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Kuznetsov D, Kalyuzhin O, Mironov A, Neschisliaev V, Kuznetsova A. A case of vitiligo after COVID-19 vaccination: a possible role of thymic dysfunction. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1141-1150. [PMID: 38057270 PMCID: PMC10710914 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccines help control the spread of infection. To date, 47 vaccines have been approved, with another 227 candidates in various stages of development. In the short period of time since the beginning of their use, evidence has begun to emerge of complications following vaccination in the form of the development or exacerbation of a number of pathological conditions (Block et al., 2022; Haseeb et al., 2022). For example, a population-based study in France identified 1612 cases of myocarditis and 1613 cases of pericarditis requiring hospital treatment within five months of vaccination (le Vu et al., 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kuznetsov
- G N. Gabrichevsky Scientific and Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 125212, Russia.
| | - Oleg Kalyuzhin
- I M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Mironov
- G N. Gabrichevsky Scientific and Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 125212, Russia
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Shakibfar S, Zhao J, Li H, Nordeng H, Lupattelli A, Pavlovic M, Sandve GK, Nyberg F, Wettermark B, Hajiebrahimi M, Andersen M, Sessa M. Machine learning-driven development of a disease risk score for COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality: a Swedish and Norwegian register-based study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1258840. [PMID: 38146473 PMCID: PMC10749372 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1258840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To develop a disease risk score for COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality in Sweden and externally validate it in Norway. Method We employed linked data from the national health registries of Sweden and Norway to conduct our study. We focused on individuals in Sweden with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection through RT-PCR testing up to August 2022 as our study cohort. Within this group, we identified hospitalized cases as those who were admitted to the hospital within 14 days of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and matched them with five controls from the same cohort who were not hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we identified individuals who died within 30 days after being hospitalized for COVID-19. To develop our disease risk scores, we considered various factors, including demographics, infectious, somatic, and mental health conditions, recorded diagnoses, and pharmacological treatments. We also conducted age-specific analyses and assessed model performance through 5-fold cross-validation. Finally, we performed external validation using data from the Norwegian population with COVID-19 up to December 2021. Results During the study period, a total of 124,560 individuals in Sweden were hospitalized, and 15,877 individuals died within 30 days following COVID-19 hospitalization. Disease risk scores for both hospitalization and mortality demonstrated predictive capabilities with ROC-AUC values of 0.70 and 0.72, respectively, across the entire study period. Notably, these scores exhibited a positive correlation with the likelihood of hospitalization or death. In the external validation using data from the Norwegian COVID-19 population (consisting of 53,744 individuals), the disease risk score predicted hospitalization with an AUC of 0.47 and death with an AUC of 0.74. Conclusion The disease risk score showed moderately good performance to predict COVID-19-related mortality but performed poorly in predicting hospitalization when externally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shakibfar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Drug Safety Group, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- UiO: RealArt Convergence Environment, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huiqi Li
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- UiO: RealArt Convergence Environment, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela Lupattelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- UiO: RealArt Convergence Environment, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milena Pavlovic
- UiO: RealArt Convergence Environment, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kjetil Sandve
- UiO: RealArt Convergence Environment, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Wettermark
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacoepidemiology and Social Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Morten Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maurizio Sessa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Drug Safety Group, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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DiGuilio KM, Rybakovsky E, Baek Y, Valenzano MC, Mullin JM. The multiphasic TNF-α-induced compromise of Calu-3 airway epithelial barrier function. Exp Lung Res 2023; 49:72-85. [PMID: 37000123 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2193637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Airway epithelial barrier leak and the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines play a key role in a variety of diseases. This study evaluates barrier compromise by the inflammatory mediator Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in the human airway epithelial Calu-3 model. Methods: We examined the effects of TNF-α on barrier function in Calu-3 cell layers using Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TER) and transepithelial diffusion of radiolabeled probe molecules. Western immunoblot analyses of tight junctional (TJ) proteins in detergent soluble fractions were performed. Results: TNF-α dramatically reduced TER and increased paracellular permeability of both 14C-D-mannitol and the larger 5 kDa probe, 14C-inulin. A time course of the effects shows two separate actions on barrier function. An initial compromise of barrier function occurs 2-4 hours after TNF-α exposure, followed by complete recovery of barrier function by 24 hrs. Beginning 48 hrs. post-exposure, a second more sustained barrier compromise ensues, in which leakiness persists through 144 hrs. There were no changes in TJ proteins observed at 3 hrs. post exposure, but significant increases in claudins-2, -3, -4, and -5, as well as a decrease in occludin were seen at 72 hrs. post TNF-α exposure. Both the 2-4 hr. and the 72 hr. TNF-α induced leaks are shown to be mediated by the ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion: TNF-α induced a multiphasic transepithelial leak in Calu-3 cell layers that was shown to be ERK mediated, as well as involve changes in the TJ complex. The micronutrients, retinoic acid and calcitriol, were effective at reducing this barrier compromise caused by TNF-α. The significance of these results for airway disease and for COVID-19 specifically are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoongyeong Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - James M Mullin
