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Saavedra T, Gama F, Rodrigues MA, Abadía J, de Varennes A, Pestana M, Da Silva JP, Correia PJ. Effects of foliar application of organic acids on strawberry plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 188:12-20. [PMID: 35963050 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The large economic costs and environmental impacts of iron-chelate treatments has led to the search for alternative methods and compounds to control iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis. Strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa) were grown in Hoagland's nutrient solution in a greenhouse with two levels of Fe: 0 and 10 μM Fe(III)-EDDHA. After 20 days, plants growing without Fe showed typical symptoms of Fe deficiency chlorosis in young leaves. Then, the adaxial and abaxial sides of one mature or one young leaf in each plant were brushed with 10 mM malic (MA), citric (CA) or succinic (SA) acids. Eight applications were done over a two-week period. At the end of the experiment, the newly emerged (therefore untreated), young and mature leaves were sampled for nutritional and metabolomic analysis, to assess the effectiveness of treatments. Leaf regreening was monitored using a SPAD-502 apparatus, and the activity of the ferric chelate-reductase activity (FCR) was measured using root tips. Iron deficiency negatively affected biomass and leaf chlorophyll but did not increase FCR activity. Application of succinic acid alleviated the decrease in chlorophyll observed in other treatments, and the overall nutritional balance in the plant was also changed. The concentrations of two quinic acid derivatives increased under Fe deficiency and decreased in plants treated with succinic acid, and thus they are proposed as Fe stress markers. Data suggest that foliage treatments with carboxylates may be, in some cases, environmentally friendly alternatives to Fe(III)-chelates. The importance of Fe mobilization pathways in the formulation of new fertilizers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Saavedra
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Building 8, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Florinda Gama
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Building 8, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria A Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Javier Abadía
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Plant Biology Department, Av. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, E-50059, Spain
| | - Amarilis de Varennes
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maribela Pestana
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Building 8, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Da Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro José Correia
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Building 8, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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Kynshi BL, Sachu M, Syiem MB. Modulation in isocitrate dehydrogenase activity under citrate enrichment affects carbon and nitrogen fixations in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1. Biochimie 2021; 186:94-104. [PMID: 33915227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) converts isocitrate synthesized from citrate to α-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle. In cyanobacteria, α-KG has an additional role where it donates its carbon skeleton for ammonium assimilation in the GS-GOGAT pathway thereby linking carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Looking at this crucial function of IDH that makes α-KG available for both carbon and nitrogen assimilation, changes brought about in its activity under excess availability of citrate in a cyanobacterium was evaluated. Further, how these changes are transmitted downstream affecting carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were also evaluated. A 100 μM citrate supplementation induced IDH activity. Consequently, there was an increase in concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, D1 protein and RuBisCO as well as in PSII activity. Heterocyst differentiation was initiated and an upsurge in the activities of nitrogenase and GS were recorded. An enhancement in the total protein and carbohydrate content reiterated the positive influence of citrate enrichment on carbon and nitrogen fixation. The increase in the mRNA contents of IDH, D1 protein, RuBisCO, nitrogenase and GS indicated their induction at the genetic level. Finally, there was augmentation in total biomass production by ∼28%. Interestingly as citrate concentration was increased to 500 μM, both C- and N- fixations were highly compromised suggesting that even though citrate is an essential metabolite in the cells, it became toxic beyond a certain concentration to the organism. SEM and TEM studies showed no changes in the organism's morphology and ultra-structure in presence of 100 μM citrate while adverse changes were noticed in presence of 500 μM citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meguovilie Sachu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mayashree B Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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Ghazijahani N, Hadavi E, Jeong BR. Foliar sprays of citric acid and salicylic acid alter the pattern of root acquisition of some minerals in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:573. [PMID: 25400645 PMCID: PMC4215826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of foliar application of two levels of citric acid (CA; 0 and 7 mM) and two levels of salicylic acid (SA; 0 and 1 mM) combined with two levels of nutrient solution strength (full strength and half strength) on mineral acquisition by sweet basil were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design arrangement with three replications. SA alone reduced the plant height and thickened the stem. Plants supplied with a full strength solution had a ticker stem, produced more biomass, and showed higher values of Fv/Fm. Some changes in the uptake pattern of some nutrients, especially boron and sulfur, were noticed. Higher boron concentrations in leaves were in plants sprayed with a combination of 7 mM CA and 1 mM of SA. Applying combination of CA and SA was more effective than using them individually that suggests an effective synergism between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebrahim Hadavi
- Horticulture Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityKaraj, Iran
| | - Byoung R. Jeong
- Horticulture Department, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
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