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Barros F, Silva L, Dias J, Abe H, Paixão P, Sousa N, Cordeiro C, Fujimoto R. In vitro selection of autochthonous bacterium with probiotic potential for the neotropical fish piauçu Megaleporinus microcephalus. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The study aimed to isolate, identify, and apply in vitro tests on bacteria with autochthonous probiotic potential isolated from fifteen healthy specimens of Megaleporinus macrocephalus. The strains were selected from the intestinal tract of fish and inoculated in the Petri plate containing Sharp Man Rogosa Agar (MRS) for (48 hours at 35ºC). They were isolated based on a test of catalase, Gram stain, tolerance to different gradients NaCl (1, 2 and 3%), pH (4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) values and bile salts (2.5 and 5%), in addition to the inhibition zone against pathogens. Of the 42 strains isolated, ST1 and ST9 had higher values (p<0.05) for total viable cells (31.80±0.07 and 32.51±0.05 CFU/mL × 108) respectively. In the resistance tests, strains ST1 and ST9 presented the best results, with emphasis on ST9 in the gradients of pH, high values of bile salts and larger inhibition zones against Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei. The strains with the best results in the tests, ST1 and ST9, were identified by the MALDI-TOF-MS method as Enterococcus faecium. Thus, the isolated E. faecium bacteria, may be recommended as for probiotic use in farming the M. macrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H.A. Abe
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
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Beltrão H, Zuanon J, Ferreira E. Checklist of the ichthyofauna of the Rio Negro basin in the Brazilian Amazon. Zookeys 2019; 881:53-89. [PMID: 31662611 PMCID: PMC6813176 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.881.32055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents an extensive review of published and unpublished occurrence records of fish species in the Rio Negro drainage system within the Brazilian territory. The data was gathered from two main sources: 1) litterature compilations of species occurrence records, including original descriptions and revisionary studies; and 2) specimens verification at the INPA fish collection. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 1,165 species distributed in 17 orders (+ two incertae sedis), 56 families, and 389 genera. A large portion of the fish fauna (54.3% of the species) is composed of small-sized fishes < 10 cm in standard length. The main groups are Characiformes (454 species; 39.0%), Siluriformes (416; 35.7%), Gymnotiformes (105; 9.0%), and Cichliformes (102; 8.8%). The species composition differs between the main aquatic environments, such as: main channel (159 species), lakes (296), tributary rivers (596), small streams (234), seasonal beaches (186), and rapids (41). Part of the ichthyofauna is shared with adjacent basins, such as the Orinoco, rivers of the Guiana Shield, lower Solimões/Amazonas and upper Amazonas, which contributes to the remarkable ichthyofaunal diversity of the basin. A high rate of species endemism was observed in Characidae (24), Loricariidae (18), Cichlidae (18) and Callichthyidae (18), totalling 156 species (13.4%) endemic to the basin. An estimation of the species richness for the Rio Negro basin, considering 23 published references, resulted in 1,466 and 1,759 species (Jackknife 1 and 2, respectively), which seems reasonable when considering the large number of morphotypes left out of the present list and the low sampling effort in many areas of the basin. The results presented herein provide an additional tool for environmental managers and decision makers for conservation purposes of one of the richest and most well-preserved sub-basins of the Rio Amazonas system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Beltrão
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM; Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos PPG-CIPET; Av. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, Manaus-AM, Brazil Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Jansen Zuanon
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA; Coordenação de Biodiversidade; Av. André Araújo, 2936, Caixa Postal 478, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - Efrem Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA; Coordenação de Biodiversidade; Av. André Araújo, 2936, Caixa Postal 478, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
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Ramirez JL, Birindelli JL, Carvalho DC, Affonso PRAM, Venere PC, Ortega H, Carrillo-Avila M, Rodríguez-Pulido JA, Galetti PM. Revealing Hidden Diversity of the Underestimated Neotropical Ichthyofauna: DNA Barcoding in the Recently Described Genus Megaleporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae). Front Genet 2017; 8:149. [PMID: 29075287 PMCID: PMC5643504 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular studies have improved our knowledge on the neotropical ichthyofauna. DNA barcoding has successfully been used in fish species identification and in detecting cryptic diversity. Megaleporinus (Anostomidae) is a recently described freshwater fish genus within which taxonomic uncertainties remain. Here we assessed all nominal species of this genus using a DNA barcode approach (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I) with a