[Microbiocenosis of subgingival biofilm and intestinal content in chronic periodontal disease in patients with metabolic syndrome]

[Clinical and morphological picture of chronic tonsillitis and its pathogenetic relationship with periodontal diseases: literature review]

The article is devoted to the study of chronic tonsillitis from the point of view of the clinical and morphological picture of the disease, histological changes in the palatine tonsils in various forms of CT. The authors raise the question of studying the assessment of the effect of conservative therapy on the morpho-functional state of the palatine tonsils. The article focuses on the study and influence of extratonsillary oropharyngeal loci of focal infection, such as periodontopathies, on the course of chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils. The association of periodontitis with CT and various somatic diseases has been demonstrated. The necessity of further study of the cause-and-effect relationships of CT and periodontal diseases, as well as a more in-depth study of the morphological picture in CT using immunohistochemical methods of research, which will allow us to develop new principles for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, is justified.

[Influence of gender, age and metabolic factors on the course of chronic generalized periodontitis in patients with metabolic syndrome]

In a study of 537 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, depending on gender, age and metabolic factors, it was found that with increasing of body mass index (BMI) symptoms of chronic generalized periodontitis is becoming more unfavorable, there is a close positive relationship between the severity of chronic generalized periodontitis and BMI. Patients' with BMI ≥40 kg/m² in 80% of cases, periodontitis was characterized by severe course. It was found that the gender of the patient becomes relevant only with correlation of age and BMI. It was proved that for the most accurate prognosis of chronic generalized periodontitis, patient's sex, age and BMI should be taken into consideration. The developed model for predicting the course of chronic generalized periodontitis depending on the sex, age and metabolic factors of a particular patient, allows to monitor the dynamics of the disease in time.

Can oral bacteria affect the microbiome of the gut?

Oral bacteria spreading through the body have been associated with a number of systemic diseases. The gut is no exception. Studies in animals and man have indicated that oral bacteria can translocate to the gut and change its microbiota and possibly immune defense. The ectopic displacement of oral bacteria particularly occurs in severe systemic diseases, but also in patients with “chronic” periodontitis. Thus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, which creates dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiota and immune defense, may also cause dysregulation in the gut. A dysbiotic gut microbiota may cause diseases elsewhere in the body. The fact that “chronic” periodontitis may affect the gut microbiota could imply that consideration might in the future be given to a coordinated approach to the treatment of periodontitis and gastrointestinal disease. This area of investigation, which is in its infancy, may represent another pathway for oral bacteria to cause systemic diseases and deserves more research.

[Changes in proinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, depending on gender and age]

In a study of 537 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (MS) depending on age and gender, it was found that the increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in the content of periodontal pockets correlated with the severity of chronic generalized periodontitis and MS. For these cytokines, there was a clear gender relationship: women had higher levels in periodontal pocket content than men. For IL-1β and IL-4 cytokines, there is no coupling between the severity of the damage and the level of cytokines in the periodontal pocket. The developed model for calculating the risk of chronic generalized periodontitis depending on the level of TNF-α in the patient's periodontal pockets allows predicting and monitoring the dynamics of the disease.