1
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Bohannon AM, Bassett LG, Sirsi S, MacLaren AR, Foley DH, Fritts SR, Pharr LR, Forstner MR. Reproductive Characteristics of Rio Grande Cooters (Pseudemys gorzugi) in Western Texas. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1551.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin M.A. Bohannon
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Wildlife Division, 109 South Cockrell Street, Alpine, Texas 79830 USA []
| | - Lawrence G. Bassett
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666 USA [; ; ; ]
| | - Shashwat Sirsi
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666 USA [; ; ; ]
| | - Andrew R. MacLaren
- Cambrian Environmental, 4422 Pack Saddle Pass #204, Austin, Texas 78745 USA []
| | - Daniel H. Foley
- Department of Natural & Behavioral Sciences, Sul Ross State University, 205 Wildcat Drive, Del Rio, Texas 78840 USA []
| | - Sarah R. Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666 USA [; ; ; ]
| | - Laura R. Pharr
- Val Verde Veterinary Hospital, 100 Lowe Drive, Del Rio, Texas 78840 USA []
| | - Michael R.J. Forstner
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666 USA [; ; ; ]
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2
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Using predictions from multiple anthropogenic threats to estimate future population persistence of an imperiled species. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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3
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Hunter EA, Loope KJ, Drake KK, Hanley K, Jones DN, Shoemaker KT, Rostal DC. Warming conditions boost reproductive output for a northern gopher tortoise population. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of climate change on at-risk species will depend on how life history processes respond to climate and whether the seasonal timing of local climate changes overlaps with species-specific windows of climate sensitivity. For long-lived, iteroparous species like gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus, climate likely has a greater influence on reproduction than on adult survival. Our objective was to estimate the timing, magnitude, and direction of climate-driven effects on gopher tortoise reproductive output using a 25 yr dataset collected in southeastern Georgia, USA, near the northern edge of the species’ range. We assessed the timing of climate effects on reproductive output (both probability of reproduction and clutch size) by fitting models with climate covariates (maximum temperature, precipitation, and temperature range) summarized at all possible time intervals (in 1 mo increments) within the 24 mo period prior to the summer census date. We then fit a final model of reproductive output as a function of the identified climate variables and time windows using a Bayesian mixture model. Probability of reproduction was positively correlated with the prior year’s April-May maximum temperature, and clutch size was positively correlated with the prior year’s June maximum temperature. April-May and June maximum temperatures have increased over the past 3 decades at the study site, which likely led to an increase in clutch size of approximately 1 egg (15% increase over a mean of 6.5 eggs). However, the net effect of climate change on gopher tortoise population dynamics will depend on whether there are opposing or reinforcing climate responses for other demographic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- EA Hunter
- US Geological Survey, Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 W. Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - KJ Loope
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Dr., Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - KK Drake
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 160 N. Stephanie Dr., Henderson, NV 89074, USA
| | - K Hanley
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Dr., Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - DN Jones
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Dr., Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, 11201 Renner Blvd., Lenexa, KS 66219, USA
| | - KT Shoemaker
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada - Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - DC Rostal
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Dr., Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
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4
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Greene RE, Tuberville TD, Chamberlain MJ, Miller DA, Wigley TB, Martin JA. A Review of Gopher Tortoise Demography and Movements in Production Pine Forest Landscapes. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Greene
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Tracey D. Tuberville
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer EAiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | | | - T. Bently Wigley
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. P.O. Box 340317 Clemson SC 29634‐0317 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
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5
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Howell HJ, Rothermel BB, White KN, Searcy CA. Gopher Tortoise Demographic Responses to a Novel Disturbance Regime. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter J. Howell
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | | | - K. Nicole White
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Christopher A. Searcy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
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6
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Yuan ML, White KN, Rothermel BB, Zamudio KR, Tuberville TD. Close-kin mating, but not inbred parents, reduces hatching rates and offspring quality in a threatened tortoise. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1152-1162. [PMID: 31397924 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression, the reduction in fitness due to mating of related individuals, is of particular conservation concern in species with small, isolated populations. Although inbreeding depression is widespread in natural populations, long-lived species may be buffered from its effects during population declines due to long generation times and thus are less likely to have evolved mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance than species with shorter generation times. However, empirical evidence of the consequences of inbreeding in threatened, long-lived species is limited. In this study, we leverage a well-studied population of gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus, to examine the role of inbreeding depression and the potential for behavioural inbreeding avoidance in a natural population of a long-lived species. We tested the hypothesis that increased parental inbreeding leads to reduced hatching rates and offspring quality. Additionally, we tested for evidence of inbreeding avoidance. We found that high parental relatedness results in offspring with lower quality and that high parental relatedness is correlated with reduced hatching success. However, we found that hatching success and offspring quality increase with maternal inbreeding, likely due to highly inbred females mating with more distantly related males. We did not find evidence for inbreeding avoidance in males and outbred females, suggesting sex-specific evolutionary trade-offs may have driven the evolution of mating behaviour. Our results demonstrate inbreeding depression in a long-lived species and that the evolution of inbreeding avoidance is shaped by multiple selective forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA
