Understanding the role of cannibalism in regulating recruitment in salamander populations is timely, given the widespread occurrences of amphibian decline. Previous studies have focused on extrinsic (including anthropogenic) factors that affect amphibian population dynamics, whereas the data presented here combined with long-term field observations suggest the potential for intrinsically driven population cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wissinger
- Biology Department, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania 16335, USA.
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Michimae H, Nishimura K, Tamori Y, Wakahara M. Maternal effects on phenotypic plasticity in larvae of the salamander Hynobius retardatus. Oecologia 2009; 160:601-8. [PMID: 19352721 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Maternal effects are widespread and influence a variety of traits, for example, life history strategies, mate choice, and capacity to avoid predation. Therefore, maternal effects may also influence phenotypic plasticity of offspring, but few studies have addressed the relationship between maternal effects and phenotypic plasticity of offspring. We examined the relationship between a maternally influenced trait (egg size) and the phenotypic plasticity of the induction rate of the broad-headed morph in the salamander Hynobius retardatus. The relationship between egg size and the induction of the broad-headed morph was tested across experimental crowding conditions (densities of low conspecifics, high conspecifics, and high heterospecific anuran), using eggs and larvae from eight natural populations with different larval densities of conspecifics and heterospecifics. The broad-headed morph has a large mouth that enables it to consume either conspecifics or heterospecifics, and this ability gives survival advantages over the normal morph. We have determined that there is phenotypic plasticity in development, as shown by an increase in the frequency of broad-headed morph in response to an increase in the density of conspecifics and heterospecifics. This reaction norm differed between populations. We also determined that the frequency of the broad-headed morph is affected by egg size in which larger egg size resulted in expression of the broad-headed morph. Furthermore, we determined that selection acting on the propensity to develop the broad-headed morph has produced a change in egg size. Lastly, we found that an increase in egg size alters the reaction norm to favor development of the broad-headed morph. For example, an equal change in experimental density produces a greater change in the frequency of the broad-headed morph in larvae developing from large eggs than it does in larvae developing from small eggs. Population differences in plasticity might be the results of differences in egg size between populations, which is caused by the adaptive integration of the plasticity and egg size. Phenotypic plasticity can not evolve independently of maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Michimae
- Division of Life System Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Ghioca DM, Smith LM. Population Structure of Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium in Playa Wetlands: Landuse Influence and Variations in Polymorphism. COPEIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-06-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghioca-Robrecht DM, Smith LM. Feeding ecology of polymorphic larval barred tiger salamanders in playas of the Southern Great Plains. CAN J ZOOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In playas of the Southern Great Plains, larval barred tiger salamanders ( Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium Baird, 1850) (= Ambystoma mavortium mavortium ) are present as polymorphic populations. Typical and cannibal morphs have been previously investigated but intermediate forms have received little attention and their role in playa food web structure is unknown. We investigated the diet composition of these three morphotypes and compared diet preferences of typical versus nontypical morphs. Typical and intermediate morphs had similar body morphology (snout to vent length and stomach content mass), but cannibal morphs had larger stomach content mass than the other morphotypes. However, the intermediate morph had a distinctive diet composition from cannibal and typical individuals as determined by diet composition rankings, diet overlap and similarity indices, and diet diversity. By comparing prey availability versus consumption, we determined that nontypical morphs preferred larger invertebrates such as tadpole shrimps (Triopsidae) and fairy shrimps (Streptocephalidae), whereas typical morphs preferred smaller prey taxa like ostracods (Cyprididae) and water boatmen (Corixidae). Several prey taxa were avoided by all larvae suggesting that feeding in A. t. mavortium in playas is not opportunistic. Our study demonstrates that larval A. t. mavortium are present not only as dimorphic but also as polymorphic populations in playas and indicates that identifying these morphs is essential for the proper understanding of aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Ghioca-Robrecht
- Wildlife and Fisheries Management Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2125, USA
| | - L. M. Smith
- Wildlife and Fisheries Management Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2125, USA
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DENOËL MATHIEU, WHITEMAN HOWARDH, WISSINGER SCOTTA. Temporal shift of diet in alternative cannibalistic morphs of the tiger salamander. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Michimae H. Differentiated phenotypic plasticity in larvae of the cannibalistic salamander Hynobius retardatus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-005-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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The Evolutionary Significance of Intra-cohort Cannibalism in Larvae of a Xeric-inhabiting Salamander: An Inter-cohort Comparison. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.3105/1345-5834(2005)24[55:tesoic]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Johnson EB, Bierzychudek P, Whiteman HH. Potential of prey size and type to affect foraging asymmetries in tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum) larvae. CAN J ZOOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1139/z03-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although competitive interactions within predator populations are known to depend on their size structure, we understand less about how these interactions are influenced by prey characteristics. Most studies of such interactions for tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum) larvae have used small zooplankton prey. We investigate the potential of exploitation and interference competition to influence the success of tiger salamander larvae feeding on relatively large prey, mayfly and damselfly larvae. We measured salamander foraging efficiency for a range of salamander and prey sizes and observed aggression levels of salamanders of varying size housed together. Exploitative foraging efficiency (captures per attempts) increased with salamander size but was better predicted by relative prey size (prey size as a percentage of salamander snout–vent length) than by salamander size alone; it also depended significantly on prey type. Aggression (interference) levels were higher when prey were present, and larger salamanders were more aggressive than smaller ones but did not consume more mayfly prey. Our results suggest that investigating the environmental conditions, particularly the prey characteristics, that influence size-based competitive advantages will lead to a better understanding of predator population dynamics.
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