1
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Schou CPE, Levengood AL, Potvin DA. Limited effects of traffic noise on behavioural responses to conspecific mating calls in the eastern sedge frog Litoria fallax. Acta Ethol 2021; 24:217-226. [PMID: 34366558 PMCID: PMC8335461 DOI: 10.1007/s10211-021-00378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a pervasive environmental feature across both urban and non-urban habitats and presents a novel challenge especially for acoustically communicating species. While it is known that some species adjust acoustic signals to communicate more effectively in noisy habitats, we know very little about how the receivers of these signals might be impacted by anthropogenic noise. Here, we investigated female and male Litoria fallax frogs’ ability to distinguish between high- and low-quality acoustic signals during the presence of background traffic noise and without. We performed a controlled behavioural experiment whereby frogs were presented with simultaneously broadcasted attractive and unattractive calls from opposing directions, once with background traffic noise and once without. We found that females in particular chose the unattractive call significantly more often (and males significantly less often) when noise was being broadcast. This indicates that anthropogenic noise potentially affects receiver responses to acoustic signals, even when calls are not acoustically masked, with potential consequences for maladaptive mating behaviours and population outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine P E Schou
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, QLD Australia
| | - Alexis L Levengood
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, QLD Australia
| | - Dominique A Potvin
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, QLD Australia
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2
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Centeno FC, Vivancos A, Andrade DV. Reproductive Biology and Sexual Dimorphism in Bokermannohyla alvarengai (Anura: Hylidae). HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-19-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C. Centeno
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Aurélien Vivancos
- Unidad de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Denis V. Andrade
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
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3
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Fea MP, Boisseau RP, Emlen DJ, Holwell GI. Cybernetic combatants support the importance of duels in the evolution of extreme weapons. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200254. [PMID: 32517625 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A current evolutionary hypothesis predicts that the most extreme forms of animal weaponry arise in systems where combatants fight each other one-to-one, in duels. It has also been suggested that arms races in human interstate conflicts are more likely to escalate in cases where there are only two opponents. However, directly testing whether duels matter for weapon investment is difficult in animals and impossible in interstate conflicts. Here, we test whether superior combatants experience a disproportionate advantage in duels, as compared with multi-combatant skirmishes, in a system analogous to both animal and military contests: the battles fought by artificial intelligence agents in a computer war game. We found that combatants with experimentally improved fighting power had a large advantage in duels, but that this advantage deteriorated as the complexity of the battlefield was increased by the addition of further combatants. This pattern remained under the two different forms of the advantage granted to our focal artificial intelligence (AI) combatants, and became reversed when we switched the roles to feature a weak focal AI among strong opponents. Our results suggest that one-on-one combat may trigger arms races in diverse systems. These results corroborate the outcomes of studies of both animal and interstate contests, and suggest that elements of animal contest theory may be widely applicable to arms races generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray P Fea
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Romain P Boisseau
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Douglas J Emlen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Gregory I Holwell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Rico-Guevara A, Hurme KJ. Intrasexually selected weapons. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:60-101. [PMID: 29924496 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we term intrasexually selected weapons (ISWs). We present a treatise of ISWs in nature, aiming to understand their distinction and evolution from other secondary sex traits, including from 'sexually selected weapons', and from sexually dimorphic and monomorphic weaponry. We focus on the subset of secondary sex traits that are the result of same-sex combat, defined here as ISWs, provide not previously reported evolutionary patterns, and offer hypotheses to answer questions such as: why have only some species evolved weapons to fight for the opposite sex or breeding resources? We examined traits that seem to have evolved as ISWs in the entire animal phylogeny, restricting the classification of ISW to traits that are only present or enlarged in adults of one of the sexes, and are used as weapons during intrasexual fights. Because of the absence of behavioural data and, in many cases, lack of sexually discriminated series from juveniles to adults, we exclude the fossil record from this review. We merge morphological, ontogenetic, and behavioural information, and for the first time thoroughly review the tree of life to identify separate evolution of ISWs. We found that ISWs are only found in bilateral animals, appearing independently in nematodes, various groups of arthropods, and vertebrates. Our review sets a reference point to explore other taxa that we identify with potential ISWs for which behavioural or morphological studies