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Puebla-Rodríguez P, García-González OP, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Díaz-Sánchez M, Del Mazo JC, Sauri-González I, Alonzo-Góngora A, García-Rodríguez G, López-Martínez I, Aréchiga-Ceballos N. The Role of Skunks in the Epidemiology of Rabies in the State of Yucatan from 2000 to 2022: Current Perspectives and Future Research Directions. Microorganisms 2025; 13:262. [PMID: 40005629 PMCID: PMC11857469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) bestowed upon Mexico the status of a country free from canine-transmitted human rabies; however, the lingering public health challenge in the nation continues to be the sylvatic cycle of rabies. In Mexico, skunks play a significant role as reservoirs for four antigenic variants of the rabies virus. Nonetheless, up to this point, the specific skunk species involved in this cycle had not been accurately established. This study (2002-2022) aims to identify the taxonomy of skunk specimens diagnosed as rabies-positive in the state of Yucatan, in order to determine the species that serves as the reservoir for the Yucatan sylvatic lineage of rabies. This was achieved through the sequencing of an approximately 680 bp fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome B. All samples belong to the species Spilogale angustifrons yucatanensis. This discovery offers valuable information for understanding and managing the wildlife rabies cycle in Mexico. It also contributes to an improved understanding of the taxonomy within the genus Spilogale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Puebla-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Dirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico; (P.P.-R.); (J.C.D.M.); (I.L.-M.)
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de México 14510, Mexico
| | | | - Rocío Sánchez-Sánchez
- Instituto Traslacional de Singularidad Genómica, Irapuato 36615, Mexico; (O.P.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.D.-S.)
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Sánchez
- Instituto Traslacional de Singularidad Genómica, Irapuato 36615, Mexico; (O.P.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.D.-S.)
| | - Juan Carlos Del Mazo
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Dirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico; (P.P.-R.); (J.C.D.M.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Isaías Sauri-González
- Laboratorio Central Regional de Mérida, Comité Estatal para el Fomento y Protección Pecuaria del Estado de Yucatán S.C.P., Mérida 97130, Mexico; (I.S.-G.); (A.A.-G.)
| | - Adriana Alonzo-Góngora
- Laboratorio Central Regional de Mérida, Comité Estatal para el Fomento y Protección Pecuaria del Estado de Yucatán S.C.P., Mérida 97130, Mexico; (I.S.-G.); (A.A.-G.)
| | | | - Irma López-Martínez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Dirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico; (P.P.-R.); (J.C.D.M.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Nidia Aréchiga-Ceballos
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Dirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico; (P.P.-R.); (J.C.D.M.); (I.L.-M.)
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Pasciullo Boychuck S, Brenner LJ, Gagorik CN, Schamel JT, Baker S, Tran E, vonHoldt BM, Koepfli K, Maldonado JE, DeCandia AL. The gut microbiomes of Channel Island foxes and island spotted skunks exhibit fine-scale differentiation across host species and island populations. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11017. [PMID: 38362164 PMCID: PMC10867392 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
California's Channel Islands are home to two endemic mammalian carnivores: island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and island spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis amphiala). Although it is rare for two insular terrestrial carnivores to coexist, these known competitors persist on both Santa Cruz Island and Santa Rosa Island. We hypothesized that examination of their gut microbial communities would provide insight into the factors that enable this coexistence, as microbial symbionts often reflect host evolutionary history and contemporary ecology. Using rectal swabs collected from island foxes and island spotted skunks sampled across both islands, we generated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data to characterize their gut microbiomes. While island foxes and island spotted skunks both harbored the core mammalian microbiome, host species explained the largest proportion of variation in the dataset. We further identified intraspecific variation between island populations, with greater differentiation observed between more specialist island spotted skunk populations compared to more generalist island fox populations. This pattern may reflect differences in resource utilization following fine-scale niche differentiation. It may further reflect evolutionary differences regarding the timing of intraspecific separation. Considered together, this study contributes to the growing catalog of wildlife microbiome studies, with important implications for understanding how eco-evolutionary processes enable the coexistence of terrestrial carnivores-and their microbiomes-in island environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elton Tran
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Klaus‐Peter Koepfli
- Center for Species SurvivalSmithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Smithsonian‐Mason School of ConservationGeorge Mason UniversityFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Jesús E. Maldonado
