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Karkashadze GA, Namazova-Baranova LS, Yatsik LM, Gordeeva OB, Vishneva EA, Efendieva KE, Kaytukova EV, Sukhanova NV, Sergienko NS, Nesterova JV, Kondratova SE, Fatakhova MT, Pashkov AV, Naumova IV, Zelenkova IV, Gankovskiy VA, Gubanova SG, Leonova EV, Pankova AR, Alexeeva AA, Bushueva DA, Gogberashvili TY, Kratko DS, Sadilloeva SH, Sergeeva NE, Kurakina MA, Konstantinidi TA, Povalyaeva IA, Soloshenko MA, Slipka MI, Altunin VV, Rykunova AI, Salimgareeva TA, Prudnikov PA, Ulkina NA, Firumyantc AI, Shilko NS, Kazanceva JE. Levels of Neurospecific Peptides, Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptor Markers in the Serum of Children with Various Sensory Disorders, Mild Cognitive Impairments and Other Neuropathology. PEDIATRIC PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.15690/pf.v19i6.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background. The role of recently discovered neurospecific peptides in the pathogenesis of acute and progressive neurologic disorders, their neuroprotective features, and possibilities to use them as markers for the course and prognosis of certain diseases have been actively studied in recent decades. However, neurospecific peptides are almost not studied in chronic residual diseases. In our study we measured the levels of neurospecific peptides and some other markers to achieve understanding of general neurophysiological trends in congenital and acquired chronic non-progressive brain pathology with reference to the selection of relevant groups — study objects. Objective. The aim of the study is to study patterns of neurospecific peptides, neurotransmitters and neuroreceptor markers distribution in the serum of children with various pathogenetic variants of chronic neuropathology. Methods. The study included children from 3 to 16 years old with different pathologies. The sample was divided into groups by pathology type: no sensory and neurological disorders, congenital sensory deficit due to mutation of genes expressed and not expressed in the brain, early acquired sensory deficit of multifactorial nature, congenital mild and severe organic disorders of central nervous system (CNS) in residual stage without baseline sensory deficit, acquired functional CNS disorders without baseline organic defect and sensory deficit. The following laboratory data (neurophysiological components) was studied: nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotropic factor, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4, neuregulin-1-beta-1, beta-secretase, sirtuin-1, synaptophysin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and anti-NR2 glutamate receptor antibodies. The parameters of cognitive activity, sense of vision, sense of smell, and acoustic sense were also evaluated. Results. The study included 274 participants. Neuropeptides and markers have shown a variable degree and range in the group spectrum of differences from normal levels. The most variable in the examined sample was NO-synthase, as well as levels of both neurotrophins, beta-secretase, and glutamate receptor marker. All visual deficits were associated with increased NO-synthase levels (p < 0.001). Neuroplasticity peptides (beta-secretase, neurotrophin-3 and 4) have been activated in all pathological conditions. Nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotropic factor were specifically activated in mild organic CNS lesions (mild cognitive impairments), while neuregulin — in congenital genetically determined visual deficits. There was no specific activation of neuropeptides and NO-synthase level tended to decrease in cases of severe CNS lesions. Conclusion. The study results suggest that all types of early visual impairment are associated with increased physiological neuronal activity, and non-organic neurological functional disorders — mainly with increased physiological synaptic activity. General neuroplasticity processes were activated in all cases of visual deficits but more specific. However, more specific and well-studied processes were activated in mild organic CNS lesions, and neuroplasticity processes did not activate adequately in severe organic CNS lesions probably due to the limited neuronal and synaptic resources.