are warranted. We establish that most ISWs come in pairs, are located in or near the head, are endo- or exoskeletal modifications, are overdeveloped structures compared with those found in females, are modified feeding structures and/or locomotor appendages, are most common in terrestrial taxa, are frequently used to guard females, territories, or both, and are also used in signalling displays to deter rivals and/or attract females. We also found that most taxa lack ISWs, that females of only a few species possess better-developed weapons than males, that the cases of independent evolution of ISWs are not evenly distributed across the phylogeny, and that animals possessing the most developed ISWs have non-hunting habits (e.g. herbivores) or are faunivores that prey on very small prey relative to their body size (e.g. insectivores). Bringing together perspectives from studies on a variety of taxa, we conceptualize that there are five ways in which a sexually dimorphic trait, apart from the primary sex traits, can be fixed: sexual selection, fecundity selection, parental role division, differential niche occupation between the sexes, and interference competition. We discuss these trends and the factors involved in the evolution of intrasexually selected weaponry in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rico-Guevara
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06269, U.S.A.,Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Código Postal 11001, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Kristiina J Hurme
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06269, U.S.A
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5
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Magalhães RFD, Lacerda JVA, Reis LDP, Garcia PCA, Pinheiro PDP. Sexual Dimorphism in Bokermannohyla martinsi (Bokermann, 1964) (Anura, Hylidae) with a Report of Male–Male Combat. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Félix de Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Victor A. Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luísa de Paula Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Christiano A. Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Durães P. Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas — Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 13506900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Dittrich C, Rodríguez A, Segev O, Drakulić S, Feldhaar H, Vences M, Rödel MO. Temporal migration patterns and mating tactics influence size-assortative mating in Rana temporaria. Behav Ecol 2018; 29:418-428. [PMID: 29622935 PMCID: PMC5873255 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assortative mating is a common pattern in sexually reproducing species, but the mechanisms leading to assortment remain poorly understood. By using the European common frog (Rana temporaria) as a model, we aim to understand the mechanisms leading to size-assortative mating in amphibians. With data from natural populations collected over several years, we first show a consistent pattern of size-assortative mating across our 2 study populations. We subsequently ask if assortative mating may be explained by mate availability due to temporal segregation of migrating individuals with specific sizes. With additional experiments, we finally assess whether size-assortative mating is adaptive, i.e. influenced by mating competition among males, or by reduced fertilization in size-mismatched pairs. We find that size-assortative mating is in accordance with differences in mate availability during migration, where larger individuals of both sexes reach breeding ponds earlier than smaller individuals. We observe an indiscriminate mate choice behavior of small males and an advantage of larger males pairing with females during scramble competition. The tactic of small males, to be faster and less discriminative than large males, may increase their chances to get access to females. Experimental tests indicate that the fertilization success is not affected by size assortment. However, since female fecundity is highly correlated with body size, males preferring larger females should maximize their number of offspring. Therefore, we conclude that in this frog species mate choice is more complex than formerly believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dittrich
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariel Rodríguez
- TU Braunschweig, Zoologisches Institut, Evolutionsbiologie, Braunschweig, Germany
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Zoology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ori Segev
- University of Haifa, Faculty of Science, Institute of Evolution, Community Ecology Lab, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sanja Drakulić
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Population Ecology, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- TU Braunschweig, Zoologisches Institut, Evolutionsbiologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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7
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Chen W, Hudson CM, DeVore JL, Shine R. Sex and weaponry: The distribution of toxin-storage glands on the bodies of male and female cane toads ( Rhinella marina). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8950-8957. [PMID: 29152190 PMCID: PMC5677481 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parotoid macroglands of bufonid anurans store (and can expel) large volumes of toxic secretions and have attracted detailed research. However, toxins also are stored in smaller glands that are distributed on the limbs and dorsal surface of the body. Female and male cane toads (Rhinella marina) differ in the location of toxin‐storage glands and the extent of glandular structures. Female toads store a larger proportion of their toxins in the parotoids than males as well as (to a lesser extent) in smaller glands on the forelimbs. Males have smaller and more elongate parotoids than females, but glands cover more of the skin surface on their limbs (especially hindlimbs) and dorsal surface. The delay to toxin exudation in response to electrostimulation varied among glands in various parts of the body, and did so differently in males than in females. The spatial distribution of toxin glands differs between the sexes even in toads that have been raised under standardized conditions in captivity; hence, the sexual dimorphism is due to heritable factors rather than developmentally plastic responses to ecological (e.g., habitat, predation risk) differences between the sexes. The selective advantages of this sexual dimorphism remain unclear. A priori, we might expect to see toxin widely dispersed across any part of the body likely to be contacted by a predator; and a wide distribution also would be expected if the gland secretions have other (e.g., male–male rivalry) functions. Why, then, is toxin concentrated in the parotoids, especially in female toads? That concentration may enhance the effectiveness of frontal displays to deter predation and also may facilitate the transfer of stored toxins to eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia.,Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Normal University Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Cameron M Hudson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Jayna L DeVore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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8
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Guayasamin JM, Krynak T, Krynak K, Culebras J, Hutter CR. Phenotypic plasticity raises questions for taxonomically important traits: a remarkable new Andean rainfrog (Pristimantis) with the ability to change skin texture. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Guayasamin
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático - BioCamb; Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica; Av. Machala y Sabanilla Quito Ecuador
| | - Tim Krynak
- Cleveland Metroparks; Cleveland OH 44144 USA
| | | | - Jaime Culebras
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático - BioCamb; Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica; Av. Machala y Sabanilla Quito Ecuador
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045-7561 USA
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9
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Lambertz M, Hartmann T, Walsh S, Geissler P, McLeod DS. Anatomy, histology, and systematic implications of the head ornamentation in the males of four species ofLimnonectes(Anura: Dicroglossidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lambertz
- Institut für Zoologie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Poppelsdorfer Schloss; 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Timo Hartmann
- Sektion Herpetologie; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Shannon Walsh
- University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute; 1345 Jayhawk Blvd. Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Peter Geissler
- Sektion Herpetologie; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - David S. McLeod
- University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute; 1345 Jayhawk Blvd. Lawrence Kansas USA
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10
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Yu TL, Wang LM. Mate Choice and Mechanical Constraint on Size-Assortative Paring Success in a Simultaneous Hermaphroditic Pond SnailRadix lagotis(Gastropoda: Pulmonata) on the Tibetan Plateau. Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lei Yu
- Department of Zoology; College of Life Science; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang China
| | - Li Ming Wang
- Department of Zoology; College of Life Science; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang China
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11
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Lu X, Ma X, Li Y, Fan L. Breeding behavior and mating system in relation to body size in Rana chensinensis, a temperate frog endemic to northern China. J ETHOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-008-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Rao DQ, Wilkinson JA. Phylogenetic relationships of the mustache toads inferred from mtDNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 46:61-73. [PMID: 18024176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Species of the genus Vibrissaphora are unique among all anurans in that males exhibit external cornified spines in the maxillary region during the breeding season. They were separated from species of the genus Leptobrachium based on this unique character. We construct a phylogeny using the 16S, ND4, and cytochrome b mitochondrial genes of 42 individuals from eight species of Vibrissaphora and five species of Leptobrachium from mainland China, Southeast Asia, and Hainan Island. Species of both Oreolalax and Scutiger were used as outgroups. The results indicate that: L. huashen and L. chapaense form a clade that is nested within Vibrissaphora, and L. hainanense is the sister taxon to the clade comprising all Vibrissaphora plus L. chapaense and L. huashen; V. boringiae is grouped with a clade consisting of V. leishanensis, V. liui, and V. yaoshanensis; and V. yaoshanensis is a species separate from V. liui. We propose taxonomic changes that reflect these findings. Also based on the resulting phylogenetic trees, we propose that the mustache toads originated in the trans-Himalayan region of southwest China, and that the evolution of maxillary spines, large body size, and reverse sexual size dimorphism in these frogs was influenced by intrasexual selection due to adopting a resource-defense polygyny mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Qi Rao
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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13
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Tsuji H. REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY AND MATING SUCCESS OF MALE LIMNONECTES KUHLII, A FANGED FROG FROM TAIWAN. HERPETOLOGICA 2004. [DOI: 10.1655/02-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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