[The assessment of the efficacy of citicoline in the early and recovery stages of stroke]

Advances in nanomedicines: a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic cerebral stroke treatment

Ischemic stroke, prevalent among the elderly, necessitates attention to reperfusion injury post treatment. Limited drug access to the brain, owing to the blood-brain barrier, restricts clinical applications. Identifying efficient drug carriers capable of penetrating this barrier is crucial. Blood-brain barrier transporters play a vital role in nutrient transport to the brain. Recently, nanoparticles emerged as drug carriers, enhancing drug permeability via surface-modified ligands. This article introduces the blood-brain barrier structure, elucidates reperfusion injury pathogenesis, compiles ischemic stroke treatment drugs, explores nanomaterials for drug encapsulation and emphasizes their advantages over conventional drugs. Utilizing nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems offers targeting and efficiency benefits absent in traditional drugs. The prospects for nanomedicine in stroke treatment are promising.

[Recognan (citicoline) prescribing in cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients]

In a number of clinical studies, Recognan (citicoline) has demonstrated its effectiveness in patients with ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, cognitive disorders of various origins, in the complex therapy of asthenic and anxiety-depressive disorders, showing neuroprotective and neuropreparative properties. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on citicoline appointment in the complex therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). In experimental (induced DM2) and clinical studies of patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and DM2, the effectiveness of Recogan (citicoline) against diabetic retinopathy and diabetic polyneuropathy in more significant clinical changes and negative dynamics absence of important laboratory parameters (blood glucose levels) in acute and stroke recovery periods in patients with DM2. The analysis of research materials allows Recogan to recommend to patients with CVD and DM2.

[Recognan (citicoline) efficacy and safety in cognitive impairment correction of various nosological forms]

Insufficiency of a choline derivative (acetylcholine) can lead to the development of cognitive impairment (CI). One of the most well-known and well-studied medical drugs (MD) containing choline and having neuroprotective properties is citicoline (Recognan). A number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Recognan in relation to mild CI, chronic cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), acute vascular disorders (including post-traumatic genesis). Recognan improves memory and other cognitive functions in healthy young people against the background of asthenia due to stress or increased cognitive and emotional stress or infection, and also has a preventive effect on fading cognitive functions in the process of age-related changes. The duration of neuroprotection can reach 6 months or more - up to 12 months, depending on the patient's condition. Therapy regimens include two-stage Recognan prescribing: with CVD intramuscularly (i/m) at 1000 mg /d for 30 days, in the acute period of ischemic stroke, i/m or intravenously (i/v) at 1000 mg every 12 hours from the first day after diagnosis, 3-5 days after the start of therapy, with preservation functions of swallowing, it is possible to switch to per oral (p/o) drug administration.

[Neuroprotectors in the correction of cognitive impairment]

The main groups of neuroprotectors, which are active in preventing the processes of the death of the nerve cells of vascular, traumatic, toxic and other etiologies and can decrease the severity of cognitive impairment, include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, preparations based on ginkgo biloba, group B vitamins, folic acid. Preparations based on ginkgo biloba have the same effect as synthetic nootropics. The antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects of neuroprotectors are highlighted. In view of practical applications, attention is given to the advantages of the combinations of different neuroprotectors. Cerebrovin as one of these drugs can be recommended for treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly.