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Mustaffa SN, Md Yatim N, Abdul Rashid AR, Md Yatim N, Pithaih V, Sha'ari NS, Muhammad AR, Abdul Rahman A, Jamil NA, Menon PS. Visible and angular interrogation of Kretschmann-based SPR using hybrid Au-ZnO optical sensor for hyperuricemia detection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22926. [PMID: 38125452 PMCID: PMC10731088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is a waste product of the human body where high levels of it or hyperuricemia can lead to gout, kidney disease and other health issues. In this paper, Finite Difference Time Doman (FDTD) simulation method was used to develop a plasmonic optical sensor to detect uric acid with molarity ranging from 0 to 3.0 mM. A hybrid layer of gold-zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) was used in this Kretschmann-based Surface Plasmon Resonance (K-SPR) technique with angular interrogation at 670 nm and 785 nm visible optical wavelengths. The purpose of this study is to observe the ability of the hybrid material as a sensing performance enhancer for differentiating between healthy and unhealthy uric acid levels based on the refractive index values from previous study. Upon exposure to 670 nm wavelength, the average sensitivity of this sensor was found to be 0.028°/mM with a linearity of 98.67 % and Q-factor value of 0.0053 mM - 1 . While at 785 nm, the average sensitivity is equal to 0.0193°/mM with slightly lower linearity at 94.46 % and Q-factor value of 0.0076 mM - 1 . The results have proven the ability of hybrid material Au-ZnO as a sensing performance enhancer for detecting uric acid when compared with bare Au and can be further explored in experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nasuha Mustaffa
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadhrah Md Yatim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nadrah Md Yatim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Vatsala Pithaih
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahirah Sha'ari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baharu Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razif Muhammad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azaham Abdul Rahman
- Kulim Hi-Tech Pte Ltd, No.1, Jalan Bukit Hijau 26/24, Section 26, 40400, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmar Jamil
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P. Susthitha Menon
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Futane A, Senthil M, S J, Srinivasan A, R K, Narayanamurthy V. Sweat analysis for urea sensing: trends and challenges. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4405-4426. [PMID: 37646163 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
With increasing population there is a rise in pathological diseases that the healthcare facilities are grappling with. Sweat-based wearable technologies for continuous monitoring have overcome the demerits associated with sweat sampling and sensing. Hence, sweat as an alternative biofluid holds great promise for the quantification of a host of biomarkers and understanding the functioning of the body, thereby deducing ailments quickly and economically. This comprehensive review accounts for recent advances in sweat-based LOCs (Lab-On-Chips), which are a likely alternative to the existing blood-urea sample testing that is invasive and time-consuming. The present review is focused on the advancements in sweat-based Lab-On-Chips (LOCs) as an alternative to invasive and time-consuming blood-urea sample testing. In addition, different sweat collection methods (direct skin, near skin and microfluidic) and their mechanism for urea sensing are explained in detail. The mechanism of urea in biofluids in protein metabolism, balancing nitrogen levels and a crucial factor of kidney function is described. In the end, research and technological advancements are explained to address current challenges and enable its widespread implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Futane
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Mallika Senthil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering, College, Chennai, India 602105
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jayashree S
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering, College, Chennai, India 602105
| | - Arthi Srinivasan
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kunatan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Kalpana R
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering, College, Chennai, India 602105
| | - Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Advance Sensors and Embedded Systems (ASECs), Centre for Telecommunication Research & Innovation, Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik Dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
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