- Center for Conservation GenomicsSmithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Alexandra L. DeCandia
- Biology, Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Center for Conservation GenomicsSmithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDCUSA
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3
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Zhang VY, Gagorik CN, Brenner LJ, Boser CL, Theimer TC, Buck CL. Interspecific Asymmetries in Behavioral Plasticity Drive Seasonal Patterns of Temporal Niche Partitioning in an Island Carnivore Community. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:998-1011. [PMID: 35803500 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals vary considerably in the amount of behavioral plasticity they exhibit in daily activity timing and temporal niche switching. It is not well understood how environmental factors drive changes in temporal activity or how interspecific differences in the plasticity of activity timing ultimately manifest in free-living animals. Here, we investigated the temporal structure and organization of activity patterns of two insular mammalian carnivores living in sympatry, the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) and island spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis amphiala). Using collar-mounted accelerometers, we assessed the plasticity of behavioral activity rhythms in foxes and skunks by investigating how environmental factors drive the distribution of locomotor activity across the day and year, and subsequently examined the dynamics of temporal niche overlap between the two species. We documented that foxes express phenotypic plasticity in daily activity timing across the year, ranging from nocturnal to diurnal to crepuscular rhythms depending on individual and time of year. Most notably, foxes increased the proportion of daytime activity as seasonal temperatures decreased. Overall, activity patterns of foxes were consistent with the circadian thermoenergetics hypothesis, which posits that animals that switch their patterns of activity do so to coincide with the most energetically favorable time of day. In contrast to foxes, skunks exhibited little behavioral plasticity, appearing strictly nocturnal across the year. While the duration of skunk activity bouts increased with the duration of night, timing of activity onset and offset extended into daytime hours during summer when the duration of darkness was shortest. Analysis of temporal niche overlap between foxes and skunks suggested that niche overlap was highest during summer and lowest during winter and was dictated primarily by temporal niche switching in foxes, rather than skunks. Collectively, our results highlight how interspecific asymmetries in behavioral plasticity drive dynamic patterns of temporal niche overlap within an island carnivore community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tad C Theimer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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5
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Bolas EC, Sollmann R, Crooks KR, Boydston EE, Shaskey L, Boser CL, Dillon A, Van Vuren DH. Role of microhabitat and temporal activity in facilitating coexistence of endemic carnivores on the California Channel Islands. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Most extinctions worldwide have occurred on islands, primarily due to interactions with exotic species, but rarely due to interactions among endemic species. This potential exists on two of the California Channel Islands, Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa, as endemic island spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis amphiala) appear to have rapidly declined to rarity, possibly due to interference competition with endemic island foxes (Urocyon littoralis). Niche partitioning is expected in response to interference competition; hence, it is surprising that skunks and foxes show extensive overlap in macrohabitat use and circadian activity. However, the role of microhabitat associations and fine-scale temporal activity in facilitating coexistence of the two species has not been explored. We evaluated microhabitat associations of island spotted skunks and island foxes across both islands using data from live traps and wildlife cameras collected during 2015–2017, and we analyzed fine-scale temporal activity using camera data from 2016 and 2017. On both islands, skunks had a positive response to ground-level cover provided by rugged topography or woody vegetation such as shrubs or trees, whereas foxes had a weak or negative response, suggesting partitioning of these microhabitat characteristics. Additionally, on both islands the peak in timing of skunk activity offset the peak for foxes, which implies that skunks use fine-scale adjustments in activity to avoid foxes. Past grazing by exotic herbivores likely reduced habitat refuges for skunks; however, as vegetation on both islands recovers, regrowth of shrubs and trees may provide cover that will improve prospects for coexistence of island spotted skunks and island foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Bolas
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin R Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 115 Wagar, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Laura Shaskey
- Channel Islands National Park, 1901 Spinnaker Drive, Ventura, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam Dillon
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 115 Wagar, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dirk H Van Vuren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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6