broad sampling to generate a reference library, characterize new molecular lineages, and test the hypothesis that some of the nominal species represent species complexes. The analyses identified 16 (ABGD and BIN) to 18 (ABGD, GMYC, and PTP) different molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) within the 10 studied nominal species, indicating cryptic biodiversity and potential candidate species. Only Megaleporinus brinco, Megaleporinus garmani, and Megaleporinus elongatus showed correspondence between nominal species and MOTUs. Within six nominal species, a subdivision in two MOTUs was found, while Megaleporinus obtusidens was divided in three MOTUs, suggesting that DNA barcode is a very useful approach to identify the molecular lineages of Megaleporinus, even in the case of recent divergence (< 0.5 Ma). Our results thus provided molecular findings that can be used along with morphological traits to better define each species, including candidate new species. This is the most complete analysis of DNA barcode in this recently described genus, and considering its economic value, a precise species identification is quite desirable and fundamental for conservation of the whole biodiversity of this fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Ramirez
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose L Birindelli
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo R A M Affonso
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Venere
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Hernán Ortega
- Departamento de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - José A Rodríguez-Pulido
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Reproducción Animal, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Pedro M Galetti
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ramirez JL, Birindelli JL, Galetti PM. A new genus of Anostomidae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes): Diversity, phylogeny and biogeography based on cytogenetic, molecular and morphological data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 107:308-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Burns MD, Chatfield M, Birindelli JLO, Sidlauskas BL. Systematic assessment of the Leporinus desmotes species complex, with a description of two new species. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Members of the Leporinus desmotes species complex can be distinguished from other barred or banded congeners by the combination of nine distinct black bars across the head and trunk and long, pointed, laterally compressed and upward curving symphyseal dentary teeth. A taxonomic reassessment of this complex revealed two new species, one from the Orinoco and Negro rivers of Venezuela and Brazil, and the other from the Xingu and Tapajós rivers of Brazil. Both species are similar to L. desmotes and L. jatuncochi, but differ significantly in body shape morphology, coloration, and/or circumpeduncular scale counts. Genetic evidence also contributes to the recognition of both new species. This contribution also maps the geographic distribution of the four known species, and highlights the presence of an unusual meristic polymorphism within Leporinus desmotes sensu stricto that may suggest the presence of even more unrecognized diversity.
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Ramirez JL, Carvalho-Costa LF, Venere PC, Carvalho DC, Troy WP, Galetti PM. Testing monophyly of the freshwater fish Leporinus (Characiformes, Anostomidae) through molecular analysis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1204-1214. [PMID: 26822755 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monophyly of the genus Leporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) was tested by sequencing and analysing a total of 4732 bp, including two mitochondrial [cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and cytochrome b (Cytb)] and three nuclear [myosin heavy chain 6 cardiac muscle alpha (Myh6), recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) and recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2)] loci for 22 species of Leporinus, or c. 25% of all described species in the genus. Phylogenetic tree analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian species tree) indicate Leporinus to be paraphyletic, with monophyly being rejected by both Kishino-Hasegawa and Shimodaira-Hasegawa tests. The sequenced species of Leporinus are distributed across five clades that are interleaved among other anostomid genera. Several taxonomic changes are suggested as being necessary to restore monophyly for the group. The clade containing the type species, Leporinus fasciatus, should be considered Leporinus sensu stricto and at least three new genera should be described for other species currently considered part of Leporinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ramirez
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - L F Carvalho-Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brasil
| | - P C Venere
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Genética Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - D C Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - W P Troy
- Laboratório de Ictiologia e Citogenética Animal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), campus de Tangará da Serra, Cáceres, MT, Brasil
| | - P M Galetti
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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