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Rudolph K, Parthier C, Egerer-Sieber C, Geiger D, Muller YA, Kreis W, Müller-Uri F. Expression, crystallization and structure elucidation of γ-terpinene synthase from Thymus vulgaris. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:16-23. [PMID: 26750479 PMCID: PMC4708045 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15023043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of γ-terpinene, a precursor of the phenolic isomers thymol and carvacrol found in the essential oil from Thymus sp., is attributed to the activitiy of γ-terpinene synthase (TPS). Purified γ-terpinene synthase from T. vulgaris (TvTPS), the Thymus species that is the most widely spread and of the greatest economical importance, is able to catalyze the enzymatic conversion of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to γ-terpinene. The crystal structure of recombinantly expressed and purified TvTPS is reported at 1.65 Å resolution, confirming the dimeric structure of the enzyme. The putative active site of TvTPS is deduced from its pronounced structural similarity to enzymes from other species of the Lamiaceae family involved in terpenoid biosynthesis: to (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase and 1,8-cineole synthase from Salvia sp. and to (4S)-limonene synthase from Mentha spicata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Rudolph
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department für Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Parthier
- Arbeitsgruppe Physikalische Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie/Biotechnologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Claudia Egerer-Sieber
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnik, Department für Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Geiger
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department für Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yves A. Muller
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnik, Department für Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kreis
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department für Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frieder Müller-Uri
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department für Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Rustaiee AR, Yavari A, Nazeri V, Shokrpour M, Sefidkon F, Rasouli M. Genetic diversity and chemical polymorphism of some Thymus species. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:1088-98. [PMID: 23776024 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To ascertain whether there are chemical and genetic relationships among some Thymus species and also to determine correlation between these two sets of data, the essential-oil composition and genetic variability of six populations of Thymus including: T. daenensis ČELAK. (two populations), T. fallax FISCH. & C.A.MEY., T. fedtschenkoi RONNIGER, T. migricus KLOKOV & DES.-SHOST., and T. vulgaris L. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS, and also by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Thus, 27 individuals were analyzed using 16 RAPD primers, which generated 264 polymorphic scorable bands and volatiles isolated by distillation extraction were subjected to GC and GC/MS analyses. The yields of oils ranged from 2.1 to 3.8% (v/w), and 34 components were identified, amounting to a total percentage of 97.8-99.9%. RAPD Markers allowed a perfect distinction between the different species based on their distinctive genetic background. However, they did not show identical clustering with the volatile-oil profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Rustaiee
- Department of Horticulture Sciences, Agriculture Research Center, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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Lima AS, Schimmel J, Lukas B, Novak J, Barroso JG, Figueiredo AC, Pedro LG, Degenhardt J, Trindade H. Genomic characterization, molecular cloning and expression analysis of two terpene synthases from Thymus caespititius (Lamiaceae). PLANTA 2013; 238:191-204. [PMID: 23624978 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The identification, isolation and functional characterization of two genes encoding two monoterpene synthases-γ-terpinene synthase (Tctps2) and α-terpineol synthase (Tctps5)-from three chemically distinct Thymus caespititius (Lamiaceae) genotypes were performed. Genomic exon-intron structure was also determined for both terpene synthase genes, revealing an organization with seven exons and six introns. The cDNA of Tctps2 was 2,308 bp long and had an open reading frame of 1,794 bp encoding for a protein with 598 amino acids. Tctps5 was longer, mainly due to intron sequences, and presented high intraspecific variability on the plants analyzed. It encoded for a protein of 602 amino acids from an open reading frame of 1,806 bp comprising a total of 2,507 bp genomic sequence. The amino acid sequence of these two active Tctps genes shared 74 % pairwise identity, ranging between 42 and 94 % similarity with about 50 known terpene synthases of other Lamiaceae species. Gene expression revealed a multi-product Tctps2 and Tctps5 enzymes, producing γ-terpinene and α-terpineol as major components, respectively. These enzymatic results were consistent with the monoterpene profile present in T. caespititius field plants, suggesting a transcriptional regulation in leaves. Herewith reported for the first time for this species, these two newly characterized Tctps genes improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reaction responsible for terpene biosynthesis and chemical diversity found in T. caespititius.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sofia Lima
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia, Universidade de Lisboa, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Pluhár Z, Kocsis M, Kuczmog A, Csete S, Simkó H, Sárosi S, Molnár P, Horváth G. Essential oil composition and preliminary molecular study of four Hungarian Thymus species. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:81-96. [PMID: 22453802 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and genetic differences of twenty taxa belonging to four Thymus species were studied in order to determine whether molecular characters and essential oil components could be used as taxonomic markers and to examine the correlation between them. Plant samples, representing different taxa and geographic regions, were collected from experimentally grown populations. Essential oil samples were analysed by GC/MS and cluster analysis of volatile composition resulted in segregation of thymol chemotypes from sesquiterpenic ones. Thymol was characteristic for all the populations of Thymus glabrescens and T. pannonicus as well as for certain taxa belonging to T. praecox and T. pulegioides. Sesquiterpenes occurred in only two taxa of T. glabrescens, in each sample of T. praecox and in three taxa of T. pulegioides. Plant samples were analysed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The obtained dendrogram revealed high gene diversity. The 13 primers resulted 114 polymorphic RAPD bands, and the average percentage of polymorphism was 80.8%. The RAPD dendogram showed separation neither at interspecific nor at interpopulational levels. Therefore, further specific molecular studies involving more taxa are suggested. Partial correlation have been found between molecular and chemical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Pluhár
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary.
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Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, Pedro’ LG. Volatiles from Thymbra and Thymus species of the Western Mediterranean Basin, Portugal and Macaronesia. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyme is the common name of many taxa belonging to the Thymbra and Thymus genera. Given the economic importance of thyme oils, many thyme species have been studied and their essential oils and other volatile-containing extracts chemically characterized. Thymbra and Thymus species are frequent in the west Mediterranean region, considered to be the centre of origin of the genus Thymus, and extend further westwards in the Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa, to the Macaronesian region in the Atlantic Ocean. The present work gives an overview of the chemical composition of the volatiles from the taxa of these two genera occurring in the above geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cristina Figueiredo
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Dep. de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José G. Barroso
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Dep. de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis G. Pedro’
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Dep. de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Trindade H, Costa MM, Lima SB, Pedro LG, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG. A combined approach using RAPD, ISSR and volatile analysis for the characterization of Thymus caespititius from Flores, Corvo and Graciosa islands (Azores, Portugal). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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