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Orrock JL, Abueg L, Gammie S, Munshi‐South J. Exome sequencing of deer mice on two California Channel Islands identifies potential adaptation to strongly contrasting ecological conditions. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17191-17201. [PMID: 34938502 PMCID: PMC8668806 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the forces that drive genotypic and phenotypic change in wild populations is a central goal of evolutionary biology. We examined exome variation in populations of deer mice from two of the California Channel Islands: Peromyscus maniculatus elusus from Santa Barbara Island and P. m. santacruzae from Santa Cruz Island exhibit significant differences in olfactory predator recognition, activity timing, aggressive behavior, morphology, prevalence of Sin Nombre virus, and population densities. We characterized variation in protein-coding regions using exome capture and sequencing of 25 mice from Santa Barbara Island and 22 mice from Santa Cruz Island. We identified and examined 386,256 SNPs using three complementary methods (BayeScan, pcadapt, and LFMM). We found strong differences in molecular variation between the two populations and 710 outlier SNPs in protein-coding genes that were detected by all three methods. We identified 35 candidate genes from this outlier set that were related to differences in phenotypes between island populations. Enrichment analyses demonstrated that patterns of molecular variation were associated with biological processes related to response to chemical stimuli and regulation of immune processes. Candidate genes associated with olfaction (Gfy, Tlr2, Vmn13r2, numerous olfactory receptor genes), circadian activity (Cry1), anxiety (Brca1), immunity (Cd28, Eif2ak4, Il12a, Syne1), aggression (Cyp19a, Lama2), and body size (Bc16, Syne1) exhibited non-synonymous mutations predicted to have moderate to large effects. Variation in olfaction-related genes, including a stop codon in the Santa Barbara Island population, suggests loss of predator-recognition traits at the molecular level, consistent with a lack of behavioral aversion to fox feces. These findings also suggest that divergent pathogen prevalence and population density may have influenced adaptive immunity and behavioral phenotypes, such as reduced aggression. Overall, our study indicates that ecological differences between islands are associated with signatures of selection in protein-coding genes underlying phenotypes that promote success in those environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Orrock
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Linelle Abueg
- Louis Calder Center – Biological Field StationFordham UniversityArmonkNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephen Gammie
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jason Munshi‐South
- Louis Calder Center – Biological Field StationFordham UniversityArmonkNew YorkUSA
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McDonough MM, Ferguson AW, Dowler RC, Gompper ME, Maldonado JE. Phylogenomic systematics of the spotted skunks (Carnivora, Mephitidae, Spilogale): Additional species diversity and Pleistocene climate change as a major driver of diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 167:107266. [PMID: 34302947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four species of spotted skunks (Carnivora, Mephitidae, Spilogale) are currently recognized: Spilogale angustifrons, S. gracilis, S. putorius, and S. pygmaea. Understanding species boundaries within this group is critical for effective conservation given that regional populations or subspecies (e.g., S. p. interrupta) have experienced significant population declines. Further, there may be currently unrecognized diversity within this genus as some taxa (e.g., S. angustifrons) and geographic regions (e.g., Central America) never have been assessed using DNA sequence data. We analyzed species limits and diversification patterns in spotted skunks using multilocus nuclear (ultraconserved elements) and mitochondrial (whole mitogenomes and single gene analysis) data sets from broad geographic sampling representing all currently recognized species and subspecies. We found a high degree of genetic divergence among Spilogale that reflects seven distinct species and eight unique mitochondrial lineages. Initial divergence between S. pygmaea and all other Spilogale occurred in the Early Pliocene (∼ 5.0 million years ago). Subsequent diversification of the remaining Spilogale into an "eastern" and a "western" lineage occurred during the Early Pleistocene (∼1.5 million years ago). These two lineages experienced temporally coincident patterns of diversification at ∼0.66 and ∼0.35 million years ago into two and ultimately three distinct evolutionary units, respectively. Diversification was confined almost entirely within the Pleistocene during a timeframe characterized by alternating glacial-interglacial cycles, with the origin of this diversity occurring in northeastern Mexico and the southwestern United States of America. Mitochondrial-nuclear discordance was recovered across three lineages in geographic regions consistent with secondary contact, including a distinct mitochondrial lineage confined to the Sonoran Desert. Our results have direct consequences for conservation of threatened populations, or species, as well as for our understanding of the evolution of delayed implantation in this enigmatic group of small carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M McDonough
- Chicago State University Department of Biological Sciences 9501 S. King Drive, WSC 290 Chicago, IL 60628-1598.