| | - K Nicole White
- Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA.,Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA.,Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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7
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Jadin RC, Mihaljevic JR, Orlofske SA. Do New World pitvipers "scale-down" at high elevations? Macroecological patterns of scale characters and body size. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9362-9375. [PMID: 31463027 PMCID: PMC6706185 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bergmann's rule describes the macroecological pattern of increasing body size in response to higher latitudes and elevations. This pattern is extensively documented in endothermic vertebrates, within and among species; however, studies involving ectotherms are less common and suggest no consistent pattern for amphibians and reptiles. Moreover, adaptive traits, such as epidermal features like scales, have not been widely examined in conjunction with Bergmann's rule, even though these traits affect physiological processes, such as thermoregulation, which are hypothesized as underlying mechanisms for the pattern. Here, we investigate how scale characters correlate with elevation among 122 New World pitviper species, representing 15 genera. We found a contra-Bergmann's pattern, where body size is smaller at higher elevations. This pattern was mainly driven by the presence of small-bodied clades at high elevations and large-bodied clades at low elevations, emphasizing the importance of taxonomic scope in studying macroecological patterns. Within a subset of speciose clades, we found that only Crotalus demonstrated a significant negative relationship between body size and elevation, perhaps because of its wide elevational range. In addition, we found a positive correlation between scale counts and body size but no independent effect of elevation on scale numbers. Our study increases our knowledge of Bergmann's rule in reptiles by specifically examining characters of squamation and suggests a need to reexamine macroecological patterns for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Jadin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin Eau ClaireEau ClaireWIUSA
| | - Joseph R. Mihaljevic
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber SystemsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Sarah A. Orlofske
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin Stevens PointStevens PointWIUSA
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8
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Averill-Murray RC, Christopher TE, Henen BT. Reproductive Ecology and Life History of Female Sonoran Desert Tortoises (Gopherus morafkai). HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-18-00003.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy C. Averill-Murray
- Nongame Branch, Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 West Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086, USA
| | - Terry E. Christopher
- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Brian T. Henen
- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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9
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Burke RL, Clendening B, Kanonik A. Long-term increases in clutch size in common snapping turtles ( Chelydra serpentina) and diamondback terrapins ( Malaclemys terrapin). J NAT HIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1483539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell L. Burke
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
- American Littoral Society, Northeast Chapter, Broad Channel, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Kanonik
- American Littoral Society, Northeast Chapter, Broad Channel, NY, USA
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10
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Yang J, Wu Q, Xiao R, Zhao J, Chen J, Jiao X. Seasonal variations in body melanism and size of the wolf spider Pardosa astrigera (Araneae: Lycosidae). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4352-4359. [PMID: 29721303 PMCID: PMC5916282 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in species morphology and life‐history traits strongly correlate with geographic and climatic characteristics. Most studies on morphological variations in animals focus on ectotherms distributed on a large geographic scale across latitudinal and/or altitudinal gradient. However, the morphological variations of spiders living in the same habitats across different seasons have not been reported. In this study, we used the wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera, as a model to determine seasonal differences in adult body size, melanism, fecundity, and egg diameter both in the overwintering and the first generation for 2010 and 2016. The results showed that in 2010, both females and males of the overwintering generation were significantly darker than the first generation. Moreover, the overwintering females were markedly larger and produced more and bigger eggs than the first generation in both 2010 and 2016. Considering the overwintering P. astrigera experiencing low temperature and/or desiccation stress, these results suggest that substantially darker and larger body of the overwintering generation is adaptive to adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Yang
- Center for Behavioral Ecology & Evolution Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources College of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan China
| | - Qijia Wu
- Center for Behavioral Ecology & Evolution Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources College of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Center for Behavioral Ecology & Evolution Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources College of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan China
| | - Jupeng Zhao
- Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jian Chen
- Center for Behavioral Ecology & Evolution Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources College of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoguo Jiao
- Center for Behavioral Ecology & Evolution Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources College of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan China
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11