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
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Xie Y, Xu J, Zhou D, Guo M, Zhang M, Gao Y, Liu M, Shi J, Yang K, Zheng Q, Zhao L, Qin Y, Hu R, Wei J, Zhang J, Tian J. Micronutrient perspective on COVID-19: Umbrella review and reanalysis of meta-analyses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36794398 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2174948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Micronutrients are clinically important in managing COVID-19, and numerous studies have been conducted, but inconsistent findings exist. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between micronutrients and COVID-19. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus for study search on July 30, 2022 and October 15, 2022. Literature selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed in a double-blinded, group discussion format. Meta-analysis with overlapping associations were reconsolidated using random effects models, and narrative evidence was performed in tabular presentations. RESULTS 57 reviews and 57 latest original studies were included. 21 reviews and 53 original studies were of moderate to high quality. Vitamin D, vitamin B, zinc, selenium, and ferritin levels differed between patients and healthy people. Vitamin D and zinc deficiencies increased COVID-19 infection by 0.97-fold/0.39-fold and 1.53-fold. Vitamin D deficiency increased severity 0.86-fold, while low vitamin B and selenium levels reduced severity. Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies increased ICU admission by 1.09 and 4.09-fold. Vitamin D deficiency increased mechanical ventilation by 0.4-fold. Vitamin D, zinc, and calcium deficiencies increased COVID-19 mortality by 0.53-fold, 0.46-fold, and 5.99-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION The associations between vitamin D, zinc, and calcium deficiencies and adverse evolution of COVID-19 were positive, while the association between vitamin C and COVID-19 was insignificant.REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022353953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Xie
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ming Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jiyuan Shi
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kelu Yang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qingyong Zheng
- Evidence-Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Evidence-Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Hu
- First Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Sharif N, Opu RR, Khan A, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Alzahrani FM, Haque N, Khan S, Soumik ST, Zhang M, Huang H, Song X, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Impact of Zinc, Vitamins C and D on Disease Prognosis among Patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235029. [PMID: 36501059 PMCID: PMC9737649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (cholecalciferol) and zinc (zinc sulfate monohydrate) supplements are important in immunity against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, a limited number of studies have been conducted on the association of vitamins and supplements with the reduced risks of COVID-19 infection. This study aims to evaluate the association of vitamins and supplements as treatment options to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Data were collected from 962 participants from 13 December 2020 to 4 February 2021. The presence of COVID-19 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The Chi-square test and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. The ratio of uptake of vitamin C:vitamin D:zinc was 1:1:0.95. Uptake of vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc were significantly associated with the reduced risk of infection and severity of COVID-19 (OR: 0.006 (95% CI: 0.03-0.11) (p = 0.004)) and (OR: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-0.22) (p = 0.005)). The tendency of taking supplements was associated with the presence of infection of COVID-19 (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.02), sex (p = 0.05) and residence (p = 0.04). The duration of supplementation and medication was significantly associated with reduced hospitalization (p = 0.0001). Vitamins C, D and zinc were not significantly (p = 0.9) associated with a reduced risk of severity when taken through the diet. Hospitalization (p = 0.000001) and access to health facilities (p = 0.0097) were significantly associated with the survival period of the participants. Participants with better access to health facilities recovered early (OR: 6.21, 95% CI 1.56-24.7). This study will add knowledge in the field of treatment of COVID-19 by using vitamins and zinc supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rubayet Rayhan Opu
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khan
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nusaira Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +880-1759588088