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Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Properties of Dimeric Dipeptide Mimetics of Individual NGF and BDNF Loops Under Conditions of an Experimental Ischemic Stroke Model. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gudasheva TA, Povarnina PY, Tarasiuk AV, Seredenin SB. Low-molecular mimetics of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Design and pharmacological properties. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:2746-2774. [PMID: 32808322 DOI: 10.1002/med.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of the clinical use of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), scientists have been trying to create their low-molecular-weight mimetics having improved pharmacokinetic properties and lacking side effects of full-sized proteins since the 90s of the last century. The efforts of various research groups have led to the production of peptide and nonpeptide mimetics, being agonists or modulators of the corresponding Trk or p75 receptors that reproduced the therapeutic effects of full-sized proteins. This review discusses different strategies and approaches to the design of such compounds. The relationship between the structure of the mimetics obtained and their action mechanisms and pharmacological properties are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the dipeptide mimetics of individual NGF and BDNF loops having different patterns of activation of Trk receptors signal transduction pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which allowed to evaluate the contribution of each pathway to different pharmacological effects. In conclusion, data on therapeutically promising compounds being at different stages of preclinical and clinical studies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Gudasheva
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Y Povarnina
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksey V Tarasiuk
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey B Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Gudasheva TA, Povarnina PY, Volkova AA, Kruglov SV, Antipova TA, Seredenin SB. A Nerve Growth Factor Dipeptide Mimetic Stimulates Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis in the Hippocampus and Striatum of Adult Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:31-37. [PMID: 31720014 PMCID: PMC6826148 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-3-31-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nerve growth factor (NGF) and its mimetics, which have neuroprotective and
neuroregenerative properties, are attractive candidates for developing new
drugs for brain injury therapy. A dipeptide mimetic of NGF loop 4,
bis(N-succinyl-L-glutamyl-L-lysine) hexamethylenediamide (GK-2), developed at
the Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, has the NGF-like ability to
activate TrkA receptors, but unlike NGF, GK-2 activates mainly the PI3K/AKT
pathway associated with neuroprotection and has no effect on the MAPK cascade
associated with hyperalgesia, the main side effect of NGF. That GK-2 possesses
neuroprotective activity has been observed in various models of cerebral
ischemia. GK-2 was found to statistically significantly reduce the cerebral
infarct volume in experimental stroke, even at treatment onset 24 h after
injury. This suggests that GK-2 possesses neuroregenerative properties, which
may be associated with the activation of neurogenesis and/or synaptogenesis. We
studied the effect of GK-2 on neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in experimental
ischemic stroke caused by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in
rats. GK-2 was administered 6 or 24 h after surgery and then once a day for 7
days. One day after the last administration, proliferative activity in the
hippocampus and striatum of the affected hemisphere was assessed using Ki67 and
synaptogenesis in the striatum was evaluated using synaptophysin and PSD-95.
Ki67 immunoreactivity, both in the striatum and in the hippocampus of the
ischemic rats, was found to have dropped by approximately 30% compared to that
in the sham-operated controls. Synaptic markers - synaptophysin and PSD-95 -
were also statistically significantly reduced, by 14 and 29%, respectively.
GK-2 in both administration schedules completely restored the level of Ki67
immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and promoted its increase in the striatum.
In addition, GK-2 restored the level of the postsynaptic marker PSD-95, with
the therapeutic effect amounting to 70% at the start of its administration
after 6 h, and promoted restoration of the level of this marker at the start of
administration 24 h after an experimental stroke. GK-2 had no effect on the
synaptophysin level. These findings suggest that the neurotrophin mimetic GK-2,
which mainly activates one of the main Trk receptor signaling pathways PI3K/
AKT, has a stimulating effect on neurogenesis (and, probably, gliogenesis) and
synaptogenesis in experimental cerebral ischemia. This effect may explain the
protective effect observed at the start of dipeptide administration 24 h after
stroke simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Gudasheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskay Str. 8 , Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - P. Yu. Povarnina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskay Str. 8 , Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - A. A. Volkova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskay Str. 8 , Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - S. V. Kruglov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskay Str. 8 , Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - T. A. Antipova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskay Str. 8 , Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - S. B. Seredenin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskay Str. 8 , Moscow, 125315, Russia
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