| | - Adam W Ferguson
- Gantz Family Collection Center Field Museum 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, IL 60605
| | - Robert C Dowler
- Department of Biology Angelo State University ASU Station 10890 San Angelo, TX 76909
| | - Matthew E Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Jesús E Maldonado
- Center for Conservation Genomics Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park PO Box 37012 MRC 5503 Washington, DC 20013
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Myers BM, Burns KJ, Clark CJ, Brelsford A. The population genetics of nonmigratory Allen's Hummingbird ( Selasphorus sasin sedentarius) following a recent mainland colonization. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1850-1865. [PMID: 33614008 PMCID: PMC7882939 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allen's Hummingbird comprises two subspecies, one migratory (Selasphorus sasin sasin) and one nonmigratory (S. s. sedentarius). The nonmigratory subspecies, previously endemic to the California Channel Islands, apparently colonized the California mainland on the Palos Verdes Peninsula some time before 1970 and now breeds throughout coastal southern California. We sequenced and compared populations of mainland nonmigratory Allen's Hummingbird to Channel Island populations from Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and Santa Cruz Island. We found no evidence of founder effects on the mainland population. Values of nucleotide diversity on the mainland were higher than on the Channel Islands. There were low levels of divergence between the Channel Islands and the mainland, and Santa Cruz Island was the most genetically distinct. Ecological niche models showed that rainfall and temperature variables on the Channel Islands are similar in the Los Angeles basin and predicted continued expansion of nonmigratory Allen's Hummingbird north along the coast and inland. We also reviewed previous genetic studies of vertebrate species found on the Channel Islands and mainland and showed that broad conclusions regarding island-mainland patterns remain elusive. Challenges include the idiosyncratic nature of colonization itself as well as the lack of a comprehensive approach that incorporates similar markers and sampling strategies across taxa, which, within the context of a comparative study of island-mainland relationships, may lead to inconsistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Myers
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Kevin J. Burns
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Christopher J. Clark
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologySpeith HallUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologySpeith HallUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
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Bolas EC, Sollmann R, Crooks KR, Shaskey L, Boser CL, Bakker VJ, Dillon A, Van Vuren DH. Assessing Methods for Detecting Island Spotted Skunks. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. Bolas
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California, Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California, Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Kevin R. Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 115 Wagar Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Laura Shaskey
- National Park Service, Channel Islands National Park 1901 Spinnaker Drive Ventura CA 93001 USA
| | | | | | - Adam Dillon
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 115 Wagar Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Dirk H. Van Vuren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California, Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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Mcglaughlin ME, Riley L, Helenurm K, Wallace LE. Does Channel Island Acmispon (Fabaceae) form cohesive evolutionary groups? WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn Riley
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069
| | - Kaius Helenurm
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069
| | - Lisa E. Wallace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
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11
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Shaffer AA, Dowler RC, Perkins JC, Ferguson AW, McDonough MM, Ammerman LK. Genetic variation in the eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) with emphasis on the plains spotted skunk (S. p. interrupta). J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert C Dowler
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - J Clint Perkins
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Adam W Ferguson
- Gantz Family Collection Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Molly M McDonough
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoo, Washington, DC, USA
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loren K Ammerman
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
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Adams NE, Dean MD, Pauly GB. Morphological Divergence among Populations ofXantusia riversiana,a Night Lizard Endemic to the Channel Islands of California. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-17-693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Rick TC, Sillett TS, Ghalambor CK, Hofman CA, Ralls K, Anderson RS, Boser CL, Braje TJ, Cayan DR, Chesser RT, Collins PW, Erlandson JM, Faulkner KR, Fleischer R, Funk WC, Galipeau R, Huston A, King J, Laughrin L, Maldonado J, McEachern K, Muhs DR, Newsome SD, Reeder-Myers L, Still C, Morrison SA. Ecological Change on California's Channel Islands from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. Bioscience 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hillman SS, Drewes RC, Hedrick MS, Hancock TV. Physiological vagility and its relationship to dispersal and neutral genetic heterogeneity in vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:3356-64. [PMID: 25013113 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vagility is the inherent power of movement by individuals. Vagility and the available duration of movement determine the dispersal distance individuals can move to interbreed, which affects the fine-scale genetic structure of vertebrate populations. Vagility and variation in population genetic structure are normally explained by geographic variation and not by the inherent power of movement by individuals. We present a new, quantitative definition for physiological vagility that incorporates aerobic capacity, body size, body temperature and the metabolic cost of transport, variables that are independent of the physical environment. Physiological vagility is the speed at which an animal can move sustainably based on these parameters. This meta-analysis tests whether this definition of physiological vagility correlates with empirical data for maximal dispersal distances and measured microsatellite genetic differentiation with distance {[F(ST)/[1-F(ST))]/ln distance} for amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals utilizing three locomotor modes (running, flying, swimming). Maximal dispersal distance and physiological vagility increased with body mass for amphibians, reptiles and mammals utilizing terrestrial movement. The relative slopes of these relationships indicate that larger individuals require longer movement durations to achieve maximal dispersal distances. Both physiological vagility and maximal dispersal distance were independent of body mass for flying vertebrates. Genetic differentiation with distance was greatest for terrestrial locomotion, with amphibians showing the greatest mean and variance in differentiation. Flying birds, flying mammals and swimming marine mammals showed the least differentiation. Mean physiological vagility of different groups (class and locomotor mode) accounted for 98% of the mean variation in genetic differentiation with distance in each group. Genetic differentiation with distance was not related to body mass. The physiological capacity for movement (physiological vagility) quantitatively predicts genetic isolation by distance in the vertebrates examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Hillman
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Robert C Drewes
- Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Michael S Hedrick
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| | - Thomas V Hancock
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Robertson JM, Langin KM, Sillett TS, Morrison SA, Ghalambor CK, Funk WC. Identifying Evolutionarily Significant Units and Prioritizing Populations for Management on Islands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3398/042.007.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jones KL, Van Vuren DH, McEachern MB, Crooks KR, Dragoo JW, May B. Spatial and Genetic Organization of the Island Spotted Skunk,Spilogale gracilis amphiala. SOUTHWEST NAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-58.4.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Harris NC, Coonan TJ, King JL, Dunn RR. Endemism in host-parasite interactions among island populations of an endangered species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nyeema C. Harris
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; 27607; USA
| | - Timothy J. Coonan
- Channel Islands National Park; National Park Service; Ventura; CA; USA
| | - Julie L. King
- Santa Catalina Island Conservancy; Catalina Island; Avalon; CA; USA
| | - Robert R. Dunn
- Department of Biology and Keck Behavioral Biology Group; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; 27607; USA
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