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Hedrick A, Klondaris H, Corichi L, Dreslik M, Iverson J. The effects of climate on annual variation in reproductive output in Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina). CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reptiles are highly dependent on climatic patterns to regulate their behavior and physiology, and studies of the effects of climate on the biology of organisms are increasingly important given expected climate change. Our study examined the effects of climate variation over 15 of the 26 years between 1990 and 2015 on the reproductive output of the Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758)). Egg mass, clutch size, and clutch mass (relative to body size) were significantly higher in years following warmer temperatures in September and October of the year before reproduction, but not related to temperatures in April and May just before reproduction. Of the above life-history traits, egg mass varied the least across years, and after warm autumns small turtles (225–285 mm carapace length) increased clutch mass by increasing clutch size but not egg mass. In contrast, under the same conditions, large turtles increased clutch mass by increasing egg mass but not clutch size. Our data suggest optimal egg mass may vary with female size. Climate change may already have impacted reproductive output in Snapping Turtles at the site because temperatures during September and October have increased about 0.5 °C each decade for the last 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Hedrick
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - H.M. Klondaris
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - L.C. Corichi
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - M.J. Dreslik
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - J.B. Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
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12
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Castellón TD, Rothermel BB, Bauder JM. Gopher Tortoise Burrow Use, Home Range, Seasonality, and Habitat Fidelity in Scrub and Mesic Flatwoods of Southern Florida. HERPETOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-17-00030.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javan M. Bauder
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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13
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Lucas PS, Bager A. Contrasting reproductive strategies in a narrow latitude range: the case of D’Orbigny’s slider. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive traits and the level of parental investment in offspring varies between individuals and species. These are central issues in life history theory and evolutionary biology. Maternal body size plays an important role in reproduction, and we usually observe variable investment in offspring by females. Thus, optimal egg size may not be reached in some populations or species. In this study, we tested if reproductive traits differed between populations of D’Orbigny’s slider in a specific geographical area in Brazil. We evaluated the relationship between reproductive traits to maternal body size and clutch size to egg size to determine possible trade-offs across populations. At the population level, maternal body size and reproductive traits of D’Orbigny’s slider were different even in geographically nearby areas. Maternal body size had a positive effect on clutch size, but not on egg size, except in the Arroio Grande population. Nevertheless, we did not observe a negative correlation between clutch and egg size in any population. Although maternal body size had effects in the different populations explaining most of the variation of clutch size, variation in egg size may be the result of decreased survival chances in unpredictable environments and possibly morphological constraints. The trade-off between egg size and number was not observed and this could be expected if resource availability and reproductive allocation by females vary greatly among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva Lucas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
- Centro Brasileiro de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Alex Bager
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
- Centro Brasileiro de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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14
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Bager A, Lucas PS, Costa A, Lima JCS, Silveira ML. Morphology and sexual dimorphism ofAcanthochelys spixii(Testudines, Chelidae) in Brazil. TROPICAL ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2016.1164559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Rothermel BB, Castellón TD. Factors Influencing Reproductive Output and Egg Size in a Southern Population of Gopher Tortoises. SOUTHEAST NAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1656/058.013.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Moreno Azócar DL, Perotti MG, Bonino MF, Schulte JA, Abdala CS, Cruz FB. Variation in body size and degree of melanism within a lizards clade: is it driven by latitudinal and climatic gradients? J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Moreno Azócar
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA); CONICET-UNCOMA; Bariloche Argentina
| | - M. G. Perotti
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA); CONICET-UNCOMA; Bariloche Argentina
| | - M. F. Bonino
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA); CONICET-UNCOMA; Bariloche Argentina
| | - J. A. Schulte
- Department of Biology; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY USA
| | - C. S. Abdala
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e I. M. Lillo (UNT); CONICET-Instituto de Herpetología (FML); San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - F. B. Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA); CONICET-UNCOMA; Bariloche Argentina
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17
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Zhao B, Chen Y, Lu HL, Zeng ZG, Du WG. Latitudinal differences in temperature effects on the embryonic development and hatchling phenotypes of the Asian yellow pond turtle,Mauremys mutica. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310036 China
| | - Ye Chen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310036 China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310036 China
| | - Zhi-Gao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Wei-Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
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Castellón TD, Rothermel BB, Nomani SZ. Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Burrow Densities in Scrub and Flatwoods Habitats of Peninsular Florida. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0972.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Greaves WF, Litzgus JD. Variation in life-history characteristics among populations of North American wood turtles: a view from the north. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Moore JA, Strattan M, Szabo V. Evidence for Year-Round Reproduction in the Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in Southeastern Florida. BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2009. [DOI: 10.3374/014.050.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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