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Subramanian S, Griffin G, Hewison M, Hopkin J, Kenny RA, Laird E, Quinton R, Thickett D, Rhodes JM. Vitamin D and COVID-19-Revisited. J Intern Med 2022; 292:604-626. [PMID: 35798564 PMCID: PMC9349414 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D, when activated to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is a steroid hormone that induces responses in several hundred genes, including many involved in immune responses to infection. Without supplementation, people living in temperate zones commonly become deficient in the precursor form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, during winter, as do people who receive less sunlight exposure or those with darker skin pigmentation. Studies performed pre-COVID-19 have shown significant but modest reduction in upper respiratory infections in people receiving regular daily vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency, like the risk of severe COVID-19, is linked with darker skin colour and also with obesity. Greater risk from COVID-19 has been associated with reduced ultraviolet exposure. Various studies have examined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, either historical or current, in patients with COVID-19. The results of these studies have varied but the majority have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of COVID-19 illness or severity. Interventional studies of vitamin D supplementation have so far been inconclusive. Trial protocols commonly allow control groups to receive low-dose supplementation that may be adequate for many. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease severity in patients with existing COVID-19 are further complicated by the frequent use of large bolus dose vitamin D to achieve rapid effects, even though this approach has been shown to be ineffective in other settings. As the pandemic passes into its third year, a substantial role of vitamin D deficiency in determining the risk from COVID-19 remains possible but unproven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Subramanian
- Department of GastroenterologyCambridge University Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - George Griffin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and MedicineSt George's UniversityLondonUK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Julian Hopkin
- College of MedicineInstitute of Life ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- Department of Medical GerontologySchool of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Eamon Laird
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on AgeingSchool of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of EndocrinologyTranslational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle University Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - David Thickett
- Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK
| | - Jonathan M. Rhodes
- Molecular Physiology and Cell SignallingInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Nimer RM, Khabour OF, Swedan SF, Kofahi HM. Effect of natural products use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization: A self-reported cross-sectional survey study. F1000Res 2022; 11:639. [PMID: 35919098 PMCID: PMC9294495 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121933.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using available resources is essential to reduce the health burden of disease. The severity of COVID-19 is affected by nutritional status. In this study the effect of natural product use prior to infection with COVID-19 on disease severity and hospitalization was explored. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Between March and July 2021, a self-administered survey was conducted in Jordan. Individuals who recovered from COVID-19 and were ≥18 years old were the study population. Study measures included the use of natural products, COVID-19 severity, and hospitalization status. A multivariate regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results:
The mean age (mean ± SD) of the study sample (n=2,148) was 40.25 ± 15.58 years old. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the regular intake of carnation (OR [0.56], CI [0.37–0.85]), onion (OR [0.69], CI [0.52–0.92]), lemon (OR [0.68], CI [0.51–0.90]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.66], CI [0.50–0.89]) before infection were associated with a substantial reduction in COVID-19 severity (P<0.01). Also, the consumption of carnation (OR [0.55], CI [0.34–0.88]), lemon (OR [0.57], CI [0.42–0.78]), and citrus fruits (OR [0.61], CI [0.44–0.84]) were associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of COVID-19-induced hospitalization (P<0.01). Conclusions: Regular consumption of carnation, lemon, and citrus fruits before infection was associated with better outcomes for COVID-19. Studies on other populations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat M. Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Samer F. Swedan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hassan M. Kofahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Alomari MA, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Hendawi M. Negative emotional symptoms during COVID19 confinement: The relationship with reading habits. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022; 31:100962. [PMID: 35582323 PMCID: PMC9093192 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID19) is an ongoing pandemic, which forced governments across the globe to implement confinement measures to limit the spread of the disease. These measures have impacted the daily life and psychological status of people. However, no studies have examined the relationship between changes in psychological status with reading habits during the COVID19 pandemic. Objectives The study aims at examining the relationship between changes in reading habits and negative emotional states. Method The psychological status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS). In addition, the participants reported changes in four types of reading experiences during COVID19 confinement. These reading types are specialized, general knowledge, story/novels, and religious material. An internet-based survey was used to collect the data among adults. Results A total of 1711 individuals participated in the study. About 60.0%, 55.1%, 60.5% and 61.0% reported participating in scientific, religious, general, and novel reading, respectively. Additionally, the ANOVA revealed differences (p < 0.05) in DASS scores according to the changes in scientific, religious, newspaper, and novel/story reading. Subgroup post hoc comparisons showed that DASS scores were associated with a no-change or increase in all types of reading habits indicating a main effect of emotional state on all types of reading. Conclusions Current results might suggest that the participants who experienced greater negative emotions, tended to either not change or increase their reading habits. Additionally, individuals with lower negative emotion scores reported a decrease in reading during the COVID19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Manal Hendawi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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