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Andres S, Bartling B, Stiensmeier V, Starke A, Schmicke M. Comparative cryopreservation of bovine and porcine primary hepatocytes. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1211135. [PMID: 37614462 PMCID: PMC10442649 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1211135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of primary hepatocytes from liver tissue of farm animals yields a very high number of cells, and a part of them can be stored by cryopreservation for future experiments. As no experience exists with the cryopreservation of hepatocytes from cattle, our study aimed at the cryopreservation of bovine hepatocytes by use of different protocols compared with the cryopreservation of hepatocytes from pig. We tested different freezing media (William's Medium E vs. University of Wisconsin solution), cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide with vs. without trehalose as additional additive), freezing systems (standard freezing container vs. controlled-rate freezer) and freezing times (4 vs. 28 d). These tests identified a general influence of species and freezing systems, whereas the influence of freezing media, trehalose additive and freezing time was less or not obvious. In this regard, we determined a mean recovery of 30% of bovine hepatocytes and 55% of porcine hepatocytes cryopreserved in a controlled-rate freezer, whereas the rates were about 10% less when hepatocytes were frozen in a standard freezing container. In accordance with this observation, the cultivation of cryopreserved hepatocytes from cattle was less effective than that of porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from cattle can be successfully cryopreserved and partially cultured after cryopreservation but with lower percentage than porcine hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Andres
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Babett Bartling
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vera Stiensmeier
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Starke
- Department for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marion Schmicke
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Health Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Testroet E, Choudhary S, Choudhary R, Beitz D, Du M. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and palmitate simulate bovine fatty liver disease in vitro when using abattoir-derived primary bovine hepatocytes isolated by a novel nonperfusion method. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:456-461. [PMID: 36465509 PMCID: PMC9709595 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipidosis (i.e., fatty liver) is a common periparturient disease in high-producing dairy cattle affecting nearly 50% of cows to some degree and costing an estimated 60 million dollars annually. Large animal studies are costly, labor intensive, and are not well suited to mechanistic studies. Traditionally, mechanistic studies employ in vitro methodologies, utilizing established cell lines or primary cell culture methods. However, with dairy cattle, established hepatic cell lines do not exist, and methods for primary cell culture studies typically involve complicated procedures that often utilize very young animals (typically bull calves). Several previously published papers have used abattoir-derived tissues as a source of primary cells; however, a simple method utilizing simple culture media has yet to be presented. In addition, we sought to develop a way to replicate the syndrome of fatty liver disease "in a dish" using adult cattle that should more closely represent the physiology of the periparturient dairy cow. Herein we present a non-perfusion-based method that results in robust growth and proliferation of abattoir-derived bovine hepatocytes that demonstrate lipid loading, elevated lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and cytotoxicity as demonstrated by elevated caspase 3/7 expression consistent with in vivo physiology of the periparturient dairy cow with fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.D. Testroet
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05446
| | - S. Choudhary
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05446
| | - R.K. Choudhary
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05446
| | - D.C. Beitz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M. Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99163
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Stiensmeier V, Schmicke M. Brief Research Report: Effect of Triiodothyronine on Hepatic Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Primary Bovine Hepatocytes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:882102. [PMID: 35782551 PMCID: PMC9247500 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, triiodothyronine (T3) was found to be lower in cows with ketosis and an effect of T3 on Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) expression is described, e. g., in a human hepatoma cell line. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether T3 affects GHR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in a well-established bovine hepatocyte model. Hepatocytes were kept in a sandwich culture and stimulated for 6 days with constant (10 μg/ml) or decreasing (from 10 to 5 μg/ml) T3 concentrations, and GHR, as well as IGF-1 mRNA expression, was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We could confirm in vitro that T3 has a stimulatory effect on GHR1A mRNA expression.
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Fráguas-Eggenschwiler M, Eggenschwiler R, Söllner JH, Cortnumme L, Vondran FWR, Cantz T, Ott M, Niemann H. Direct conversion of porcine primary fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9334. [PMID: 33927320 PMCID: PMC8085017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig is an important model organism for biomedical research, mainly due to its extensive genetic, physiological and anatomical similarities with humans. Until date, direct conversion of somatic cells into hepatocyte-like cells (iHeps) has only been achieved in rodents and human cells. Here, we employed lentiviral vectors to screen a panel of 12 hepatic transcription factors (TF) for their potential to convert porcine fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells. We demonstrate for the first time, hepatic conversion of porcine somatic cells by over-expression of CEBPα, FOXA1 and HNF4α2 (3TF-piHeps). Reprogrammed 3TF-piHeps display a hepatocyte-like morphology and show functional characteristics of hepatic cells, including albumin secretion, Dil-AcLDL uptake, storage of lipids and glycogen and activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP2C33 (CYP2C9 in humans). Moreover, we show that markers of mature hepatocytes are highly expressed in 3TF-piHeps, while fibroblastic markers are reduced. We envision piHeps as useful cell sources for future studies on drug metabolism and toxicity as well as in vitro models for investigation of pig-to-human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Fráguas-Eggenschwiler
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Reto Eggenschwiler
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny-Helena Söllner
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Leon Cortnumme
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
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Godoy P, Schmidt-Heck W, Hellwig B, Nell P, Feuerborn D, Rahnenführer J, Kattler K, Walter J, Blüthgen N, Hengstler JG. Assessment of stem cell differentiation based on genome-wide expression profiles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0221. [PMID: 29786556 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, protocols have been established to differentiate stem and precursor cells into more mature cell types. However, progress in this field has been hampered by difficulties to assess the differentiation status of stem cell-derived cells in an unbiased manner. Here, we present an analysis pipeline based on published data and methods to quantify the degree of differentiation and to identify transcriptional control factors explaining differences from the intended target cells or tissues. The pipeline requires RNA-Seq or gene array data of the stem cell starting population, derived 'mature' cells and primary target cells or tissue. It consists of a principal component analysis to represent global expression changes and to identify possible problems of the dataset that require special attention, such as: batch effects; clustering techniques to identify gene groups with similar features; over-representation analysis to characterize biological motifs and transcriptional control factors of the identified gene clusters; and metagenes as well as gene regulatory networks for quantitative cell-type assessment and identification of influential transcription factors. Possibilities and limitations of the analysis pipeline are illustrated using the example of human embryonic stem cell and human induced pluripotent cells to generate 'hepatocyte-like cells'. The pipeline quantifies the degree of incomplete differentiation as well as remaining stemness and identifies unwanted features, such as colon- and fibroblast-associated gene clusters that are absent in real hepatocytes but typically induced by currently available differentiation protocols. Finally, transcription factors responsible for incomplete and unwanted differentiation are identified. The proposed method is widely applicable and allows an unbiased and quantitative assessment of stem cell-derived cells.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Godoy
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology eV-Hans-Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Birte Hellwig
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick Nell
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Feuerborn
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Kattler
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Highlight report: quality control of stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2409-2410. [PMID: 29968160 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Albrecht W. Highlight report: prediction of drug induced liver injury (DILI) with human hepatocytes in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:4021-4022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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