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Liu Y, Shi Y, Zou J, Zhang X, Zhai B, Guo D, Sun J, Luan F. Extraction, purification, structural features, biological activities, modifications, and applications from Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129193. [PMID: 38191106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz), as a famous medicinal and edible plant, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, diuresis, and resolving masses. Phytochemistry investigations revealed that T. mongolicum has various bioactive ingredients, mainly including flavonoids, sterols, polysaccharides, phenolic acids and volatile oils. There is growing evidence have shown that the polysaccharides from T. mongolicum (TMPs) are a class of representative pharmacologically bioactive macromolecules with a variety of biological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic, anti-bacterial, regulation of intestinal microbial, and anti-fatigue activities, etc. Additionally, the structural modification and potential applications of TMPs were also outlined. The present review aims to comprehensively and systematically collate the recent research progress on extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, mechanism of action, structural modification, and potential industry applications of TMPs to support their therapeutic potential and health care functions. Overall, the present review provides a theoretical overview for further development and utilization of TMPs in the fields of pharmaceutical and health food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Cai T, Cai B. Network pharmacology and molecular docking reveal potential mechanism of esculetin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35852. [PMID: 37960728 PMCID: PMC10637478 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of the colonic mucosa. Esculetin is a type of natural coumarin that has many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. A previous study showed that esculetin improved intestinal inflammation and reduced serum proinflammatory cytokines in UC. The present study aimed to utilize network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of esculetin against UC. The potential gene targets of esculetin were predicted through SwissTargetPrediction and Super-PRED web servers. UC-related genes were obtained from DisGeNet, OMIM, and GeneCards databases. The overlap between gene targets of esculetin and UC-related genes were identified as the potential targets of esculetin against UC. The interaction between these overlapping genes was analyzed by the STRING database and the core genes were identified by Cytoscape platform. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of the core genes were then performed. And the results of these analyses were further confirmed through molecular docking. A total of 50 overlapping genes were identified as the potential action targets of esculetin against UC. Among them, 10 genes (AKT1, STAT1, CCND1, SRC, PTGS2, EGFR, NFKB1, ESR1, MMP9, SERPINE1) were finally identified as the core genes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the top signaling pathway associated with the core genes of esculetin against UC was the prolactin (PRL) signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that esculetin has a strong binding affinity to the core genes, as well as PRL and prolactin receptor. This study suggests that esculetin may have a crucial impact on UC through the PRL signaling pathway and provides insights into the potential mechanism of esculetin in the treatment of UC, which may shed light on the mechanism and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
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Li D, Gao Y, Cui L, Li Y, Ling H, Tan X, Xu H. Integrative analysis revealed the role of glucagon-like peptide-2 in improving experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory pathways, regulating glucose metabolism, and modulating gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1174308. [PMID: 37260689 PMCID: PMC10227514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurrent and remitting inflammation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum, the incidence of which is on the rise. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a newly discovered neurotrophic factor, but its efficacy and mechanism of action in UC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and potential targets of GLP-2 on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice through integrative analysis. Methods The effects of GLP-2 on UC were assessed by calculating the disease activity index, colonic mucosal damage index, and pathological histological scores. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of GLP-2, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). The 16SrRNA gene was used to detect changes in gut microbiota in mouse colonic tissues, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood glucose levels were used to analyze the differences in flora. Results The results showed that GLP-2 could reduce the inflammation of UC mice, which may be achieved by inhibiting the potential targets of NF-κB, and Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3 inflammatory pathways, regulating sugar metabolism, increasing dominant species, and improving microbial diversity. Discussion This study provides new insight into the potential of GLP-2 for achieving more ideal UC treatment goals in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lanrong Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Raj V, Venkataraman B, Ojha SK, Almarzooqi S, Subramanian VS, Al-Ramadi BK, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Cis-Nerolidol Inhibits MAP Kinase and NF-κB Signaling Pathways and Prevents Epithelial Tight Junction Dysfunction in Colon Inflammation: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072982. [PMID: 37049744 PMCID: PMC10096091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the GI tract leads to compromised epithelial barrier integrity, which increases intestine permeability. A compromised intestinal barrier is a critical event that leads to microbe entry and promotes inflammatory responses. Inflammatory bowel diseases that comprise Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) show an increase in intestinal permeability. Nerolidol (NED), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol, has potent anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical models of colon inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of NED on MAPKs, NF-κB signaling pathways, and intestine epithelial tight junction physiology using in vivo and in vitro models. The effect of NED on proinflammatory cytokine release and MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Subsequently, the role of NED on MAPKs, NF-κB signaling, and the intestine tight junction integrity were assessed using DSS-induced colitis and LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cell culture models. Our result indicates that NED pre-treatment significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokine release, expression of proteins involved in MAP kinase, and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages and DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, NED treatment significantly decreased FITC-dextran permeability in DSS-induced colitis. NED treatment enhanced tight junction protein expression (claudin-1, 3, 7, and occludin). Time-dependent increases in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements reflect the formation of healthy tight junctions in the Caco-2 monolayer. LPS-stimulated Caco-2 showed a significant decrease in TEER. However, NED pre-treatment significantly prevented the fall in TEER measurements, indicating its protective role. In conclusion, NED significantly decreased MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and decreased tight junction permeability by enhancing epithelial tight junction protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Basel K. Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. BOX 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas E. Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B. Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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